中考英语教材知识梳理-牛津译林版八年级下册 Units 7-8

第一部分教材知识梳理八年级下册Units7~81核心知识导览2重点指导航标3必备知识精析4核心素养提升·1·核心知识导览·2·重点指导航标一、重点词汇Ucation—__________（动词）2.interview—__________（名词，指采访者）—__________（动词，表示“和……会晤；接见；采访”）3.medical—__________（名词）4.treatment—__________（动词）5.include—__________（介词，表示

“包括，包含”）·3·educateinterviewerinterviewmedicinetreatincludingUnit81.wise—__________（副词）2.different—__________（名词）3.harm—__________（形容词）4.pollution—__________（动词）5.recycle—__________（名词）·4·wiselydifferenceharmfulpolluterecycling二、重点短语Unit71.goto________去看病2.on________在飞机（船、火车）上3.________on继续开展，继续下去4.________________分发；提出5.________________建起；设立6.________________one’s________to

dosomething决定做某事·5·7.be________of为……自豪8.can’t________(todosth.)负担不起（做

某事）9.get____________牙疼10.get/be________

to________

sth.习惯做

某事hospitalboardcarryhandoutsetupmakeupmindproudaffordtoothacheuseddoing·6·Unit81.________________关上（开关）2.________________砍倒3.________on/upon依靠；取决于4.________out用完，耗尽5.________a__________(tosb./sth.)

（对……）有影响，起作用6.in________在正确位置7.takea________洗澡8.be________

toour________

对我们的

健康有害9.________with处置，处理10.________thesesmall________

遵循这

些小步骤turnoffcutdowndependrunmakedifferenceplaceshowerharmfulhealthdofollowsteps知识点1被动语态（Unit7、Unit8）

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态的基本结构为“主语+be+动词的过去分词”。当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态。例如：ORBISusestheplaneasatrainingcentre.

当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。例如：Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcentre.必备知识精析·7·小试牛刀知识点2辨析alive，live，lively，living（Unit8）·8·易混词含义及用法例句alive形容词，意为“活的，活着的”，可指人或动物，但不能用来指植物。没有比较级和最高级形式，可用作表语、后置定语和宾语补足语Hewantedtokeepthefishalive.live形容词，意为“有生命的；活的；生动的；现场播出的”，可指物，但不能用来指人。通常作前置定语Onlyafewlivetreeswereleftafterthefire.续表·9·易混词含义及用法例句lively形容词，意为“有生气的，活泼的”，通常指人和物，可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语Sheisalivelygirl.Everythingislivelyhere.living形容词，意为“活着的，现存的”，指人和物，可作表语和定语Thefishisstillliving.小试牛刀知识点3allow的用法（Unit8）1.allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”。例如：Theteacherallowsustodiscussthequestionsinclass.2.allowdoingsth.意为“被允许做某事”。例如：Wedon’talloweatingintheclassroom.3.beallowedtodosth.意为“被允许做某事”。例如：Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.·10·小试牛刀知识点4afford的用法（Unit8）afford意为“买得起，负担得起”，常置于can，could，beableto后，后跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。例如：Wecanaffordacar.Soontheycouldhardlyaffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.·11·小试牛刀知识点5proud的用法（Unit8）

1.proud是形容词，意为“自豪的，骄傲的”，常用搭配如下：（1）beproudof(doing)

sth.意为“为（做）某事感到自豪”。例如：MygoodfriendsavedalittlegirlandIwasproudofhavingsuchabravefriend.

（2）beproudtodosth.意为“为做某事感到自豪”。例如：I’mproudtotellyouthatmyclassmatehasjustwonthefirstprizeintheshortdistancerace.

（3）“beproud+that从句”意为“……很自豪”。例如：I’mproudthatI’mChinese.·12·2.pride是proud的名词形式，意为“自豪，骄傲”。常见固定搭配如下：（1）theprideof意为“……的骄傲”。例如：ThoughIfailedintheEnglishcompetition，myEnglishteachersaidIwastheprideofher.

