2022-2023年安徽省滁州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年安徽省滁州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

2.FourMinutesthatGetYouHired

BayStateralwayswantstobeateacher.Withthehelpoffriendswhoteachatschool,shelandedaninterviewwiththeprinciple."Inoticedatinyruninmystockingthatmorning,"sherecalls."Ithoughtaboutchanging,butIknewI'dbelateifIdid.Butlatertherunstretchedfrommyankletomyknee.Iapologizedfornotlookingmybest."Finally,thewould-beteacherdidn'tgetherjob.

Firstimpressionsareoftenlastingones.Indeed,ifyouplaythecardright,youcanenjoythebenefitsofthe"haloeffect".Thismeansifyouareviewedpositivelywithinthecriticalfirstfourminutes,thepersonyouhavemetwilllikelyassumeeverythingyoudoispositive.

Fourminutes!Studiestellusthat'sthecrucialperiodinwhichimpressionsareformedbysomeonewe'vejustmet.Withinameretenseconds,thatpersonwillbegintomakejudgmentsaboutourprofessionalism,socialclass,moralsandintelligence.Peopletendtofocusonwhattheysee(dress,eyecontact,movement),onwhattheyhear(howfastandslowwetalk,ourvoicetoneandvolume),andonouractualwords.

Bungleafirstencounter,andinmanycasestheinterviewerwillmistakenlyassumeyouhavealotofothernegativetraits.Worse,heorshemaynottakethetimetogiveyouasecondchance.

Mostemployersbelievethatthosewholookasiftheycareaboutthemselvesaremorelikelytocareabouttheirjobs.Weknow"it'swhat'sinsidethatcounts",butresearchshowsthatphysicallyattractivepeoplearegenerallyperceivedbyprospectiveemployersasmoreintelligent,likableandtrustworthy.Yourgoalshouldbetocomeacrossinthebestpossiblelight--attractiveinthewayyoudress,inyourgesturesandfacialexpressionsandinyourspeech.

Here'showtomakethosecrucialfourminutescount:

LookyourbestItsignalssuccess.Studieshavelinkedclothingconsciousnesstohigherself-esteemandjobsatisfaction.AndonestudyfundedbytheClairolCorporationfoundthatitpays,literally,toprojectaprofessionalimage.JudithWaters,aprofessoratFairleighDickinsonUniversityinNewJersey,sentoutidenticalresumewitheithera"before"oran"after"photographofhypotheticaljobcandidatestoover300companies.Watersaskedthemtodetermineastartingsalaryforeachcandidate.Theresult?Salariesare8to20percenthigherforthosewhoseresumeshavebeenaccompaniedbythephotowithanupgradedimage.

Yetmanypeoplefailtounderstandtheimportanceofprojectingaprofessionalimage.Forexample,a32-year-oldinWashington,D.C.,workedfortenyearsasanadministrativeassistantinalargeaccountingfirm.Whentheofficemanagerretiredlastyear,sheappliedfortheposition.Shewasn'tevengrantedaninterview.

"Ithoughtitwasanoversight,soIaskedthedirectorofpersonnelwhathappened,"shesays."HetoldmeIdidn'tfittheimageofanofficemanger.HesuggestedIchangemywardrobe--getridofmyneon-coloredskirtsanddanglingearrings--beforeIappliedagainforanotherposition.Iwasshocked.Idoagreatjob,andthewayIdressshouldn'thaveanybearing.Myclothesreflectmypersonalstyle."

Forgetaboutpersonalstyle.Atwork,yourclothesmustconveythemessagethatyouarecompetent,reliableandauthoritative.

Dressforthejobyouwant,notthejobyouhave.Ifyouarescheduledforaninterviewatacompanyyou'venevervisitedandaren'tsurewhattowear,sendforanannualreportandstudywhattheemployeespicturedarewearing,ordropbyaheadoftimetoseehowtheydress.

MonitoryourbodylanguageHowyoumoveandgesturewillgreatlyinfluenceaninterviewer'sfirstimpressionofyou.Inastudyofcommunications,PsychologistAlbertMehrabiandiscoveredthatsevenperce

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

EuropeanandotherlanguageswerespokenbytheearliestinhabitantsofEngland.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

MakingsurethatBluetoothanditsconnecteddevicesdon'tinterferewithoneanothercanbedifficult.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Elderlypeopletendtohavelower______thanyuongeradults.

6.

Theglaciershavebeenenteringoceansatahigherratethanbefore.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Accordingtothewriter,mostofthecultureshockhappenswhenhe______.

A.wentintotheclassroomafterwork

B.leftclassandwentbacktowork

C.participatedinagroupproject

D.tookinacollegesportsevent

8.Inthehappinesspiechart,errorfactorsaccountfor10percent.

9.

Todayadoptionadvocatesthinkbirthcultureplaysanimportantroleinraisingchildrenfromadifferentrace.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

BeforePiaAbolagotapositionattheMSI,shespentathome______.

A.twoyearsB.threeyearsC.fouryearsD.fiveyears

11.

Mr.TataretiredpeoplerunningthemainTatabusinessesinorderto______.

A.mitigatetheblow

B.sellstakesinsomecompanies

C.strengthencontrolofcompanies

D.makethemanagementofportfolioeasier

12.

Preventing"dangerous"climatechangeneedsjointeffortsofbothindustrializedcountriesand______.

13.Onlineservicedeliveryofonecompanycanbesuppliedthroughnetworkofanotherthanksto______.

14.

_______________carriesthesameburdenofpermanence,expressedthistimeinanegativeway.

15.

AccordingtoJohnHallam,whoshouldberesponsiblefortheharmdonebyrobotsinthefuturewillnotbeso______asitisnow.

16.

Theauthorwasquiteproudof______thatmorningofinterview.

17.

FedExExpresswasaninstantsuccessafterthecompanywassetupin1971.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

InThailand,themostpopularsecondlanguagenowadaysisChinese.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Geneticengineeringtechnologyishelpfultoimprovepeople'shealthconditions.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

RuthJarvisrecommendsridingonahorseasmuchaspossiblebecauseitgivesyoumoreopportunitiestodiscoverthelocalcultureandgetasenseofacity'slayout.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B7】

22.

【B3】

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Sheiseagertobeacceptedbytheuniversity.

B.SheiswaitingtoseeifshecouldgetthejobfromCole's.

C.SheisexpectingtoseeifColewouldlendhersomecash.

D.Shehasnoideaaboutwhethershecanaffordtheuniversitytuition.

24.

【B11】

25.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Jazzbeganintheearly20thcenturyasakindofmusicofblackAmericans.Itwas【B1】______forsinging,fordancing,andforentertainmentandatmosphereatpartiesorsocial【B2】______.

JazzhascontinuedtodevelopandhasproducedsomeoftheUnitedStates'leadingsingers,instrumentalists,and【B3】______.Today,it's【B4】______bymanytobeAmerica'sartmusic.Ithasalso【B5】______almosteveryotherkindofmusicinAmerica,Europe,andeventhe【B6】______.

Jazzrepresentsa【B7】______ofmusicalelementsfromAfricaandfromEurope.JazzusessomeEuropeanideasof【B8】______andmelody,buttherhythmsaremoreAfricaninorigin.AndJazzispolyrhythmic,【B9】______.

ThemostimportantfeatureofJazzisimprovisation.【B10】______.Jazzmusicianshavelearnedtoimprovisesowellthattheycanmakeupexcellentmelodiesastheyplay.AgoodJazzplayerseldomplaysanythingthesamewaytwice.【B11】______.

【B1】

26.听力原文：W:Strauss,we'vegotaproblem.Wedon'thaveenoughmoneytopaytherentthismonth.IthinkI'dbetteraskMomandDadforaloan,oraskmybossforaraise.

M:Well,Idon'tknow.ButmaybeI'dbetternottakeanotherEnglishcoursethissemester.

Q:What'stheproblemtheyaretalkingabout?

(18)

A.Theirparentscutbacktheloantothem.

B.Thewomandoesn'twanttotakeanotherEnglishcourse.

C.Theycan'taffordtherentofthismonth.

D.Thewoman'sbossrefusedtogiveheraraise.

27.听力原文：W:Youdon'tlooktoohappy.What'stheproblem?

M:Well,I'vegottowriteacompositionformyEnglishclass,andIjustcan'tcomeupwithanyidea.andit'sduetomorrow.

Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?

(17)

A.Hehastochangethetopicforhiscomposition.

B.HehasfallenbehindothersinEnglishclass.

C.Hehasn'tmadeuphismindastowhattowriteabout.

D.Thebookheborrowedwillbeduetomorrow.

28.(26)

A.Hehasabigappetite.

B.Heeatsonlyatregularmealtimes.

C.Heavoidsnewfoods.

D.Heeatsonlyhealthfulfoods.

29.听力原文：Themodernsailingshipwasdevelopedbyamanwhoneverwenttosea.HewasPrinceHenryofPortugal,theyoungersonofthePortugueseKingandanEnglishprincess.

PrinceHenrylivedinthe15thcentury.Asaboyhebecamedevotedtothesea,andhededicatedhimselftoimprovingthedesignofshipsandthemethodsofsailingthem.In1416,Henryfoundedaschoolformariners,towhichheinvitedeveryonewhocouldhelphim--Jewishastronomers,ItalianandSpanishsailors,andArabmathematiciansandmapmakerswhoknewhowtousethecrudecompassofthedayandimproveit.

Henry'sgoalwastodesignandequipvesselsthatwouldbecapableofmakinglongoceanvoyageswithouthavingtohugtheshore.Thecaravelcarriedmoresailandwaslongerandslimmerthananyshipthenmade,yetwastoughenoughtowithstandgalesatsea.Healsodevelopedthecarrack,whichwasaslowership,butonethatwascapableofcarryingmorecargo.

ToPrinceHenrytheworldowescreditforthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.Helivesinhistoryas"PrinceHenrytheNavigator".

(30)

A.Tohelpmariners.

B.Toimproveshipdesignandsailingmethods.

C.Tostudyastronomyandmathematics.

D.Toimprovehisownskillasasailor.

30.(32)

A.Becauseitgivespeopleasenseofachievement.

B.Becausemostpeoplelikedoingiteveryday.

C.Becauseitisneitherbiochemicalnorpoisonous.

D.Becauseitincreasestheheartrateandcirculation.

31.听力原文：W:Ithinkwe'dbetterreplacethatoldtypewritersothatwecanworkmoreefficiently.

M:Asfarastheworkefficiencyisconcerned,whynotthetypist?

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(19)

A.Theyshouldfindanewplacefortheoldtypewriter.

B.Theyshouldfindanewplaceforthetypist,

C.Theyshouldfindanewtypist.

D.Theyshouldbuyanewtypewriter.

32.(24)

A.Hercarisbeingrepaired.

B.Parkingisdifficultinthecity.

C.Thecostoffuelhasincreased.

D.Shewantstohelpreducepollution.

33.(36)

A.France.B.Russia.C.Poland.D.Germany.

34.听力原文：M:Goodevening,MissMalinen.Won'tyousitdown?

W:Goodevening.Thankyou.

M:Now,InoticedvanlefttheHotelScandinaviain1980,andthenyouhadbeenworkinginamedium-sizerestaurantinFinlandforabout4years.WhatareyounowdoinginEngland?

W:I'mspendingafewmonthsbrushingupmyEnglishandgettingtoknowthecountrybetter.

M:AndyouwanttoworkinEnglandtoo,why?

W:I'mkeenongettingsomeexperienceabroad,andIlikeEnglandandEnglishpeople.

M:I'mtheRestaurantManagerandHeadWaiter,soyou'dbeworkingdirectlyunderme.You'dberesponsibleforbringinginthedishesfromthekitchen,servingthedrinks,andifnecessarylookingafterthebills.Soyou'dbekeptprettybusy.

W:I'musedtothat.Inmylastpositionwewerebusymostofthetime,especiallyinsummer.

M:Good.Now,isthereanythingyou'dliketoaskaboutthejob?

W:Well,theusualquestions,whatsortofsalarywereyouthinkingofpaying?

M:Wepayourwaitersfortypoundsaweek,andyouwouldgetyoureveningmealfree.

W:Isee.

M:Now,youmayhavewonderedwhyIaskedyouheresolateintheday.Thefactis,Iwouldliketoseeyouinaction,sotospeak.Wouldyoubewillingtoactasawaitressherethiseveningforhalf-an-hourorso?Ourfirstcustomerwillbecomingin,letmesee,inabouttenminutes'time.

W:Well,I'mfreethiseveningotherwise.

M:Good.Andinreturnperhapsyouwillhavedinnerwithus?Now,letmeshowyouthekitchenfirst.Thisway,please...

(23)

A.InHotelScandinavia.

B.Inamedium-sizerestaurantinFinland.

C.InarestaurantinEngland.

D.Intheman'shouse.

35.听力原文：M:Ireallydon'tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican'taffordtojustsitaround,andtheredon'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.

W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?lastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargarettostayintheirhousebecausehedidn'twantitleftempty.

M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?

W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtomowthelawnandwaterthehouseplants.AndwhenErichouse-satforDr.Cohen,hehadtotakecareofherpats.

M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.IguessIt'slittlelikebaby-sitting—exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.

W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.

M:DoIjusthavetoofilloutanapplication?

W:MargaretandErichavetointerviewwiththehomeownersandprovidethreereferenceseach.

M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.

W:Well.Thehomeownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse-sitter.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewho'llthrowwildpartiesintheirhouse,ormoveagroupoffriendsinwithyou.

M:House-sitterswhodothatSortofthingprobablyaren'tpaidthen.

W:Usuallythey'repaidanyway,justbecausethehomeownersdon'twanttomakeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn'tbeabletobetanotherjob,Sowhydon'tyouapply?

M:Yeah,IthinkIwill.

(20)

A.Gotosummerschool.

B.TakeaVacation.

C.Stayathome.

D.Earnsomemoney.

36.(21)

A.Hewantsapayrise.

B.Hewantsbetterworkingconditions.

C.Hewantstogetahigherposition.

D.Hewantstotravelmoreinhiswork.

37.【B2】

38.

【B2】

39.(45)

40.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Stayinghealthyhelpsmakeyouabetterworkerorabettermanager.KeepingyourworkershealthymakesyourorganizationmoreeffectiveMoreandmorecompaniesareactivelypromoting"wellness"throughexercisefacilities,expandedhealthservices,etc.Thesearepositivetrends.Theprogressiveorganizationmustexploreallavenuesforpromotinggoodhealth.Someoftheseavenuesmayincludeminimizingtravelschedulesthataredisruptiveofaworker'spersonallife,providingadequatevacationtime,offeringonsiteeducationonkeyissuessuchasnutrition,drugabuse,diseaseavoidanceandbanningsmoking.

Intermsofgoodhealthfromtheindividual'sperspective,weallneedtofollowthebasicswhichincludeadequatesleepandrelaxation,abalanceddiet,nosmoking,minimalcaffeine,minimalalcohol,noillegaldrugs,minimallegaldrugs,plentyofexercise,etc.

Again,asinvirtuallyeveryarea,itisimportanttokeepeverythinginaproperperspectiveandproperbalance.Unlessyouhaveaspecificmedicalproblemitisnotnecessarytoeliminateallalcohol，allsugar，allcaffeinefromyourdietormakeextremeeffortstopursuesomeparticulardiet.Anotherareawherepeoplegotoabsurdextremesisexercise.Itisnotnecessarytobeamarathonrunnertogetadequateexercise.Runningafewmilesafewtimesaweekshouldsuffice.Peoplewhobecomeobsessedwithexerciseandspendhoursandhourseverydayrunningorpumpingironcangenerallydosoonlyatthegreatexpenseofcreatingaseriousimbalanceelsewhereintheirlives.Againandagain,thekeysareproperperspectiveandproperbalance，takingcaretoseethewholepictureandmeetallyourneeds.

Stayinghealthyhelpsmakeyouabetterworkerorabettermanager.Keepingyourworkershealthymakesyourorganizationmore【B1】______Moreandmorecompaniesareactively【B2】______"wellness"throughexercisefacilities,expandedhealthservices,etc.Theseare【B3】______trends.Theprogressiveorganizationmust【B4】______allavenuesforpromotinggoodhealth.Someoftheseavenuesmayincludeminimizingtravel【B5】______thataredisruptiveofaworker'spersonallife,providingadequatevacationtime,offeringon-siteeducationonkeyissuessuchasnutrition,drugabuse,diseaseavoidanceand【B6】______smoking.

Intermsofgoodhealthfromtheindividual'sperspective,weallneedtofollowthebasicswhichincludeadequatesleepand【B7】______,abalanceddiet,nosmoking,minimalcaffeine,minimalalcohol,no【B8】______drugs,minimallegaldrugs,plentyofexercise,etc.

Again,asinvirtuallyeveryarea,itisimportanttokeepeverythinginaproperperspectiveandproperbalance.Unlessyouhaveaspecificmedicalproblem【B9】______.Anotherareawherepeoplegotoabsurdextremesisexercise.【B10】______.Runningafewmilesafewtimesaweekshouldsuffice.Peoplewhobecomeobsessedwithexerciseandspendhoursandhourseverydayrunningorpumpingironcangenerallydosoonlyatthegreatexpenseofcreat-ingaseriousimbalanceelsewhereintheirlives.Againandagain,【B11】______.

【B1】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Despitethepioneers'predictionsaboutAI,themostpowerfulcomputercouldonly______now.

42.

【C7】

43.Companiescoulddirectlyborrowmoneyfromthefederalgovernmentthrough______

44.

Accordingtothesecondparagraph,crowsarepoorsubjectsforfieldresearchforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

A.theycansuccessfullyavoidobservers

B.theyarehardtodistinguishfromoneanother

C.theycanbequiteaggressive

D.theyaredifficulttocatch

45.

Accordingtotheauthor,howwouldanAmericanfamilywithacarandahouseinthesuburbsprobablyfeelaboutthemselvestoday?

46.

Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.

A.describetheharmfulairpollution

B.explainthewaytopreventairpollution

C.showtheworriesabouttheairpollution

D.recommendamethodtoavoidairpollution

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Youmightaskwhyitisthatwomendecidedtogoafterjobsinevergreaternumbers.Youmightequallyaskwhynot.Theideaofthenuclearfamily,withthebreadwinnerfatheroutatworkandthehousekeeperandchild-mindermotherathome,isneitherasoldnorasobviousasitseems.Inpredominantlyagriculturalsocieties,bothfatherandmotherworkedontheland.Childrensawplentyofbothofthem,andwereexpectedtostarthelpingoutatatenderage.Withtheindustrialrevolution,formalworklargelymovedawayfromhome,butbothparentscommonlyhadjobstomakeendsmeet;thechildrenmanagedasbesttheycould.Ittakesafairlysophisticatedsocietywithacomfortablemiddleclass,andabeliefinanextendedperiodofeducationfortheyoung,todevisethe"traditional"familymodelthatenjoyedsuchavogue(时尚)indevelopedcountriesinthelate1940stoearly1960s.

Thattraditionalmodelranoutofsteamforanumberofreasons.Singlewomen,eitherupuntilmarriageorupuntilthebirthofthefirstchild,havealwaysworked;thenoveltyisthatinthepastfewdecadesgrowingnumbersofmarriedwomenhavebeentakingpaidjobstoo.Onethingthathashelpedtomakethispossibleisreadilyavailablecontraception(避孕).Childrenarriveeverlaterintheirmother'slife,andineversmallernumbers.ExceptforAmericaandsomeoftheNordiccountries,therichworldproducesfartoofewchildrentokeepupitspresentpopulation;insomecountriestheone-childfamilyisbecomingthenorm,andmanywomenremainchildless.

Yetevenwomenwhodohavefamiliesareworkinginfargreaternumbersthanbefore.InAmerica,atleastthreeoutoffourmothersofschool-agechildrenhavejobs.Workingmothersusedtobecriticizedforneglectingtheirchildren;nowitismothersstayingathomewhohavetoexplainthemselves.Combiningworkandfamily,however,makesforhectic(繁忙的)lives,despitethearrayofgadgetsthatlittermodemhouseholds.Fathershavebecomeslightlymorehelpfularoundthehousethantheyusedtobe,butnowherenearenough.Workingwomen'sbiggestsinglecomplaintislackoftime.

Butwhattheyloseintime,theygaininspendingpower.Theirearningsarenotjustpinmoney.Forthegrowingnumberofsinglemotherstheyareessential,andindual-earnerfamiliestheyoftenmakethedifferencebetweenjustgettingbyandlivingcomfortably.Theyalsoofferaninsurancepolicyintheincreasinglylikelyeventofadivorce.InAmerica,onemarriageintwoeventuallybreaksup.Elsewheretheproportionislower,butrising.

Accordingtotheauthor,thefamilymodelinthelate1940stoearly1960swasthatthefatherwentoutworkingwhilethemother______.

48.Thetraditionaltwo-parentsfamilyisfastgivingwayintheAmericaofthe1980stohouseholdsinwhichoneadultmustjuggletheoftenenormousdemandsofmakingalivingandraisingchildren.

Formany,singleparenthoodissynonymouswitheconomicneed.Morethan3millionsingle-parentfamiliesliveinpoverty,accordingtotheCensusBureau,andjoblessness,pluscutsinpublicassistance,hashelpeddriveupthenumberofpoorchildreninsuchfamiliesbyabout20percentinjustthreeyears.

Thebiggestburdenfallsonhouseholdsthatareheadedbysinglemothers.Nearlyhalfofthesefamiliesarebelowthepovertyas"themostcompellingsocialfact"ofthelast10years.

Thisdeprivationisnotonlyhardonitsvictimsbutexpensivefortaxpayerssincesinglewomenandtheiroffspringreceive40to80percentofthebenefitsinvariouswelfareprogramsthatcostthegovernmentatotalof40billiondollarsayear.Despitecutsinbenefitsaveraging10percent,risingnumberofeligiblewomenarelikelytokeeptheoverallcostup,accordingtoeconomistAliceRivlin,formerdirectoroftheCongressionalBudgetoffice.

Fanningthesingle-parentspiralaretwodramaticoffshootsofthesexualrevolution:divorceandunwed(未婚的)motherhood.Thedivorceratehasdoubledinthelast15years,andthenumberofillegitimatebirthshasmorethandoubledto700,000annually.Onetenthofwhitechildrenandmorethanonehalfofblackchildrenarenowbornoutofwedlock.What'smore,thereisastrongtendencynowforwomenandteenagerswhohaveillegitimatechildrentokeepthemratherthanputthemupforadoption.

TypicalisRufinaNeraofLosAngeles.Whenshebecamepregnantat15,abortionwasnevermentionedinherhome.Instead,hermotherencouragedhertohavethechild,saysNera,adding:"Sheevengaveababyshowerforme.

Now,Nerasharesacrowdedbedroomwithher2-year-olddaughteraswellashersister.Sheholdsnohopeofhelpfromthefather,althoughheremarkedduringtheonlytimehesawthechildthatshewasprettierthanhisotherillegitimatebaby.Evenso,Neratriestokeepherattentionontwogoals:movingintoherownapartmentandgettingenougheducationtobecomeasecretaryoranurse.HerfirststepalongthatpathisattendingRamonaHighSchool,an"opportunityschool"wheresheand110othergirlsstudywhiletheirbabiesarecaredforinanursery.

Whateffectdoesjoblessnessandcutsinpublicassistancehaveonchildrenofsingle-parentfamilies?

A.Another3millionofthemliveinpoverty.

B.Thenumberofthemincreasedbyabout20percentinjustthreeyears.

C.Thenumberofthemincreasedbyabout3percentinthe1980s.

D.Theywerenotaffectedatall.

49.

WhatmakestheAmericandeliberatelyunhappyaccordingtotheauthor?

50.Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?

A.AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.

B.RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.

C.RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.

D.ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.

51.Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean'swatermassasconsistingoflargeslow-movingcurrents,suchastheGulfStream.Thatview,basedon100yearsofobservationsmadearoundtheglobe,producedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.Butinthe1950sandthe1960s,researchersbegantoemploynewlydevelopedtechniquesandequipmentincludingsubsurfacefloatsthatmovewithoceancurrentandemitidentificationsignalsformonthsatfixedlocationsintheocean.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanunexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthe'deepocean.Ratherthanbeingcharacterizedbysmooth,large-scalecurrentsthatchangeseasonally(ifatall),theseasaredominatedbywhatoceanographers(海洋研究者)callmesoscalefields(紊流):fluctuating,energeticflowswhosevelocitycanreachtentimesofthemeanvelocityofthemajiorcurrents.

Mesoscalephenomena--theoceanicanalogueofweatherterms--oftenextendtodistancesof100kilometersandpersistfor100days(weathersystemsgenerallyextendabout1000kilometersandlast3to5daysinanygivenarea).Morethan90percentofthekineticenergyoftheentireoceanmaybeaccountedforbymesoscalevariabilityratherthanbylarge-scalecurrents.Mesoscalephenomenamay,infact,playasignificantrolei