2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含参考答案、听力材料）

学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写考生号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Shepreferstostayhome. B.Sheacceptstheman’sadvice. C.Shewantstodosomethingelse. D.Shedoesn’tlikealongwalk.2 . A.Heneedsashowerurgently. B.Hedoesn’tneedanything. C.Hewantstodrinksomething. D.Heisn’tsweatingatthemoment.3. A.Shepreferstoeatout. B.Sheisnothungryatall. C.Shehasalottodointhekitchen. D.Shewantstomaketheirownfood.4. A.Skatingistoohardtolearn. B.Thewomanshouldquitskating. C.Skatingisn’ttoohardforhim. D.Thewomanshouldkeeptrying.5. A.Giveupthegame. B.Makeanewplan. C.Havetoughtraining. D.Avoidtheopponent.6. A.Hedoesn’tliketherole. B.Helacksconfidence.C.Heneedstoknowtherolewell. D.Heshouldremembereveryword.7. A.Thefoodtastesdifferently. B.Themanshouldseeadifferentview. C.Thefoodisworththeprice. D.Thepricesonthemenuareridiculous.8. A.Apastoverseasexperience. B.Acomputergame. C.Acomingvacationplan. D.Animaginarysituation.9. A.Practicethepresentation. B.Simplifythepresentation. C.Leaveoutthemiddlepart. D.Askformoretimeforthepresentation.10. A.Hewillleavethebikeoutside. B.Thebikeneedstoberepaired. C.Hedoesn’tneedthebikeanymore. D.Thebikeisingoodcondition.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingspeech.11. A.StudentsofWestSideSchool. B.TheWestSideSchoolartteacher.C.AuthorityofWestSideSchool. D.TheCaliforniangovernment.12. A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4.13. A.Theunexpectedcharmofart. B.Aprojectbeneficialtostudents.C.Gratitudefromthehotlinecallers. D.Messagesfromkidsmakedifferences.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.14. A.Birds’physicalcharacteristics. B.Themigratingpatternsofbirds. C.Thesizeofbirdpopulation. D.Thebehaviorofmigratingbirds.15. A.Theybecometiredoftheirpartners. B.Theycan’treachhomeatthesametime. C.Theyarelikelytofindnewmates. D.Theyhaveconflictsduringtheflight.16. A.Theyareabletokeeppacewiththeirpartners. B.Theymigrateshorterdistancesthanotherbirds. C.Theydonothavetomigrateforfood. D.Theyhavelittlechancetomeetnewmates.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Thethemeistoohardtounderstand. B.Thesoundistoofrightening. C.Theopeningimagesaretooviolent. D.Thelanguageisunacceptable.18. A.Thedialect. B.Theconversation. C.Thebackground. D.Theplot.19. A.Itmakesthebookunusual. B.Itmakesthecharactersvivid.C.Itmakesthedialogueshumorous. D.Itmakesthebookeasytoread.20. A.Thefilmisofficiallyprohibitedtochildrenbecauseofviolenceinit. B.Thewomanfindsthatthefilmismoreinterestingthanthebook. C.Themanbelievesthefilmisfairlypricedandrecommendsseeingit.D.Themanhasnegativecommentsbothonthebookandthefilm.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreats(21)_______resupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themore(22)_______maylosenutrients.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechance(23)_______(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers(24)_______(raise)inspace.PlantHabitat-04wasoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratory(25)_______pepperstookmuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplantsthere.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepeppers(26)_______(harvest)onFriday.Whenthevegetableswerereadytoeat,theastronautsalsocompletedasensoryassessment.Theyratedtheflavor,color,appearance,andtasteoftheproducetosee(27)_______thelaborovertheirgreensprovedfruitfulasasupplementtoprepackagedspacefood.Freshgreens,likepeppers,provideagreatsourceofkeynutrients,whichareessentialtohumanbodies.Freshgreensalsohavepsychologicalbenefits.Theycanhelptokeepmorale(士气)andprovideasenseofnormalcy(正常)onmissions(28)_______alltheconditionsaredistinctivelydifferentfromtheearth.Freshgreensmakealong-durationmission(29)_______(bearable)byprovidingatasteofhome.Lookingtothefuture,theplantexperimentshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthesustainabilityofspaceexploration.They(30)_______,oneday,provideafoodsourceforlong-termhabitationofMarsandotherplanets.