（2）takepridein意为“为……感到骄傲”。例如：Theoldprofessortakesprideinherstudentswhoallgetgoodjobsaftergraduation.·13·小试牛刀一、单项选择1.______isitsinceyouleftyourprimaryschool?A.HowoldB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon2.Itismypleasure______otherpeopleintrouble.A.helpsB.helpingC.tohelpD.helped3.Isthere______you’dliketosayaboutthistrip?A.elsesomethingB.somethingelseC.anythingelseD.elseanything核心素养提升·14·BCC4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdaypartyyesterday?—No,I______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite5.Theoldmanwas______tocookagoodmealforhimself.A.sobusyB.busyenoughC.toobusyD.verybusy6.Itismeaningful______childrentojoinincharityworkatayoungage.A.ofB.forC.toD.in·15·BCB7.—Mustwefinishthetasktoday?—No,you______.A.mustn’tB.don’thaveC.don’thavetoD.needn’thaveto8.Thesenewclothes______tothechildreninthevillagetomorrow.A.aresentB.weresentC.willsentD.willbesent9.—Isthereasportsmeetinginyourschool?—Yes.It______inNovembereveryyear.A.holdsB.heldC.willbeheldD.isheld10.

______,somethingterriblehappenedinYushuthatspring.A.UnluckyB.UnluckilyC.LuckyD.Luckily·16·CDDB二、单词拼写根据括号内所给的中文提示，正确拼写单词。1.Wemusttryourbestto__________(发展)

ournationaleconomy.2.Ican’t__________(付得起)

tobuysuchanexpensivewatch.3.Driverswhodriveafterdrinkingwinewillbe__________(惩罚).4.Jimalwayslooks__________(严肃的)

andneverlaughs.5.Lisalivesa__________(简单的)

lifealthoughshehasalotofmoney.·17·developaffordpunishedserioussimple三、词形变换根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Let’sdosomethingtoreduceair__________(pollute).2.MrLiputshisheartinto__________(educate)

becauseheloveshisstudents.3.Theprojectwillbe__________(finish)

nextyear.4.It’sclearthatsmokingis__________(harm)

tohealth.5.Canyoutellmethe

____________(different)

betweenthetwocities？·18·pollutioneducationfinishedharmfuldifference四、选词填空根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，每词限用一次。Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuch________thanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemachines.Therewasnomodernmachine,________.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthe________

ispollution.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkilledthefishandpollutedourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesus________

louderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostserious________

ofpollution.It’sbadforallthelivingthingsintheworld.·19·biggesthardercalledtalkeitherkindenoughbeforethrowdrivinghardereitherbiggesttalkkindCars,planesandfactoriesallpollutetheair.Andthepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltis________smog.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightagainstpollution.Factoriesnowmustcleantheirwaterandgas________

itisdischarged(排放).Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinandnot________

ontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeople________,therewillbelesspollution.Rulesarenot________.Everypersonmusthelptofightthepollution.·20·calledbeforethrowdrivingenough知识点1被动语态（Unit7、Unit8）小试牛刀1.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork______.A.finishesB.willbefinishedC.arefinishedD.isfinished2.LastMarch,thousandsoftrees______alongthestreetstomakeour

citymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.plantedDA3.Students______nottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked4.Thethieves______lastmonth.A.arecaughtB.wascaughtC.werecaughtD.iscaughtCC知识点2辨析alive，live，lively，living（Unit8）小试牛刀1.______concertsareneverquitethesameasweseethemonthesmall

screen.A.LivelyB.AliveC.LivingD.Live2.Heisbadlyillandiskept______byafeedingtube.A.livelyB.livingC.liveD.aliveDD3.Somepeoplecallthebraina(n)

______

computer.A.livelyB.livingC.liveD.alive4.Frankwentthroughhismindaftertheaccident,buthefeltlucky

sincehewasstill______.A.livingB.liveC.aliveD.livelyBC知识点3allow的用法（Unit8）小试牛刀1.—Wouldyouliketowatchabasketballmatchtonightatthesports

centre？—I’dliketo,butmyparentsdon’tallowme______late.A.stayoutB.stayedoutC.stayingoutD.tostayoutD2.—What’sthematter？—TheysaidIshouldnotbeallowed______here.Theydon’ta