2021-2022年陕西省安康市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2021-2022年陕西省安康市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Besidesthefeatureof"doingmorewithless",thesphericalstructureofdomecanalsoallownatural______withoutobstruction.

2.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Techniquesinphysicalexercises.

B.Exercisethatyoucandobyyourself.

C.Localsportsclubsandgyms.

D.Suggestionsfororganizedsportclasses.

3.

SomescientistssetupdomesinthePolarRegions.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.DuringBeijingOlympics,touristscaneasilyobtaintheinformationaboutgameresultsandtrafficconditionsintimefrom______.

5.

Tofindoutifyouhaveafevercausedbyillness,waituntilyou___________foranhourorsobeforeusingathermometer.

6.

Speakingwillturnintoapleasantexperienceafteryou______.

A.graduatefromschool

B.flyanairplanealoneforthefirsttime

C.joininsomegroupsinthecommunity

D.getmorespeakingexperiences

7.

Manycitiesoffer______.that.cansaveyoumoneyandensureyoursafety.

8.

Thesurveyarguesthatthird-worldincomesareautomaticallyregulatedby______.

9.Toresolveremaininguncertainties,it'snecessarytoobservefactorssuchaswind,clouds,andhumidityinthetropospheretomakesuretheyareconsistentwith______.

10.

Becauseofhisfailure,onbusinessandthedeathofhisfamilymembers,hisworksaremarkedby______.

11.ReturningtoScience

TeresaGarrettwasworkingpart-timeasabiochemistrypostdoc(博士后).Shehadaninfantathome,andshewasmiserable.Sheandherhusbandwereconsideringhavingasecondchild.Shedidn'tlikeleavingherdaughterwithadaycareprovider,andshewonderedifherslimincomejustifiedtheexpenseofchild-care.Shedecidedtostayhomefulltime.

Itwasalonelybutpracticaldecision,shesays.Shehadn'truledoutthepossibilitybutshedidnotexpecttoreturntoscience:Afterall,theconventionalwisdomwouldequateseveralyearsofparentingleavewiththeendofaresearchcareer.Garretteventuallyhadtwodaughtersandspenttheirearlyyearsathome.

Thechallengeofmanagingasciencecareerandpersonalandfamilyobligationsisnotanewissue,particularlyforwomen.Inacareerwhereproductivityandpublicationsdefineyourvalue,canyoutakeacoupleofyearsoffandthenmakeasuccessfulreturn?Whenyoudo,willemployerstrustyourdevotiontoyourjob?

ForGarrett,theanswertobothquestionswas"Yes".First,shefoundashort-termteachingtutoratDukeUniversity,theinstitutionwhereshehaddoneherPh.D.AndthenChristianRaetz,whohadbeenherPh.D.adviser,offeredherapostdoc.Thetimingwasperfect:Shewasreadytostartamoreregularworkschedule,andherhusbandwasinterestedinstartingabusiness.Today,sheisachemistryprofessoratVassarCollege.GarrettcreditsRaetzbothforhisfaithinherabilitiesandhiswillingnesstojudgehercontributionsonqualityandproductivityandnotthenumberofhoursshespentinthelaboratory."Peoplearealwaysshockedtoknowthatyoucantaketimeoffandcomeback,"shesays.

Returningtoresearchafteranextendedpersonalleaveispossible,butitmaynotbestraightforward.Progresscanbeslowandtheremaybesomefalloutfromabreak.Thepathbackdoesn'tcomewitharoadmaporatimeline.Yourreentrywillhaveadifferentrhythmthanyourinitialapproachbecausethistimeyouhavetobalanceyourcareerwiththeneedsofafamily.Theuncertaintycanmakeyoufeelisolatedandalone.Butifyouarepersistentandtakeadvantageoftheresourcesthatareavailable,youcangetitdone.

SteppingSideways

Aftertimeawayfromtheworkforce,it'sparticularlyeasytounderestimateyourvalueasascientistand--hence--totakeoneormorebackwardsteps.Don't,saysRuthRoss,whonearlymadethatmistakeafterspending4yearsathomewithherchildren.APh.D.pharmacologistwithindustryexperience,sheappliedforatechnicianjobattheUniversityofAberdeenintheUnitedKingdomassheplannedherreturntoscience.Shewouldhavetakenthejobifithadbeenoffered,shesays,but"thatprobablywouldhavebeenabadcareermove".Asitturnedout,theuniversitydecidedshewasover-qualified.

Insteadoftakingastepback,takeastepsideways:Ifyouleftapostdoc,returntoapostdoc,perhapswithaspecialcareerreentryfellowship.AfacultymemberatAberdeenencouragedRosstoapplyforanewlyestablishedcareerreentryfellowshipfromtheWellcomeTrust.Fundingfromthatorganizationsupportedherpostdoctoralresearchuntiltheuniversityhiredherintoafacultypositionin2002.

After2yearsathomewithhersonandtwindaughtersfollowedby3yearssearchingforprojectmanagementjobsinthebiotechindustry,biochemistPlaAbolagotwindofanopeningattheMolecularSciencesInstitute(MSI).AnMSIstaffscientistneededskillslikehersbutlackedmoney,sothetwoappliedjointlyforanNIHcareerreentrysupplement.She'snowaproteinbiochemistandgrantwriteratProsettaBioconformatics.

IndependenceandFlexibility

Insteadofsteppingbackwardorsideways,physicistShireenAdenwallatookastepforward.Insteadoftakinganotherpostdoc,shesetupan

A.hercommonsense

B.herseveralyearsofparentingleave

C.herslimincome

D.hercomingsecondchild

12.

Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Ifourteethbleedswhilebrushing,weshould______.

14.

Epinicianodesaswellasthestatuesandinscriptionsallservedthefunctionof______.

15.

ForChristians,Eastereggssymbolize______.

16.

Thebiggestsinglelossofplaneshappenedin______.

17.

TheInternetandmediacompanieshaverealizedtheimplicitvaluationsofsocialnetworking,buthaven'tmadeitaworkingrevenuemodel.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Thefar-flungoutragedestroysfieldsandplantsbecausetheymisidentified_______.

19.

Laterhehadtothrow50flashlightbatteriesawaybecause______hadbeendrainedfromthem.

20.

Calciumpermitscellstodivide,regulatesmusclecontractionandrelaxation,andplaysanimportantroleinthemovementofproteinandnutrientsinsidecellsbesideshelping______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(41)

22.(26)

A.Fastmusicpromotesthesaleofhamburgers.

B.Backgroundmusicisplayedinprisonstomakeprisonereducated.

C.Backgroundmusicissometimesveryboringtotheworkers.

D.Backgroundmusicisusuallyfasterthananyothermusic.

23.听力原文：Nowadaystherearemoreandmorewaysofgoingonholiday.Moreandmorepeoplegoabroadeveryyear.Somepeopleevengoontwoorthreeholidaysayear.

Inmyopinion,therearetwotypesofholidaymakers.Thefirstkindofholidaymakersalwaysflockstoseasideresortswhentheygoonholiday.Theironeandonlyaimistohaveagoodtimebysunbathingandputtingtheirfeetup.Theyarenotahitinterestedinlocalspecialties.Atmealtimes,iftheycangetaplateofBritish"fishandchips",they'remorethanhappy!Theyspendtheirdaysinthesunshineandtheireveningsgettingdrunk,thensleepsoundly.Ifthissortofpersonforgetstopackthesuntanoil,heorshewillUndoubtedlycomehomeasredasalobster.

Theothersortofholidaymakersgoestoeverycountrytoincreasetheirknowledgeofforeignlands.Theymakeuseofthechancetotraveltoimprovetheirworldknowledge.Forthem,goingonholidayiseducational.Consequently,thissortoftravelerswillmovefromplacetoplaceeveryfewdays.Iftheyvisitlotsofplacesinashortspanoftime,thereisnowaythattheycangetaproperfeelofaplaceorfullyappreciatethelocalfoodandwine.

Whichevertypeofholidaychosen,everybodyhasthesameaim:toputtheirworktothebackoftheirminds,haveasmuchfunaspossibleandcomehomehappyandrelaxed.

(30)

A.Drinking.B.Sleeping.C.Sunbathing.D.Swimming.

24.听力原文：M:MycousinRick,who'sjustgraduatedfromtechnicalschool,gothimselfagoodjob.

W:Iwonderhowhemanagedthatinsuchatightmarket.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Rickwillgraduatefromtechnicalschoolsoon.

B.It'shardtofindagoodjobnowadays.

C.Thewomanwonderedwhohadgottenthejob.

D.Rickhasn'tfoundajobinsuchatightmarket.

25.听力原文："Hightech"and"stateoftheart"aretwoexpressionsthatdescribeverymoderntechnology.(29)Hightechisjustashorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnologydescribesanyinvention,systemordevicethatusesthenewestideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.Whatishightech?Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech.(30)HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1980's.Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstores,suchashomecomputers,microwaveovens,ere."Stateoftheart"issomethingthatisasmodernaspossible.Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsandtechnology.Somethingthatis"stateoftheart"meansthenewestpossibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.Astateofthearttelevisionset,forexample.usesthemostmodernelectronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy."Stateoftheart"isnotanewexpression.Engineershaveuseditforyears,todescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoingsomething.(30)MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate1970's.(31)Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputercompanyclaimedthatitscomputerswere"stateoftheart".Computertechnologychangedsofastthatastateoftheartcomputertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpression"stateoftheart"becameascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobe"stateoftheart".

(30)

A.Totellwhat"hightech"and"stateoftheart"are.

B.Totellhow"hightech"and"stateoftheart"havedeveloped.

C.Togiveexamplesofhightech.

D.Todescribethemoderntechnology.

26.听力原文：Yearsagobeforetherewererefrigerators,anicehousewasabuildingusedforstoringice.Thefirsticehouseswereinthecellarsoffarmhouses.Piecesofice,mixedwithsnowandmeadowgrass,werepiledinwinterandkeptuntilthefollowingsummer.Soonfarmersbegantobuildseparatehousesforstoringice.Theseicehouseshaddoublewallswithhaystuffedbetweentokeepoutanyheat.Blocksoficewereputinsidetheicehouseandpackedwithstraworsawdust.

Wheredidtheicefortheseicehousescomefrom?Workerstookitfromafrozenpondorriver.Theysawedtheiceintoevenblocks.Thentheypulledtheiceblocksfromthewaterwithhooksandcarriedthemtotheicehousesonsleds.

Specialtoolshelpedtheworkerscutandhandletheice.Iceaxeschoppedlargeholesintheice.Icesawscuttheiceintoevenblocks.Choppersloosenedtheseblocksfromoneanother.Icehooksfastenedthemselvesintothelargeblocks.Thentheycouldbecarriedoverthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.Tongswereusedtopickupthesmallerblocksofice.

Shipscarriediceallovertheworld.In1799thefirstboatloadintheUnitedStateswassentfromNewYorkCitytoicehousesinNewOrleans,Louisiana.AboatloadwassentfromBoston,Massachusetts,totheWestIndiestohelpfightyellowfeverin1805.IcemerchantsinBostonalsoshippedtonsoficefrompondsandriverstocitiesinEurope.

(30)

A.Separatehouseswerebuiltforstoringice.

B.Doublewallswerebuiltinicehousestokeepcool.

C.Blocksoficewerepackedwithhayinicehouses.

D.Icewasputintoicehousesinwinter.

27.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Whyareyouleavingsoearly?Themoviedoesn'tstarttillseven.

M:Idon'twanttobeatthetrafficthere.It'sanightmareontheexpresswayduringrushhour.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Hedoesn'tusuallygetupat7:00.

B.Hedoesn'tknowthewaytothetheater.

C.Hewantstogoearlytoavoidatrafficjam.

D.Heleavesthetheaterbeforethemovieisover.

28.听力原文：W：ThankyousomuchforapplyingforthepositionoftheAccountant-generalandforcomingtothisinterviewtoday．

M：I'msohappytohavetheopportunitytotalkwithyouandIwilldomybestforthecompanyifIamluckyenoughtogethired．

Q：Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?

(16)

A.DiscussingabouttheirAccountant-general.

B.Havinganinterview.

C.Goingthroughatrialinacourt.

D.Carryingoutaprogram.

29.(32)

A.Protectingroadsalongtheshore.

B.Buildingonbeacheswithseawalls.

C.Addingsandtobeacheswithseawalls.

D.Stoppingbuildingseawalls.

30.【B4】

31.(36)

A.HefeelstheIndianswereunfairlytreated.

B.HebelievestheIndiansshouldhaveshowedrespecttogovernment.

C.HethinksthegovernmenthasalwaysrespectedtheIndians.

D.Hebelievesthegovernmentcanbejustified.

32.(34)

A.Itschemicalelementsmustbestudied.

B.Itstemperaturemustbelowered.

C.Bigspaceshipsmustbebuilt.

D.Itsatmospheremustbechanged.

33.听力原文：WhenMidoriwastwoyearsold,sheoftenclimbedontothepianobenchandreachedfortheviolinthatbelongedtohermother,a38-year-oldprofessionalmusician.

"Pleasedon'ttouch,Midofi,"hermotherscolded.Theviolinwas,afterall,worthmorethan$20,000.

ButMidoriinsisted,andshelongedtohandlethegracefulinstrumentthatmadebeautifulsounds.Finally,onherthirdbirthday,Midoriwashandedapackage:atinyviolin,abouthalfthenormalsize.

AlmostfromthemomentMidoriwasborn,hermotherknewshewassensitivetomusic.Forseveralyearsmotheranddaughterpractisedtogetherdayafterday.Shewaseagertolearn.Failureoftenledtotears,thoughsheneveronceturnedfromtheinstrument.Instead,shepersisteduntiltheproblemwasovercome.

OnedayJohnston,anAmericanmusician,heardMidoriplayingtheviolin.Hecouldn'tbelieveshewasjusteightyearsold."ShemustmakeatapeandIwilltakeittotheUnitedStates."themusiciansaid.

AfamousAmericanviolinteacherheardthetape.He,too,haddifficultyinbelievinghisears.Theplayingwasabsolutelyastonishing.Heimmediatelyacceptedherasapupilandrecommendedherforafullscholarship.In1982,MidoriandhermothermovedtoNewYorkCity,leavingbehindacomfortablelifeinJapan.

(33)

A.Ahousewife.B.Asinger.C.Ateacher.D.Amusician.

34.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：MildweatherhasbroughtJapan'smuch-lovedcherrytreesintobloomtwoweeksearlythisyear,butnoteveryoneisthrilledtoseetheblossomsaheadoftime.Someintheleisureandretailindustriesarewatchingcarefullylaidplansfallapart.Theemergenceofthepalepinkflowersisanationalabsentee,withTVnetworksfrequentlyairingblossomupdatesontheirnewsprograms.Families,companiesandfriendspackTokyo'sparksduringtheseasontopicnicunderthefloweringtrees,Thesepartiescanbeorganizedatthelastminute,butforbusinessesthatarrangeflower-viewingtours,timingiseverything."Ifitturnsoutthatpeoplewon'tbeabletoseecherryblossomsatall,we'dhavetocancelthetours,"aspokeswomanfortravelagentNihonRyokosaid."Actually,someofourteamhavenobookingsanyway,becausecustomerscanseethesituationforthemselvesontelevision."AgroupofretailersinChiyodawardincentralTokyohasalsocalledoffacherry-blossomfestivalscheduledfornextmonth,whentheflowerswillbegone.Oneofficeworker,however,sawtheearlyblossomsasagoodomenfortheailingeconomy."Forthepast10yearsJapan'seconomyhasbeenalateblamer.Nowitwillfinally.