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.contentB.overextendC.developD.innovateE.pursuedF.topG.surfaceH.addictionI.emergeJ.cloudK.licensedOnTikTok,“Self-care”has28.2billionviews,whilethehashtag(主题标签)canbefoundonover66millionInstagramposts.Also,booksaboutself-careoften31manypeople’sshoppinglists.Onthe32,itmakescompletesense.Whowouldn’tliketheideaofmakingoneselffeelbetterandtakingcareoftheirmind,bodyandsoul?Yet,wehavetobecarefulnottoviewself-careasacure-allsolutiontoourproblems.Self-care33withoutawarenessofyourspecificneedsandconsistent(一致的)evaluationcancauseemotional,financial,mentalandphysicalconsequences.AccordingtoZishanKhan,apsychologistwithMindpathHealth,self-carecanleadtoapersonbecomingfrustratedwhenmetwithaseaofsuggestions,which34everywherefrompodcaststoself-helpbooks.“So,don’tallowwhatotherssuggestto35yourinternalvoice,”saysKhan.“Self-carecanonlybenefitapersonifit’sconsistentwiththeirgoalsandvalues.”Khanfurtheremphasizesthedangerofuncontrolledphysically-centeredself-careadvice,suchasfrominfluencers.“Their36oftenoverlyfocusesonbeautyandimprovingone’slooks.Thiscanunintentionallyleadtobodyimageconcernandthusactuallyworsenone’smentalhealth,”shesays.Anotherdangercancomewhenself-careactionsreachthelevelof37,saysMelissaBoudin,apsychologistofChoosingTherapy.“Whenyouspendalargeamountoftimethinkingaboutorpracticingacertainself-carebehavior,thismaybethatself-carehasgonefrombeneficialtoharmful,”shesays,usingtheexampleofself-carethroughhealthyeatingandthengoingsofarasto38aneatingdisorder.LenaSuarez-Angelino,a(n)39clinicalsocialworker,hasrecommendedcreatingalistofactivitiesthatmakeyoufeelbetterbutdon’t40you.Worthwhileandbeneficialself-caremayincludeanythingfromtimewithlovedonestowalking.Whileself-careisimportant,itshouldnotbeoverdone.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext. Whatwillyoudowhenyouarehungry?Ofcourse,anyonewouldgoandgrabsomethingtoeat.Andthen,whatdeterminesthe41offoodyoutakein?Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhedegreeofhunger.Theconventionalconceptthat42isthekeyfactorisopentochallenge.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(摄入)areinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour43needforenergy.Someofthefactorsincludeoureating44andourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshownthat45eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilardistraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.Evensimple46clues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-term47alsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—48,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhattherecallofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonour49thantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Thesefindingsagreewiththeearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimes50ourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-caloriemilkshakeontwo51occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷尔蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake’s52saiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeeling53whentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-caloriesshake.Whatdoesthismeantooureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltocheatourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenifitoffocusingonourfood,avoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightagainst54whileweareeating.By55mindfuleatingtechniques,youhavetheopportunitytochangeyourcurrenteatinghabitsbybecomingmoreself-awareandintunetoyourbody’shungercues.41. A.quality B.amount C.nutrient D.variety42. A.deliciousness B.hunger C.nutrition D.flavor43. A.occasional B.potential C.external D.biological44.A.environment B.content C.time D.ability45. A.habitual B.purposeful C.unfocused D.absorbed46. A.optional B.visual C.hidden D.flexible47. A.vacancy B.hunger C.supply D.memory 48. A.inotherwords