2018考研英语二真题及答案

2018考研英语二真题及答案SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents’willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve答案：D.resolve考点：词义辨析解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句指出原因：因为人们内心里有一种____不确定因素需求，空格处所需的动词和后面的宾语uncertainty构成动宾结构。A选项ignore，忽略，B选项protect，保护，C选项discuss，讨论，带入空格后，语义不通顺，所以不正确。D选项resolve，解决、消除，“消除不确定性”符合语义要求；故正确答案为D选项resolve。2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret答案：B.seek考点：词义辨析解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____（答案）来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，只有B选项seek,试图、设法、寻找,符合要求；A选项refuse,拒绝，C选wait,等待，C选项regret,遗憾,带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为B.seek。3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead答案：C.hurt考点：词义辨析解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显本句中的evenwhen（即使）构成了前后的对立关系，因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有C选项hurt（令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此处的itisclearthattheanswerwillhurt也和第一句中的thatwillobviouslybepainful构成了近义复现。故C选项为正确答案。4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat答案：B.expose考点：固定短语解析：空格所在处，构成了___oneselftosth结构，只有D选项expose符合要求,使某人暴露在……中，故B选项expose为正确答案。5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept答案：A.trial考点：词义辨析解析：本段段首提到“aseriesoffourexperiments”，空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息，只有A选项trail与experiment语义相近，故正确答案为A选项trail。6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt答案：B.deliver考点：语义逻辑解析：上文指出：Foronetrial，eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment。在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，Halfofthepenswould…anelectricshockwhenclicked。有一半的比在按下的时候会使人触电。所以比对选项，要选择deliver，发出，递送。因此B为正确答案。7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though答案：C.When考点：逻辑关系解析：上文讲的是Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged；another27weretoldonly…研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在房里时，…而不是条件if，unless或者转折关系。因此选择C。8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen答案：D.happen考点：语义逻辑解析：根据上文的实验背景，试验中27个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人，所以这些人知道thestudentswhoknewwhatwouldhappen，强调结果性。所以选择D。9.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto答案：A.suchas考点：逻辑关系解析：上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中，后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片显然这里需要例证关系，故选择A。10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget答案：C.discover考点：语义逻辑解析：文章开篇提出：Thehumandrivetoresolveuncertaintyissostrong…人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验，都表示这是一种discover的需求，越是不确定的，越好奇。故选择C。11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling答案：B.food考点：语义逻辑解析：这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学（CarnegieMellonUniversity）的观点中，前后观点没有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中thedriveisdeeplyrootedinhuman，指的是人类根深蒂固的本性，而且后文也说到curiosityisagoodinstinct（本能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因此此处应该选food。A选项pay支付；C选项marriage婚姻；D选项schooling学习教育，皆不符合文意。12.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom答案：C.leadto考点：固定搭配解析：本句意思是：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步，此处选择A选项beginwith以…开始，C选项leadto符合文意。B选项reston取决于；D选项learnfrom向…学习,皆不符合文意。13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence答案：A.inquiry考点：语义逻辑解析：butsometimessuch___canbackfire。but一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词such一出现，就证明和前句的主语是一致的，在此只能选择curiosity的近义词，为Ainquiry。B选项withdrawal撤回；C选项persistence坚持；D选项diligence勤奋，皆不符合文意。14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive答案：D.self-destructive考点：语义逻辑解析：Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo___thingsisaprofoundone。因为前文有所提示，butsometimessuch___canbackfire，有时候好奇心会适得其反，这句话也是对于上文的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，因此选Dself-destructive自我毁灭的。A选项self-deceptive自欺欺人的，B选项self-reliant自力更生的；C选项self-evident显而易见的,皆不符合文意。15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist答案：D.resist考点：语义逻辑解析：Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto___，however。这句话之后出现了论据，用以撑前文的论点：Inafinalexperiment，participantswhowereencouragedtopredicthowtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage，在最后的实验中，那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性较小。此处picturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage=resist，是对于本段论点句的同义复现，因为选择D选项resist。A选项trace追踪，B选项define定义；C选项replace替代,皆不符合文意。16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict答案：D.predict考点：语义逻辑解析：本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以预测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响。Inafinalexperiment，participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.16题所在句子是participants的后置定语，用来修饰受测者，他们积极地去如何，与后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将（would）会有什么样的感觉，可以得出是提前想象出来的，故选择Dpredict，预测。17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend答案：A.choose考点：语义逻辑解析：此题所在句子结构化简后是participantswerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage。这里面的suchimage指的是上面提到的anunpleasantpicture，所以既然已经知道图片会带来不愉悦的感觉，就不可能去选择了，故选择Achoose选择。18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty答案：B.outcome考点：语义逻辑解析：Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone‘scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor。18题所在位置是the18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftime此短语是imagining同位语，用来解释imagining：为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果。所以此题选择是B。19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether答案：D.whether考点：逻辑关系解析：imaginingcanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor。这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们。。。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系，这些研究结果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果，从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故Dwhether为正确选项。20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies答案：C.consequences考点：词义辨析解析：“Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity，”思考长期......才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在。负面消极影响是好奇心带来的，所以要考虑这种长期的影响，A选项limitations限制，B选项investment投资,D选项strategies策略,都不符合语境，故C选项为正确选项。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain?AsKoziatekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.A.academictrainingB.practicalabilityC.pioneeringspiritD.mechanicalmemorization答案B.practicalability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是B.practicalability.22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.A.haveastereotypedmindB.havenocareermotivationC.arefinanciallydisadvantagedD.arenotacademicallysuccessful答案D.arenotacademicallysuccessful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是D.arenotacademicallysuccessful,其他选项均不符合文意。23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.A.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesB.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivilegesD.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing答案A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和highschoolgraduates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种thejobsecurity已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选A，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationD.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce答案C.indicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“theheadlongpush”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说thatisnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有C选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选C。25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointed答案C.supportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’sschool看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-upcall。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising答案Cfalling这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择Cfalling。27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical答案Aisprogressingnotably这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply答案Awindisawidelyusedenergysource这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.答案Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词cleanenergy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升aboostinthestorage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除;B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除;正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost答案CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningfuleffect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate...是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都maymeanlessandless...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。Text3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtualgiants，dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey’resellingisdata，andwe，theusers，convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.A.digitalproductsB.userinformationC.physicalassetsD.qualityservice答案[B]userinformation解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.A.worsenpoliticaldisputesB.messupcustomerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusersD.misleadtheEuropeancommission答案[C]posearisktoFacebookusers解析：细节题。根据题干关键词linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.A.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalanceC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket答案[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket解析：细节题。根据题干关键词competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.A.theyarenotdefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers答案[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.解析：根据题目中的because可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem…，与选项对应，可得出[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsB.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiantsC.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customersD.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers答案[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.解析：根据题目中isusedtoillustrate可判断为例证题，要找到theantsanalogy论据所证明的论点;论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据theantsanalogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproduct…isdata，andwe…convertourlivestodata…。此句中，data即digitalgiants，we即users。因此答案为[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.Text4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealizeisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork答案A.keeptoyourfocustime解析：细节题。根据题干的masteringtheartofdeepwork定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，A项为正确答案。37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsD.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected答案D.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected解析：例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis________.A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork答案D.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.解析：根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idlenessisnot，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到itisas…as…，isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再对应选项，可直接选出[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork。39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimedatbetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency答案B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency.解析：根据题目中的Pillaybelieves可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出theytendtobemoreefficient。然后对应选项得出B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency。40.Thistextismainlyabout_______.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustime答案B.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime.解析：根据题目的mainlyabout可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用CalNewport的观点指出focuswithoutdistraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明anotherapproach。所以本题选[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime。PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.JustsayitB.BepresentC.PayauniquecomplimentD.Name,places,thingsE.Findthe“metoo”sF.SkipthesmalltalkG.AskforanopinionFivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.____________Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwa