新概念第三册课文精读详解4

Lesson13Hfsonlyme,"是我，别害怕”

一、［Text］课文

Afterherhusbandhadgonetowork,MrsRichardssentherchildrentoschooland

wentupstairstoherbedroom.Shewastooexcitedtodoanyhouseworkthat

morning,forintheeveningshewouldbegoingtoafancydresspartywithher

husband.Sheintendedtodressupasaghostandasshehadmadehercostumethe

nightbefore,shewasimpatienttotryiton.Thoughthecostumeconsistedonlyof

asheet,itwasveryeffective.Afterputtingiton,MrsRichardswentdownstairs.She

wantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortabletowear.

JustasMrsRichardswasenteringthedining-room,therewasaknockonthefront

door.Sheknewthatitmustbethebaker.Shehadtoddhimtocomestraightinif

evershefailedtoopenthedoorandtoleavethebreadonthekitchentable.Not

wantingtofrightenthepoorman,MrsRichardsquicklyhidinthesmallstore-room

underthestairs.Sheheardthefrontdooropenandheavyfootstepsinthehall.

Suddenlythedoorofthestore-roomwasopenedandamanentered.MrsRichards

realizedthatitmustbethemanfromtheElectricityBoardwhohadcometoreadthe

meter.Shetriedtoexplainthesituation,saying1It'sonlyme',butitwastoolate.

Themanletoutacryandjumpedbackseveralpaces.WhenMrsRichardswalked

towardshim,hefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生词和短语

♦costumen.化装服

♦consistv.由…组成

♦sheetn.被单

♦effectiveadj.有明显效果的，有作用的

♦comfortableadj.舒适的

♦streroomn.储藏室

♦electricityn.电

♦metren.电表

♦pacen.一步

♦fleev.逃走

♦slamv.砰地关上

♦costumen.化装服

costumeball化妆舞会

costumeparty

fancy（dress）party

suit西服,西装

dress裙子

♦consistv.由…组成

consistof-•由..组成（表示被动概念）==bemadeupof==comprise==becomposed

of（强调由什么成分所构成）

Eg:Ourclassconsistof100students.

TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofG.B.andNorthernIreland.

Thehouseconsistsofsixrooms.

becomposedof----

Wateriscomposedofoxygenandhydrogen.

constitutev.一—•由部分构成整体

Thecommitteeconsistsof10members.=Tenmembersconstitutethecommittee.

♦sheetn.被单

♦effectiveadj.有明显效果的，有作用的

Thecostumeisquiteeffective.

Hiswordswaseffective.

influential:有潜移默化影响力的

Whatourparentsdoisinfluentialtochildren.

efficacious:（医药）有效的，灵验的

Thedrugisefficacious.

fruitful:有成效的

Theirexperimentisfruitful.

♦comfortableadj.舒适的

反义词：uncomfortable

comfortn.舒适adj.安慰

discomfortn.不舒适

Inspiteofdiscomfortsheisdeterminedtostayhere.

♦streroomn.储藏室

♦electricityn.电

♦metren.电表

♦pacen.一步

♦flee(fled,fled)v.逃走

flee:(vt.)(vi.)(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的境地

Eg:Thepeoplefledinpanicwhenthebullgotloose.

escape:逃出监狱，逃出牢笼

vt.逃掉，逃出

Eg:Hewasabletoescapefromthehouse.

Iamsorryyournameescapedme.很抱歉，我忘记你的名字「。

Theytriedtoescapedeath.

♦slamv.砰地关上

slamthedoor.

同义词：bang

三、【课文精析】

too...to…太...而不能

不定式t。,在大部分情况下，表示否定概念。

not/nevertoo...to...：并不太…所以能够

Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老

Thequestionisnottoodifficultformetoanswer.

如果在副词too前发现修饰语all,butonly,不定式to的概念也是肯定的

Eg:Theyarealltoosatisfiedtoworkwithyou.他们都非常满意很想和你•起工作

Iamonlytoogladtohavesomeonetospeakto.我太高兴了，很想找个人说话

Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他太急于要叵I家了。

intendedto=meanto:有什么打算，意图

dressupas:化妆成为

thenightbefore:前•个晚上(以过去的某•个时间为基准点)

lastnight:昨天晚上(以现在为基准点)

Thenightbeforeshegoteverythinbgready.

Shewasimpatient(eager,anxious)totryiton.

beimpatienttodosth:急于要做某事，迫不及待

=eager,anxious,hungry,thirsty,despereat,can'twait(口)

更焦急的情况用desperate(bedesperatetodosth),口语中用can't

wait.(can'twaittodosth)

tryon:试穿

Afterputtingiton:穿上以后

动词不定式towear,用来修饰说明comfortable,作它的状语

Thebookisdifficulttoread.

Thedressiseasytowash.

Yourhandwritingiseasytorecognize.

itwouldbecomfortable(forher)towear.

Itiseasyformetoread

主动形式--------表达被动概念

Themusicissweettohear.

Themachineneedsrepairing

“需要……”被动概念,用need,want和动名词形式直接搭配

Eg:Thedictionaryisworthbuying.

Thebookisworthreading.

Thehouseisunderconstruction

Thepumaisundercontrol.

Theproblemisunderdiscussion.

Thethiefisunderarrest.

介词under可以表达被动的意味

Eg:Theairportcameintouseagain.

cameintouse:不及物动词短语

Ourtimehasalreadygonetowaste.（浪费掉,付诸东流）

Sheisarespectableperson.（被尊敬的人）

-able形容词后缀，跟在动词后表达“能够被…的“

Thisisareturmablebottle.

“由..所组成”：consistof,comprise本身表达被动概念，结构形式为主动。

therewasaknockonthefrontdoor:人有敲门

comein:进来

straight:直接地，径直地

ifever-・・ever用语条件句,表示任何时候，任何场合==whenever

Eg:IfeveryouseeGeorgegivehimmybestregards.

WheneverheisintroubleI'llbeonthespot.

Notwanting-—一分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语。多用于句首，也可插入句中，主谓之间。

Eg:Notwantingtomakehernervous,thedoctordidn'tfullyexplaintheseriousness

ofhercondition.

=Thedoctor,notwantingtomakehernervous,didn'tfullyexplainthe

seriousnessofhercondition.

readthemetre:查电表

saying--现在分词做伴随状语

letoutacry大叫了一声===utter/giveacry.

letout发出==give

shout高呼，高喊，有目的的

shouttosb对某人高声喊

shoutatsb对某人大喊大叫

Lesson14Anoblegangster贵族歹徒

一、［Text］课文

TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopandbusinessesinChicagohadtopay

largesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection'.Ifthemoneywasnot

paidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroying

hisshop.Obtaining'protechonmoney'isnotamoderncrime.Aslongagoasthe

fourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madetheremarkable

discoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlife

workdestroyedbygangsters.

Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohnHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiers

andsettlednearFlorence.Hesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknown

totheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancity-stateswereatwarwith

eachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopay

thehighpricehedemanded.Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwood

andhismenwouldmarchintoacity-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,

wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.Hawkwoodmadelarge

sumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortof

hero.Whenhediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneral

andhadapicturepaintedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliant

soldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue1.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生词和短语

♦gangstern.歹徒，强盗

♦Chicagon.芝加哥（美国城市）

♦protectionn.保护

♦promptlyadv.准时地

♦destroyV.毁掉；消灭

♦remarkableadj.不寻常的

♦bandn.帮，团伙

♦Florencen,佛罗伦萨（意大利城市）

♦city-staten.（古代）城邦

♦hirev.租出，雇给

♦princen.君主，诸侯

♦Florentinen.佛罗伦萨人

♦funeraln.葬礼

♦dedicatev.奉献，题献给

♦memoryn.纪念

♦valiantadj.英勇的

★gangstern.歹徒，强盗

abandofgangsters一伙强盗

robber抢劫犯，抢劫者；

bandit强盗，土匪

brigand（书面用语）强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇

hooligan流氓，不良分了

hoodlum（口语）罪犯，恶汉

rascal（口语）淘气，捣蛋鬼

★Chicagon.芝加哥（美国城市）

★protectionn.保护

protectionmoney保护费

tectfrom

Wemustprotectoureyesfromthesunshine.

protectiveadj.保护的

protectorn.保护者

protegen.被保护者

★promptlyadv.准时地

Igivehimaringandhecallmebackpromptly.

Hewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.

ontime准时/intime及时

punctuallyadv.守时地

★destroyv.毁掉；消灭

destroy强调毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁

Eg:Theearthquakedestroyedthecity./Youdestroyedhisdream.

damage强受损程度不很严重，可以被修复

break强调弄坏，弄断

Twoofthestringswerebroken.

spoil强调把事情搅和了

Eg:spoiltheparty./spoiltheholiday

★remarkableadj.不寻常的

remarkableadj.:unusual;uncomon;extraordinary

aremarkableevent不同寻常的事件

anextraordinaryevent

outstandingadj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的

Eg:Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth,

distinguishedadj.杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的

eminentadj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

Eg:adistinguishedphysicist;aneminentsurgeon;aneminentjudge;a

distinguishedlawyer

以上都可以用来修饰那些在严肃领域的人，比如科学，医学等等

well-knowadj.强调众所周知的

famousadj.因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的

Eg:Sheiswell-knowninthemusicalworld./Thisiswell-knownfact.