B.asawhole C.byallmeans D.allinall49. A.motive B.growth C.appetite D.health50. A.advocate B.trick C.justify D.enhance 51. A.identical B.alternative C.dependent D.separate 52. A.label B.function C.usage D.material53. A.wiser B.healthier C.happier D.fuller54. A.distress B .waste C.distraction D.fullness 55. A.employing B.perceiving C.clarifying D.assumingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)WhenIstepoutontothedeck,IdefinitelyfeeltheArcticchill.That’snotsurprising.I’magoodhundredmilesinsidetheArcticCircle;infact,youcan’tgetmuchfarthernorthandstillbeinSweden.ThisisAbiskoMountainStation,perhapsthecrownjeweloftheSwedishmountainlodges(小屋).I’mbackforasecondtimetothisremote,scenicspot.LastAutumn,aheavysnowstormtrappedmeinmytentfordaysandeventuallyforcedmetogotothestation,acomfortableplace.IdiscoveredadifferentsidetoAbisko.Peoplecomehereformanyreasons–sometohike,sometoclimb,sometocross-countryski.Butthere’syetanotherentirelydifferentattractionhere.Lookingoutfromthedeckofthetrainstation,aboveahugelake,intheupperskyoftheNorthPole,theAurora,asweoftenrefertothenorthernlight,mixedwithgreenandred,wasgivingoffghostlylight,rollingacrossthedarknightsky.TheAuroramaybeoldhattothosewholivethisfarnorth,butfortherestofusitisanunforgettableexperience.Thelightshereweresoappealingtouswequicklyforgotthediscomfortofthecold.OneoftheattractionsinAbiskoistheTornetrask.It’sahugelake,whichextendsmorethan70kilometreslongjustnorthofthestation,createsanunusualweatherphenomenonthatkeepstheskiesabovethestationclearevenwhenfogorcloudsblanketmostofnorthernSweden.Theskyinthisareaismostlyclearallyeararound.AbiskohasalottooffertomakeitanidealplacetoviewtheAurora.Itisfarfromanycitylights.ThestationoperatesaskilifttothetopofNuoljaPeak,morethan3,000feethigh.Forthefirsttimethisyear,acafeatthetopofthemountainhasbeenturnedintoaviewingplatformfortheNorthernLights,calledtheAuroraSkyStation.Also,thestationpostsforecastseachnightofexpectedAuroraactivity,collectedfromscientificobservationsarrivingviacomputer,sovisitorsmaychoosethebestviewingtime.56. Whatwasthereasonfortheauthor’sfirstvisittothelodge?A.HewentthereinsearchoftheAurora. B.Heneededequipmenttokeephimwarm.C.Hewasforcedtherebytheweather. D.Hehadtomakehisfoodsupplythere.57.Thephrase“oldhat”in3rdparagraphprobablymean“________”.A.severeandstruggling B.familiarandunexcitingC.strangeandshocking D.mysteriousandadventurous58.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorthatmakesAbiskoanidealplacetoviewtheAurora?A.Thereisamountainviewingplatform. B.Weatherforecastsareavailable.C.Therearenocitylightsnearby. D.Thereisacaféshopthere. 59.Theauthor’soverallopinionofAbiskoisthat________.A.despitethesevereweather,it’sanimpressiveplaceB.peoplehaveoverestimateditspopularityC.it’snotaspopularasitdeservestobeD.thecoldweatherworsenstheAuroraviewingexperiencethere(B)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)FourtypesoflearnersTypeALearnerPeopleinthisgroupadaptobservationsintocomplexbutlogicaltheories.Theythinkproblemsthroughinalogicalway.Theytendtobeperfectionistswhowon’tresteasyuntileverythingisreasonable.Theyliketoanalyzeandarekeenonbasicprinciplesandtheories.Theypaygreatattentiontologic,soquestionstheyfrequentlyaskare:“________________”,and“Howdoesthisgowiththat?”.Theytendtobeobjective,approachingproblemsinaconsistentlylogicalmanner.Thisistheir“mentalset”andtheyrejectanythingthatconflictswithit.Theyprefertomaximizecertaintyandfeeluncomfortablewithsubjectivejudgements.TypeBLearnerThesepeoplearekeenontryingoutideas,theoriesandtechniquestoseeiftheyworkinpractice.Theypositivelysearchoutnewideasandtakethefirstopportunitytoexperimentwithapplications.Theywanttotryoutthenewideasinthecoursesinpractice.Theyalsotendtobeimpatientwithrandomdiscussions,andtheirattentionsoonbeginstowanderiftheyfeeltheyaregoingroundincircles.Theyarepractical,downtoearthandlikemakingpracticaldecisionsandsolvingproblems.Theyseeproblemsandopportunitiesasachallenge,andtheirphilosophyis:“Thereisalwaysabetterway”and“Ifitworks,it’sgood”.TypeCLearnerPeopleinthisgroupinvolvethemselvesfullyinnewexperiences.Theyareopen-minded,andthistendstomakethementhusiasticaboutanythingnew.Theirphilosophyis:“I’lltryanythingonce”,sotheytendtoactfirstandconsidertheconsequencesafterwards.Theirdaysarefilledwithactivities.Assoonastheexcitementfromoneactivityhasdieddowntheyarebusylookingforthenext,astheyareonlyinterestedingainingnewexperiencesbutareboredwithcarryingouttheirplansandtheylackperseverance.Theyconstantlyinvolvethemselveswithothersbut,indoingso,theyseektocenterallactivitiesaroundthemselves.TypeDLearnerTheycollectdata,bothfirst-handandfromothers,andprefertothinkaboutitthoroughlybeforecomingtoaconclusion.Thethoroughcollectionandanalysisofdataaboutexperiencesandeventsiswhatcountssotheytendtopostponemakingdefinitivejudgmentsforaslongaspossible.Theirphilosophyistobecautious.Theyliketoconsiderallpossibleanglesbeforemakingamove,andwillbereluctanttobecomeinvolvedinactivitiesthatothersputforwardwithouthavingcarefullyconsideredthelikelyoutcome.60. Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintotheblankinthefirstparagraph? A.Doweneedmoreexperiments? B.Doyouunderstandme? C.Doyoubelievethetheory? D.Doesitmakesense?61. SupposeJohnisapersonwithfreshideasandwillingtocheckeverythingouttoseewhathappens.WhichtypeoflearnerisJohn? A.TypeALearner B.TypeBLearner C.TypeCLearner D.TypeDLearner62. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutTypeDlearner? A.Theyarekeenonmakingimmediateconclusion. B.Theirconclusioncomesafterdataanalysis. C.Theyoutlineapossibleoutcomebeforetakinganactivity. D.Theyprefernottogiveouttheirviewpointsrandomly.(C)Inrecentyears,alotof“businessthinking”bookshavebeenpublished,allofwhichsearchfornewanswersonhowtorunorganizationseffectively.Obliquitytellsusthatthemostprofitablecompaniesarenotthemostaggressiveinchasingprofits.Wikinomicsdemonstratesnewmodelsofproductionbasedoncommunityandcollaboration.PeterMiller’snewbook,SmartSwarm,however,challengeleaderstothinkdifferently.Hestudiedcreatures,likebeesandantsandhefoundtheirhabits,actionsandinstinctscanbeappliedtobusiness.Millerbelieveshisbookisthefirsttimeanyonehasexplainedthesciencebehindmanagementtheory.“Theexamplesofhowantcolonies(蚁群)orbeehives(蜂窝)workareappealingmodelsfororganizationsandsystemsthatcanbeappliedinabusinesscontext,”hesays.Sohowexactlycanbeeshelprunorganizations?“Bythewaytheyworkindependentlybeforetheyworktogether,”Millersays.“Pictureahugebeehivehangingonatree,withabout5,000beescompetingforspace.Theyknowtheirpopulationisgettingtoobig,leavingthemunsafe.Theymustallagreetofindanewhome.Intoday’sbusinessenvironment,managersneedtobeabletomaketherightdecisionsunderintensepressure.Yet,itisclearthatsomeofthebest-paidleadersinsomeofthebiggestorganizationscangetitdramaticallywrong.Howisitthattheycanfailtomakeefficientbusinessdecisionswhenalargegroupofbeescanmakeacriticaldecisionabouttheirhiveinjustafewseconds?”AccordingtoMiller,“swarmtheory”canhelpmanagersinthreesimplesteps:discover,testandevaluate.Thebeesfirstrealizetheyhaveaproblem.Theythenflyintotheneighborhoodtofindpotentialnewsites.Theycomebackandperforma“dance”togetotherbeestofollowthem.Eventually,thebeeswiththebestdanceattractthemostvotes–andadecisionismade.Millersays.“Thebeeexampletellsyouthatyouneedtoseekoutdiversityinyourteam.Youneedtohaveawayofgatheringupquitedifferentideassoyoucanmakesureyoupicktherightone.”Ants,inaddition,canhelpbusinessesorganizeworkflowandpeople.Inanantcolony,thereisnoleader.Antsareself-organized,andrespondtotheirenvironmentandeachother.Oneantonitsowncouldnotraid(袭击)akitchencupboard,butoneanttellingthenextonethatit’sworthfollowinghimtofindfoodendsupcreatingafoodchain.“Inanantcolony,yougettherightnumbergoinginandoutsearchingforfood,yougettherightnumbertakingcareofthebabies,”Millersays.“Asamanager,thiscantellyouthatyourhierarchy(等级制度)isgettinginthewayofgettingtheworkdone.”63. Millerbelieveshisbookdiffersfromother“businessthinking”booksbecause________.

A.itfocusesonmaximizingprofits B.itsupportsthetheorywithevidence

C.itcorrectsfaultsinsimilarbooks D.itjustifiestheprevioustheory64. Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorindicatesthatthebehaviorofbeescanshowmanagershowto________.A.

makeupforwronglymadedecisions B.

justifyexactlywhattherealproblemisC.drawthecorrectconclusionsquickly D.

keeptheteamsafeundergreatpressure65. Accordingtothe“swarmtheory”,managersneedto________. A.regarddecision-makingasacooperativeprocess B.persuadeotherstofollowyourwaysofthinking C.acceptdifferentideasandkeepthembalanced D.pickoutarightpersontomakethefinaldecision66. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A.Leadershipskillscanbedevelopedthroughpracticalwork. B.Employeesworkmoreefficientlywhenorganizedbyleaders. C.Strengthenedhierarchyistheguaranteeofworkefficiency. D.Employeesshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecisions.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.B.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheteenagebrainbecomesanadultbrain.C.However,neurosciencefindingsprovetobehelpfulinmakinganewboundary.D.Childgrowthpattensdifferandhowculturesunderstandchildgrowthissodifferent.E.Somepeoplethinkthisknowledgecanhelpusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults.F.Thisdiscoverymaywellindicatethatneurosciencecanhelpusbetterunderstandtheinterrelationshipamongdifferentages.Neuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsofdecisionmaking,reasoning,comparingriskandreward,etc.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.67.Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.1.Differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.68Thepartofthebrainthathandleslogicalthinkingisusuallyfullydevelopedby16,butthoseinvolvedinself-disciplinearestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thismeanstheymaynothavethesamelevelofemotionalcontrol,whichcanmakethemlessresponsiblefortheiractions.2.69Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatneurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.70Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoneuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingage,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.Ⅳ.SummaryWriting(71)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Withtheriseofurbanism(城市化),andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureismuchrarerthaninthepast.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrainsevolvedinnaturallandscapes.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation,whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilyunfocused.Supportingthistheory,onestudyfrom2009foundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)(注意力缺陷多动症)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.Beingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsrecommendedusingsuch“dosesofnature”asasafeandaccessiblewayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,theactofshapingandstretchingmaterialslikemudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract,knownassensorimotor(感觉运动)development,accordingtothescientistsattheUniversityofPalermo,Italy.Thisallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Giventheknownpsychologicalbenefits,manyday-carecentersandschoolsarealreadyencouraginggreatercontactwithnature:outdoorlessons,regularnaturewalksandtheconstructionofmudkitchensthatencouragechildrentoplayinthedirt.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.考虑到学生的实际需求，学校餐厅周末向学生开放。(open)73.教练和运动员为决赛做了详细的训练计划，对冠军志在必得。(determine)74.这家饭店对所有客人热情相迎，消费再低也不会被另眼相待。(nomatter)75.这个街区缺乏健身设施的问题引起了当地政府高度关注，已筹措资金将一幢废弃的厂房改建成一座老少咸宜的运动中心。(attention)Ⅵ.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishco