高中英语人教版必修三教学案：Unit-4-Section-1-含答案

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．astronomyA．学说；理论2．systemB．猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的3．theoryC．大气层；气氛4．violentD．基本的；基础的5．atmosphereE．乘；增加6．fundamentalF．谜；(使)迷惑7．harmfulG．存在；生存8．multiplyH．有害的9．existI．天文学10．puzzleJ．系统；体系；制度答案：1～5IJABC6～10DHEGFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thetruthwillcometolightintime.迟早2．Asweknow,layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull­timejob.下蛋3．Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nobodycanpreventherfromcarryingouttheplan.阻止4．Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.轮到5．Janehasjustgivenbirthtotwins,sohermothermustbeinthehospitallookingafterhernow.分娩6．Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.对……(来说)是基本的Ⅰ.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthandlifebegan,butancientlegends(传说)maytellussomethingaboutit.Lookatthefollowingpicturesandfillintheblanks.D．Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.2．Whyareplantsimportantontheearth?A．Theyproduceoxygenforanimals.B．Theyprovidetheshadeforanimals.C．Theyprovideabeautifulscene.D．Theyprotectthesoilfrombeingdestroyed.3．Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?①Thecleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.②The“BigBang”．③Smallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.④65millionyearsago,theageofthedinosaursended.A．②①③④B．④③①②C．②④③①D．②③④①4．Earlyhumansappearedafterdinosaursdiedout________millionyearslater.A．67.6B．62.4C．65D．140答案：1～4CADBⅢ.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.[尝试翻译]没有人确切地知道地球的起源，因为那是很久以前的事了。2．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[尝试翻译]随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38－45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。3．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[句式分析]这是一个复杂的句子。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。[尝试翻译] 更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[尝试翻译]所以在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。[对应学生课下能力提升(十三)]阅读理解AOfalltheplanets,nonehascaptured(吸引)theworld'simaginationlikeMars.Itsreddish(淡红的)colorandchangesinbrightnessovertimemaketheplanetanunforgettablesight.InCosmos,thetelevisionscienceseriesfromthe1980s,scientistCarlSagantalkedaboutsometraditionalideasaboutMars.SomeoftheseideasarefromtheEnglishsciencefictionwriterH．G.Wells'TheWaroftheWorlds.OthersarefromthemistakenscienceofPercivalLowell,theAmericanastronomerwhobelievedintelligentbeingslivedonMars.WellsdescribedMartiansasthreatening.Lowellimaginedthemasthehopefulengineersofgreatworks.CarlSagansaidthatbothideasinfluencedthepublicdeeply.Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformationfromspacecraftsthathaveorbited(沿轨道运行),landedonanddugintotheMartiansurface.TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”offeredachanceforpeopleofallagestotouchMars,oratleastapieceofit.AllisonandAlyciafromSilverSpring,Maryland,broughttheirchildren,Grace,Sam,RyanandEmma.TheyheardaboutMarsanditsgeologyfromexperts.TheycouldseeatestversionoftheVikinglandersthatreachedMarsinJulyof1976.Theyalsosawmeteorites(陨星)knowntohavecomefromthered,orreddishplanet.Eight­year­oldSamlearnedthattheancientdescriptionofMarsasredisnotexactlyright.Hesaid，“It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown.”Emmaissix.ShelearnedaboutthevolcanicactivitythathasshapedthesurfaceofMars.Shesaid，“TheclosestthingtoMars—thestuff—isfromvolcanoesmostly.”“MarsDay”offeredAllisonandAlycia'schildrenachancetolearnmoreaboutaworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes.语篇解读：在“火星日”，人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．WhyMartianswereconsideredthreatening.B．WhyMarshascapturedtheworld'simagination.C．WhatpeoplegenerallythoughtofMarsinthepast.D．HowH．G.Wellsgottheideaforhissciencefiction.解析：选C段落大意题。通读第二段，可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。2．ItisimpliedinParagraph3that________．A．today'sspacescientistsstillknownothingaboutMarsB．today'sspacescientistsareveryinterestedinMarsC．sciencefictionfilmsarenolongersetinMarsD．spacescientistshaven'tmadeanyprogressinknowingMars解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.”以及后一句“Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformation...”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。3．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardtheideathathumanswillsetfootonMars?A．Hethinksitmayhappeninthisyear.B．Hethinksitwillalwaysremainadream.C．Hethinksitwillcometruewithinhundredsofyears.D．Hethinksitmayhappeninthefollowingdecades.解析：选D观点态度题。根据末段的“aworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。4．TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”mightNOTofferpeopleachanceto________．A．learnaboutthesurfaceofMarsB．seeatestversionofsomeVikinglandersC．seemeteoritesknowntohavecomefromMarsD．sitinaspacecrafttoexperiencethelifeofanastronaut解析：选D细节理解题。通读全文，可知作者并没有提到在火星日，前往参观的人可以坐在宇宙飞船里体验宇航员的生活，故选D。BWhenIarrivedat6aminthehospitalkitchen,Rosewasalreadycheckingnametags(标签)onthetrays(托盘)．“Hi,I'mJanet.”Itriedtosoundcheerful,althoughIalreadyknewRose'sreputationforbeingimpossibletoworkwith.“I'mscheduledtoworkwithyouthisweek.”Rose,amiddle­agedwoman,stoppedwhatshewasdoingandlookedcloselyoverherreadingglasses.Icouldtellfromherexpressionshewasn'tpleasedtoseeastudentworker.“Whatdoyouwantmetodo?Startthecoffee？”Iasked.Rosenoddedandwentbacktocheckingnametags.Ifilledthe40­cuppotwithcoldwaterandbeganmakingcoffeewhenRoseyelled,“That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！”Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.Backathome,Istayedaloneinmyroom,fightingbacktears.Ithought,“Maybeshedidn'tfeelwell.Maybeshehadsometrouble.”Idecidedtoforgiveherandtrytogetalongwithher.Thenextmorning,IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible.Overthenextfewdaysanamazingthingbegantohappen.Myfocusshiftedfromwhatshewasdoingtome,andIstartedseeingRoseasthepersonshewashurting.Theicytensionbegantomeltaway.Throughouttherestofthesummer,wehadnumerousopportunitiestoworktogether.Eachtimesheseemedhappytoseeme.AsIworkedwiththislonelywoman,Ilistenedtoher—somethingnooneelsehaddone.Ilearnedthatshewasburdenedbyelderlyparentswhoneededhercareandherownhealthproblems.ThatsummerIlearnedalessonI'veneverforgotten.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeRose—annoying,demanding,unlovable—yethurtinginside.I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者通过暑期兼职经历领悟到要善待不好相处的人。5．WhatwasRose'sattitudetowardstheauthorthefirstdaytheymet?A．Polite.B．Curious.C．Dissatisfied.D．Unashamed.解析：选C推理判断题。由第六段末的“Roseyelled‘That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！’Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.”可推断，Rose与作者认识的当天对作者很不满意。6．Aftergettinghomefromworkthefirstday,theauthor________．A．wasverytiredB．feltquiteupsetC．wasprettylonelyD．feltgenerallyunwell解析：选B细节理解题。由第七段中的“fightingbacktears”可知，作者在第一天工作完回家后感到很不开心。7．WhatdidtheauthordoafterherfirstdayofworkingwithRose?A．ShehurtRose.B．ShehelpedRose.C．SheignoredRose.D．ShetoleratedRose.解析：选D细节理解题。由第八段中的“IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible”可知，与Rose第一天合作后，作者开始包容Rose。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Neverjudgebyappearances.B．Friendshipislovewithunderstanding.C．Misfortunestestthesincerityoffriends.D．Manhasnotagreaterenemythanhimself.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后两段尤其是文章末句“I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.”可知，作者对Rose采取了包容的态度后两人关系变得和谐，作者逐渐理解了Rose，且两人最终成为了朋友。据此可推断，友谊就是爱和理解。CItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇)wouldimplode(内爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest­divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,deep­watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4，000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction(科幻小说).Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.语篇解读：本文是议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。9．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。10．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.解析：选B观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.”可知，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。11．Whydoweneedtoexplorethesea?A．Seaexplorationischeaperthaneverbefore.B．Wehaveexploredlessthan5%ofthesea.C．Itwillhelpimproveourfuturelife.D．Itwillbenefitspaceexploration.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“theresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy”可知，海洋探索将造福人类。12．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点出自己的观点：“Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.”，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。[课文对译]HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecametoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsint