非谓语动词与从句

非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系（一）不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。例如：Ihavemanyletterstotype.（动宾关系）—IhavemanyletterswhichIshouldtype.Ihavemanyletterstobetyped.（被动主谓关系）—Ihavemanyletterswhicharetobetypedbyothers.Thestandingpeopleshoutedatthedean.（主谓关系）（二）不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句不定式多作目的状语和结果状语.故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。例如：Mothergotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.（目的状语）—Mothergotupearly80asto（inorderto）catchtheearlybus.—Mothergotupearly80that（inorderthat）shemightcatchtheearlybus【注意】80asto和80that不可放在句首。Sheistooyoungtojointhearmy.（结果状语）Sheis80youngthatshecannotjointhearmy.分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。例如：Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn'thelpthinkingoftheunforgettabledaysinNewYork.（时间状语）—Whenhesawthosepictures.hecouldn'thelpthinkingoftheunforgettabledaysinNewY0rk.二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换不定式与从句之间的转换不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。例如：Whenandwhere(for.8)toholdthemeetingisunknownyet.—Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknownyet.不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。例如：Idon'tknowwhattodowiththematter.—Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththematter.不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。例如：Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation.—MywishisthatIcanbecomeapilotaftergraduation.不定式作定语可转换成定语从句。例如：Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.—Themeetingthat/whichwillbeheldisofgreatimportance.不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。例如：TheyStartedoffearlyinorderto(soasto)arriveintime.—Theystartedofearlyinorderthat(sothat)theycouldarriveintime.动名词与从句之间的转换动名词作主语可转换成that引导的主语从句。例如：Tom’sknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench.—ThatTomknowsEnglishhelphiminlearningFrench.动名词作宾语可转换成that引导的宾语从句。例如：Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork.—IrememberthatIhavepaidhimforhiswork.动名词作表语可转换成that引导的表语从句。例如：Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim.—Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim.1分词与从句之间的转换1.分词作定语可转换成that,who,which引导的定语从句。例如：Themantalkingtomyteacherismyfather.—Themanwho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismyfather.分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。例如：Whilewaitingforthebus-Icaughtsightofher.—WhileIwaswaitingforthebus.Icaughtsightofher.分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。例如：Ifoundhimwaitingforabusatthestation.—Ifoundthathewaswaitingforabusatthestation.分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。也可和tII结构转换。例如：Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.—Hedied,andhelefthisdaughtermuchmoney.三、分词的独立主格结构与从句的相互转换（一）独立主格结构转换为从句表示时间的独立主格结构可转换为时间状语从句。例如：Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedourjourney.—Whentheshowerwasover.wecontinuedourjourney.表示理由的独立主格结构可转换为原因状语从句。例如：Autheticketshavingbeensoldouttheywentawaydisappointed.—Asalltheticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointed.表示条件的独立主格结构可转换为条件状语从句。例如：Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisbetterthanyours.—Ifallthingsareconsidered.herpaperisbetterthanyours.表示伴随状态的独立主格结构可转换为并列句或两个独立的句子。例如：Hewenttothefrontdoor.hisstudentsfollowinghim.（=Hewenttothefrontdoor,followedbyhisstudents.）—Hewenttothefrontdoor.andhisstudentsfollowedhim.（二）从句转换为分词的独立主格结构从句变为分词的独立主格结构时，要去掉连词，保留自己的主语。然后把从句的谓语变换为分词结构。试比较下面的句子。例如：Motherbeingillinbed.ICan'tgotoscho1.—AsMotherisillinbed.Ican'tgotoschoo1.表示伴随状态的独立主格结构有时可在其前面加用tll或without.例如：Hewentaway,andnotawordwasspoken.—Hewentaway.withoutawordspoken.当分词的独立主格结构的含义表示''一般人”，如we,one。you时。主语可以省略。例如：Judgingfromhisface.hemustbeill.—Ifwejudgefromhisface,hemustbeill.英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非谓语动词，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系。I.v-ing形式与从句之间的转换v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom'sknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench.->ThathelpshiminlearningEnglish.Herbeingoutofworkwasunexpected.->wasunexpected.v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork.->Irememberthat.Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary.->Hesuggests.v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim.->OurworryisthatThequestionismanypeople'sbeingtrappedinthefire.->Thequestionis.v-ing形式作定语可换成that,who,which引导的定语从句Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth.->Wewillstudyinthehousethat/whichThemantalkingtomyteacherismyfather.->Themanismyfather.5.v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句Onarrivingthere,Iwilltelephoneyou.->,Iwilltelephoneyou.Whilewaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.->,Icaughtsightofher.v-ing形式表伴随或作结果状语，相当于并列句，也可和with结构转换。Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.->Hedied,and(he).V-ed形式与从句之间的转换v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.->Thequestionthat/whichisveryimportant.Theboylostinthoughtismybrother.->Theboyismybrother.v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句Ifoundtheroombrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.->Ifound(that)andv-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句(If)heated,waterwillturnintosteam.->,waterwillturnintosteam.Don'tspeakuntilspokento.->Don'tspeaktodo形式与从句的转换todo形式作主语可转换成主语从句Whenandwhere(forus)toholdthemeetingisunknownyet.->Whenandwhereisunknownyet.Theyseemedtobeeatingsomethingcookedonthefire.->Itseemedtodo形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句Idon'tknowwhattodowiththematter.->Idon'tknowIwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdrinking.->Iwarned.todo形式作表语可换成表语从句Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation.->Mywishis.Myonlyworrywasforhernottohaveenoughexperienceinit.->Myonlyworrywastodo形式作定语可换成定语从句Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.