英国：学历和收入之间的关系等2则外刊阅读与训练-2023届高三英语二轮复习

外刊精读精练英国：学历和收入之间的关系导读：上大学获取一个学位可不是件容易的事。大多数人相信，获得大学文凭对一名毕业生的未来职业发展必有帮助。但这一纸文凭究竟有那么管用吗？学生所学习的专业会影响其未来的就业和收入吗？本集《外刊精读》讨论在英国，学历和收入之间的关系。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary:Education词汇：教育What'sthepointofstudying?!It'ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou'restudyingforadegreeandyou'restrugglingtocompleteanassignmentorsweatingitoutinanexam,especiallyifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingagoodtime,orareworkingandearninglotsofmoney.Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareerishardtoachieveandgraduatesendupdoingsomethingtheyareoverqualifiedfor.TheCharteredInstituteforPersonnelandDevelopmentsaysthatwiththespirallingcostsofuniversity,studentsneedtoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Itsaysthereisaneedformuchbettercareeradviceandguidance,alongsidehigh-qualityalternativevocationalroutesintoemploymentotherthanuniversityeducation.ButothernewresearchcommissionedfortheBBC,saysthatadegreewill,inthelongrun,earnyoumore.Howevertherearedifferencesinyourearningpotential.DrJackBrittonfromtheInstituteforFiscalStudiessaysthat"Graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof£33,500afterfiveyears-about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities."However,itfoundit'snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthancanplayapartinwhatyoucanearn,suchasthesubjectastudentchoosestostudy.Itdiscoveredthatfiveyearsaftergraduation,theincomegapbetweenstudentswhostudiedthesubjectsthat请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。Thatdogdoesn'thaveanownersocomeawayimmediately.Can'tyouseeit'sastray?Itmighthaveadisease.Quickly,nurse.He'sgoingintocardiacarrest.Getmethedefibrillator.Hewon'tbite,buthedoesn'tlikebeingtouched.It'sdowntohislastowner,whousedtobeathim.Howcanyounotseeit?There/samarkeddifferencebetweenthefirstpictureandthesecond!!Pleasestopsmoking,son.Itgoeshand-in-handwithcancerandyoudon/twantthat.attractthehighestandlowestsalariescanbeconsiderable.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw,medicineanddentistrytendtodowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,widens.Thereareotherfactorstoothatinfluencewhatyoumightearn:Fiveyearsaftergraduation,menearnonaverage,14%morethanwomen.Also,astudent'ssocialbackgroundcanhaveaneffect,withthosefrombetter-offhouseholdsmuchmorelikelytogotouniversityandparticularlyagoodone.ButifyoustillfeeluniversitydeliversthebestopportunitiesthenthereareencouragingwordsfromAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,whotoldBBCNewsthat"Employersaredemandingmoregraduates...andgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.Therearemanymanygoodgraduateoutcomescomingfromuniversities."Somaybeallthatstudyingisworthit-afterall'nopain,nogain'!二、词汇表assignment作业sweatitout如坐针毡地等待（考试）结束career职业，事业graduate毕业生overqualified资历过高的spirallingcosts急剧上升的费用vocational职业的inthelongrun从长远看RussellGroup罗素大学集团incomegap收入差law法律medicine医学dentistry牙科creativearts仓!J意艺术socialbackground社会家庭背景outcome结果nopain,nogain一份耕耘,一份收获三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。Accordingtothearticle,whymightyouquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?Wherehasresearchfoundyoushouldstudytoearnmoremoneyinyourcareer?Trueorfalse?Studyingcreativeartsatuniversitytendstoleadtoalower-earningcareerthanfromstudyingdentistry.Whichwordusedinthearticle,means'haveaneffecton(something)1?AccordingtoAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,istherelessormorechanceofbeingunemployedifyouhaveadegree?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。MandeepfeltwhenshegraduatedfromOxfordandgotajobstackingshelvesinasupermarket.underqualifiedqualifiedover-qualificationoverqualifiedBuyingapairofbootsisinmylongcareerinfootball.afirststepinthelongrunnopain,nogainvocationalThegovernmenthascomeupwithaplantotacklethewideningbetweenrichandpoor.outcomesincomegapspirallingcostsmedicineIfyouwanttowinthemarathon,you'regoingtohavetotrainhardbutit'sacaseof.nogain,nopainnogainorpainnopain,nogainnotpain,notpainBecauseofthe,wecannolongeraffordtofinishthebuildingproject.socialbackgroundspirallingcostsincomegaplaw【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。Accordingtothearticle,whymightyouquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?Thespirallingcosts:TheCharteredInstituteforPersonnelandDevelopmentsaysthatwiththespirallingcostsofuniversity,studentsneedtoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Wherehasresearchfoundyoushouldstudytoearnmoremoneyinyourcareer?AtRussellGroupuniversities.DrJackBrittonfromtheInstituteforFiscalStudiessaysthat"Graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof£33,500afterfiveyears-about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities."Trueorfalse?Studyingcreativeartsatuniversitytendstoleadtoalower-earningcareerthanfromstudyingdentistry.True.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw,medicineanddentistrytendtodowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,widens.Whichwordusedinthearticle,means'haveaneffecton(something),?Influence.AccordingtoAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,istherelessormorechanceofbeingunemployedifyouhaveadegree?Lesschance.Hesays"graduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates."请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。MandeepfeltoverqualifiedwhenshegraduatedfromOxfordandgotajobstackingshelvesinasupermarket.Buyingapairofbootsisafirststepinmylongcareerinfootball.Thegovernmenthascomeupwithaplantotacklethewideningincomegapbetweenrichandpoor.Ifyouwanttowinthemarathon,you'regoingtohavetotrainhardbutit'sacaseofnopain,nogain.Becauseofthespirallingcosts,wecannolongeraffordtofinishthebuildingproject.养狗能保护我们的心脏健康导读：有人说养宠物对人类身心健康有好处，那么养狗真的可以让人健康长寿吗？据一项最近调查显示，狗主人患心血管疾病的可能性要远低于不养狗的人。这是为什么呢？这项调查的结果可信吗？本集《外刊精读》探讨养狗和人类心脏健康之间的联系。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary:dogsandhearts词汇：犬和心脏Asadoglover,ourcaninecompanionsalwaysfillmewithjoy.Whetherpedigreeormongrel,tameorstray,wheneverIseeone,Ismile.Afterall,theirloyaltyisindisputable,theircompanionshipisalwayswelcome,theyfetchforus,guardforusandevenworkforuswhenrequired.GoodoldFidohasalwaysbeenclosetomy,andmanyother'shearts.Well,notcontentwithjustwarmingthecocklesofyourheart,itseemsthatourfour-legged-friendsactuallylowertheriskofcardiovasculardisease,accordingtoa2017scientificstudy,whichlookedat3.4millionSwedesfrom2001to2012.Thestudyconcludedthatthislowerrisk,whichwasparticularlyevidentinownersofhuntingbreeds,maynotjustbeduetotheincreasedphysicalactivitythatgoeshand-in-handwithowningadog,butcouldalsobedowntodogsincreasingtheowner'ssocialcontact,orbychangingtheowner'sbacterialmicrobiome,whichisthecollectionofmicroscopicspeciesthatliveinthegut.Dogschangethedirtinhomeenvironmentsandthereforeexposepeopletobacteriathattheywouldotherwisenotencounter.Theseeffectswereparticularlymarkedinthosewholivedontheirlonesome.AccordingtoMwenyaMubangaofUppsalaUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy,“singledogownershada33%reductioninriskofdeathandan11%reductioninriskofcardiacarrestcomparedtosinglenon-owners//However,beforeyourheartskipsabeat,ToveFall,seniorauthorofthestudy,alsoaddsthattheremaybelimitations.Itzspossiblethatthedifferencesbetweenownersandnon-owners,whichalreadyexistedbeforethedogwasbought,couldhaveinfluencedtheresults-orthatpeoplewhoaregenerallymoreactivealsotendtogetadoganyway.Itseemsthattheresultsarenotasclearcutastheyinitiallyappeartobe,butasfarasKmconcerned,that'sok.Ilovedogsforhowtheymakemefeeland,cardiovascularbenefitsornot,they'llalwaysbetopdogtome-crossmyheart.二、词汇表canine犬的pedigree（动物）纯种mongrel杂种狗tame（尤指动物）温顺的stray流浪的companionship陪伴,友谊fetch拿来,取回,guard守卫，保护Fido对宠物狗的一个通用名称closetoone'sheart贴近某人的心warmthecocklesofyourheart温暖你的内心cardiovascular心血管的breed（动物）品种physicalactivity体育运动socialcontact社会关系,社会往来bacterialmicrobiome细菌微生物群gut肠道onone?slonesome单独的,独自的cardiacarrest心脏停搏yourheartskipsabeat（形容紧张或兴奋）心跳停了一下topdog最好的狗，胜利者crossmyheart我保证所说属实三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。Whatreasonsdoestheauthorgiveforlovingdogs?Whendidthestudymentionedinthearticletakeplaceandwhowereitsparticipants?Whichthreereasonsaregivenforadogreducingaperson'scardiovascularrisk?Trueorfalse?Single-householddogownersseenohealthbenefitscomparedtosingle-householdnon-owners.Whatlimitationsarementionedthatcouldaffecttheresultsofthestudy?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。Thatdogdoesn/thaveanownersocomeawayimmediately.Can'tyouseeit'sa?Itmighthaveadisease!tameFidostraymongrelQuickly,nurse.He'sgoinginto.Getmethedefibrillator!microbiometopdogcaninecardiacarrestHewon'tbite,buthedoesn/tlikebeingtouched.It'shislastowner,whousedtobeathim.crossmyheartdowntoclearcutbreedsHowcanyounotseeit?There'sadifferencebetweenthefirstpictureandthesecond!markedgutmarkedguthand-in-handtamePleasestopsmoking,son.Itgoeswithcancerandyoudon'twantthat.skipsabeatcrossmyheartontheirlonesomehand-in-hand【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。