Heisafamousmoviestar./Luxunisfamousforhisarticles.

notoriousadj.臭名昭著的，臭名远扬的；befamousforbadthings

infarmousadj.声名狼藉的（语气较弱）

rnownedadj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名

Eg:Hangzhouisrenownedforitsbeautiful...

★bandn.帮，团伙

abandofrobbers一伙强盗

mobn.表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派

amobofhooligans一伙流氓

gangn.一伙agangofthieves

nestn.窝；anestofbandits

packn.团伙、帮派；apackofhoodlums

★Florencen.佛罗伦萨（意大利城市）

★city-staten.（古代）城邦

★hirev.租出，雇给

hire;rent;let;employ

hireout;rentout租给

Eg:Doesthisfirmhireoutcars?这家公司出租汽车吗？

rentout租给，雇给：主要强调出租房屋

Eg:Herentouthishousetoatourist.

let出租房屋：lethishouse/pleaseletyourhousetome。

hirefrom/rentfrom租进来

Eg:Hehiredacarfromus./IrentaroomformMrs.Johnson.

hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者

employ指长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者

Weemployedherasouradvisor.

Thefactoryemployed500workers.

Hehiredtwohelpers.他雇佣了两个临时帮手。

★princen.君主，诸侯

★Florentinen.佛罗伦萨人

★funeraln.葬礼

★dedicatev.奉献，题献给

dedicateto奉献给——比devote更为正式而庄重

Eg:Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.

Idevotemytimetohelpingmystudents.

Hededicateshislifetohismotherland.

Hededicatedhislifetoscience.

putsbofbusiness使某人失业

putsb/sthoutof.使某人失去...

Eg:Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.

putitoutofyourmind忘记这件事情吧!=forgetit.

★valiantadj.英勇的

braveadj.勇敢的

Theboyisbrave.

Duringwar,soldiersarevaliant.

fearlessadj.大无畏的，无所畏惧的

Wearefearlessintimeofdanger.

courageousadj.有胆量的，有勇气的

★memoryn.纪念

Youhaveagoodmemory.

inmemoryof/tothememoryof

Eg:ifmymemoryservesmewell,you'reTom.如果我没记错的话，你是Tom。

三、【课文精析】

paylargesumsofmoneytosb.向某人付大笔大笔的费用

inreturnfor目的是为了换取…作为对…的回报

Eg:Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.

when引导状语从句修饰time

Eg:Therewasatimewhenminiskirtwasinfashion.

promptly:innediately

putamanoutoutofbusiness:使某人失业

putsb./sth.outof...使某人失去...

Eg:Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.

Youhavealreadyputeverythingoutoforder.

putitoutofyourmind忘记这件事情吧

Obtaining...

obtaining:getting

aslongagoas追溯回到：datingbackto/datefrom

Eg.:IknewJaneaslongagoastheyear1980.

Keysentence:

Johnhawkwood'sdiscoverywasquiteremarkable.

maketheremarkablediscovery做出不同寻常的发现

wouldratherdosththandosth宁愿而不

Eg.:Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.

Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.

==wouldprefertodo.....thando

==wouldpreferdoing....iodoing

Eg.:Hewouldprefertodiethansurrender.

Hewouldpreferdyingtosurrendering.

wouldrather:sooner+that从句（过去式）

Eg:Iwouldratherthatyouwerenothere.我宁愿你不在这儿。

Eg:IwouldratherthatIdidn'tseeyou.我宁愿没见到你。

lifework毕生的事业

Eg.:Iwanttohavethetreecutdown.

Sixhundredyearsago...

abandof.....一伙......

settlednearFlorence定居在Florence附近

makeanameforhimself===becomefamous

Eg.:Theysoonmadequiteanameforthemselvesaspopsingers.

cometo/getto渐渐的

cometobeknown渐渐的被人所熟知

Eg.:Icometobeknowntomystudents.

Igottoknowhim.

whenever无论什么时候

atwar交战atwarwith与….交战

hire表示出租

who指代prince

hedemanded:Hawkwooddemanded

intimesofpeace在和平期间

intimesof..…在….期间

marchinto大踏步行军

wouldoffertodo===wouldpromisetodo

burndown烧毁/burnup烧光/burnout烧空

Eg.:thehousewasburnedoutonly...

inspiteofthis尽管如此

givesb.astatefuneral给某人举行国葬

Lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble

五十便士的麻烦

一、［Text］课文

Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Father,ofcourse,providesa

regularsupplyofpocket-money,butunclesandauntsarealwaysasourceofextra

income.Withsomechildren,smallsumsgoalongway.Ifsixpencesarenot

exchangedforsweets,theyrattleformonthsinsidemoney-boxes.Onlyverythrifty

childrenmanagetofillupamoney-box.Formostofthem,sixpenceisasmallprice

topayforasatisfyingbarofchocolate.

Mynephew,George,hasamoney-boxbutitisalwaysempty.Veryfewofthe

sixpencesIhavegivenhimhavefoundtheirwaythere.Igavehimsixpence

yesterdayandadvisedhimtosaveit.Instead,heboughthimselfsixpenceworthof

trouble.Onhiswaytothesweetshop,hedroppedhissixpenceanditrolledalong

thepavementandthendisappeareddownadrain.Georgetookoffhisjacket,rolled

uphissleevesandpushedhisrightarmthroughthedraincover.Hecouldnotfind

hissixpenceanywhere,andwhatismore,hecouldnotgethisarmout.Acrowdof

peoplegatheredroundhimandaladyrubbedhisarmwithsoapandbutter,but

Georgewasfirmlystuck.Thefire-brigadewascalledandtwofiremenfreedGeorge

usingaspecialtypeofgrease.Georgewasnottooupsetbyhisexperiencebecause

theladywhoownsthesweetshopheardabouthistroublesandrewardedhimwith

alargeboxofchocolates.

二、(Newwordsandexpressions)生词和短语

♦appreciatev.欣赏，感激

♦pocketmoney零用钱

♦rattlev.格格作响

♦thriftyadj.节俭的

♦nephewn.侄子，外甥

♦bouncev.弹起，跳起

♦pavementn.人行道

♦stick(stuck,stuck)v.卡住，夹住，不能再动

♦brigaden.旅，(消防)队

♦greasen.润滑油

♦appreciatev.欣赏，感激

Eg.:Thepoemistoodifficultformetoappreciate.

Iappreciateyourhelp.=bethankful/gratefultosb.

♦pocketmoney零用钱

beermoney:留给丈夫的零花钱

madmoney:妇子留作应急之用的私房钱

greenmoney:美金

soft/foldingmoney:纸币，钞票

hardmoney:硬币

♦rattlev.格格作响

♦thriftyadj.节俭的

同义词：economical

♦nephewn,侄子，外甥

♦bouncev.弹起，跳起

Thecoinwasbounced.

同义词：jump（跳跃），leap（跃），hop（单足跳），spring（弹跳；n.弹簧），skip（跳跃;

略过）

♦pavementn.人行道

♦stick（stuck,stuck）v.卡住，夹住，不能再动

stick:不能跳跃，卡住；坚持，粘贴

Eg.:Youmuststicktoyouridea.

Stickthestampontheenvelop.

stickwith:忠实于....（=befaithfulto）

Hisarmwasstuck.他的胳膊被卡住了。

♦brigaden.旅，（消防）队

firebrigade:消防队

=firedepartment

=firestation

♦greasen.润滑油

三、【课文精析】

Keysentence:

Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.孩子们总是喜欢得到些零花钱。

Keysentence:

Husbandsalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofbeermoney.

providearegularsupplyof..定期地提供……

providesth.forsb./providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物品

asourceofextraincome

smallgiftsofmoney

pocketmoney

extraincome

goalongway可以买很多东西，维持很久

Eg:Themoneywehavewillgoalongway.

goalongwaytowards:*j——大有帮助

Eg:Thiswillgoalongwaytowardsovercomingthedifficulty.

Withfrugalhousewives,theymadetheirsmallincomegoalongway.

介词With和For的区别：“对于.…来说”

介词for-—一“关于，对于・・・・・来说，考虑到..…的事实”

Eg.:TheweatherisquitewarmforNovember.

Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.

介词with・・・・“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比较）

Eg.:Withsomepeople,pleasureismoreimportantthanwork.

Somepeoplemayacceptthatexcuse,butitwon'tworkwithme.

pence:便士（penny便士的复数；pennies）

afiftypence:一个五十便士的硬币

afiftypenies:五十个一便士的硬币

rattle:叮当作响==tinkle

roar:呼啸（重点突出老虎、狮子等大动物的鸣叫声）

shoutat:大喊大叫=barkat

heisgrunting.咕哝的，哼哼唧唧的

slam:砰的一声

fillup:装满

1.up■•一表示方向

t。一■•目的地、说话者所在处

upto—表不到达目的地

towards—一—表示朝某个方向

2.表示沿着，走向更远的地方，侧重强调距离更远了

Theywalkedupthestreet.

Thechildrenrunupthegardenpathtogreettheirfather.

3.系列动词+up--表示消费，摧毁，彻底，光，用完

Drinkupyourwhisky.

Eatupyourvegetable.

Finishitup.

burnup

useup用光

4.表示积存，从少到多，积少成多

Wemustlayupsomeboiledfoodforthewinter.

=storeup,holdup,gatherup

5.表示从河的上游到下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点

TheyaresailinguptheThames.

Thehouseisuptheriver.

6.动词+up■一•表示包起来、封住、盖住

buttonup扣上钮扣

wrapup包裹起来

lockup锁上lockthehouseup

fastenup栓起来

saveup赚钱

washup洗碗盆

doup包扎，包装，系好

fiftypenceisasmallprice=fiftypenceisnotmuch:装满

fiftypenceisnotmuchtopay

asmallprice=notmuchmoney:并不是彳艮多

Forhim,twothousanddollarsisasmallpricetopayforit.

Forme,fivehaudredyuanisnotasmallpricetopayforabicycle.

findtheirwaythere=reach抵达，到达，找到自己的去处

Riversfindtheirwaytothesea.

Howdidsuchafoolishstatementfinditswayintoprint.这样愚蠢的话怎么会印出来

呢。

Allmybookshavealreadyfoundtheirwaythere.

advise:建议

advisesb.todosth.:说服某人做某事（失败的结果）

persuadesb.todosth.:说服某人做某事（成功的结果）

instead：相反的是

fiftypenceworthoftrouble:五十便士的麻烦

系列的动词构成平行结构：takeoff,rolledup,push

rollvi.滚动；vt.滚动

vi.Thepencilrolledunderthetable.

vt.Herolledtheballtowardsthepuppy.

rollup:卷起，挽起

Wewillneedtorollupthecarpet.

what引导的插入语

whatismoreimportant更重要的是

whatisworse更糟糕的是

whatismore甚者

whatisrare更罕见的是

Eg.:Hewenttothemeeting,andwhatwasworse,insistonspeaking.

gatherround聚在周围

rubbedhisarmwithsth....用...涂抹

firmly:坚定的，稳固的（加强语气）

using---现在分词做状语，强调•种方式

reward...with:用…来奖赏某人

Lesson16Maryhadalittlelamb

玛丽有一头小羔羊

一、［Text］课文

MaryandherhusbandDimitrilivedinthetinyvillageofPerachorainsouthern

Greece.OneofMary'sprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusband

hadgivenher.Shekeptittiedtoatreeinafieldduringthedayandwenttofetch

iteveryevening.Oneevening,however,thelambwasmissing.Theropehadbeen

cut,soitwasobviousthatthelambhadbeenstolen.

WhenDimitricameinfromthefields,Hiswifetoldhimwhathadhappened.Dimitriat

oncesetouttofindthethief.Heknewitwouldnotprovedifficultinsuchasmall

village.Aftertellingseveralofhisfriendsaboutthetheft,Dimitrifoundoutthathis

neighbour,Aleko,hadsuddenlyacquiredanewlamb.Dimitriimmediatelywentto

Aleko'shouseandangrilyaccusedhimofstealingthelamb.Hetoldhimhehad

betterreturnitorhewouldcallthepolice.AlekodeniedtakingitandledDimitriinto

hisback-yard.Itwastruethathehadjustboughtalamb,heexplained,buthislamb

wasblack.Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekofor

havingaccusedhim.WhiletheyweretalkingitbegantorainandDimitristayedin

Aleko'shouseuntiltherainstopped.Whenhewentoutsidehalfanhourlater,he

wasastonishedtofindthatthelittleblacklambwasalmostwhite.Itswool,which

hadbeendyedblack,hadbeenwashedcleanbytherain!

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生词和短语

♦prizeadj.珍贵的，宝贵的

♦tiev.拴，系

♦theftn.偷盗案

♦accusev.指控

♦denyv.否认

♦ashamedadj.感到羞耻，惭愧

♦apologiz