MildweatherhasbroughtJapan'smuch-lovedcherrytreesinto(36)______twoweeksearlythisyear,butnoteveryoneis(37)______toseetheblossomsaheadoftime.Someinthe(38)______andretailindustriesarewatchingcarefullylaidplansfallapart.The(39)______ofthepale.pinkflowersisanationalobsession,withTVnetworks(40)______airingblossomupdatesontheirnewsprograms.Families,companiesandfriends(41)______Tokyo'sparksduringtheseasonto(42)______underthefloweringtrees.Thesepartiescanbe(43)______atthelastminute,butforbusinessesthatarrangeflower-viewingtours,timingiseverything."If(44)____________,we'dhavetocancelthetours,"aspokeswomanfortravelagentNihonRyokosaid."Actually,someofourtourshavenobookingsanyway,because(45)____________."AgroupofretailersinChiyodawardincentralTokyohasalsocalledoffacherry-blossomfestivalscheduledfornextmonth,whentheflowerswillbegone.Oneofficeworker,however,(46)____________."Forthepast10yearsJapan'seconomyhasbeenalatebloomer.Nowitwillfinallyblossom,"hetoldFujiTelevision.

35.听力原文：Theinterpretationofdreamshasbeenafavoriteactivityofpeopleforaslongaswehavehadrecordedhistory.Someofthesedreaminterpretshavebecomefamous,andsome,liketheEuropeanpsychologistSigmundFreud,feltthatalldreamshavemeaningswhichrelatetoourpersonalrelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.

Gooddreamsincludethoseinwhichweseeourselvessucceedinginsomedifficultorpleasantactivitysuchassinging,dancing,talkingwithourfriends,orexperiencingthehappinesswhichmaynotoccurinourwakinghours.Manypersonsreportdreamsofcompetinginathleticcompetitionsormusiccompetitions.Theperformanceintheseeventscangobeyondanythingwemightexperienceinreality.Whoamongushasnotdreamedofspendingpleasanthourswithourrealorimaginarylover,enjoyinghisorhercompanyinwaysknownonlytothosewhohaveloved?Interpretersofsuchdreamsgivevariedmeanings,mostofwhichareprobablynotveryreliable.But,weoftenawakefromgooddreamsinagoodmood,restedandreadytofacetheday.

Badorunpleasantdreamsincludethosewhichfrightenus,recallunpleasantexperiencesfromourlives,orpresentproblemsforwhichthereisnoevidentsolution.Dreamsoffailinganexamatschool,dreamsoflosingajoboragoodfriend,dreamsofaccidentsordeathofalovedoneinourfamily,etc.areunsettlingandnoteasilyunderstood.Somedreamexpertsbelievethesedreamsarenowathreateningwaytofaceaproblemfromreallife.Theygiveusawaytodealwiththeproblemsothatwemayfinditlessstressfulinourwakinghours.

(33)

A.Whattheyhaveregrettedforalongtime.

B.Theirrelationshipswithfamiliesandfriends.

C.Whattheyhaveexpectedtoomuch.

D.Thethingstheyhaveexperiencedduringtheirchildhood.

36.(15)

A.Impatient.B.Serious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Nervous.

37.听力原文：Theyoungpeoplewhotalkofthevillageasbeing"dead"aretalkingnothingbutnonsense,asintheirheartstheymustsurelyknow.Thevillageisnotdead.Thereismorelifeinitnowthanthereeverwas.Butitseemsthat"villagelife"isdead.Goneforever.Itbegantodeclineaboutahundredyearsago,whenmanygirlslefthometogointoserviceintownmanymilesaway,andmenalsolefthomeinincreasingnumbersinsearchofwork.Therearestillanumberofpeoplealivetodaywhocanrememberwhat"villagelife"meant.Itmeantknowingandbeingknownbyeverybodyelseinthevillage.Itmeantfindingyourentertainmentinthevillageofwithinwalkingdistanceofit.itmeanthousewivestiedtothehomealldayandeveryday.Itmeantgoingtobedearlytosavelampoilandcoal.

ThencametheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWar.Aftereachwar,newideas,newattitudes,newtradesandoccupationswererevealedtovillagers.Thelong-establishedorderofsocietywasnolongertakenforgranted.Electricityandthemotorcarweresteadilyoperatingtomake"villagelife"and"townlife"almostalike.Nowwiththehighlydevelopedscienceandtechnologyandhigh-levelsocialwelfareforall,thereisnopointwhateverintalkinganylongerabout"villagelife".Itisjustlife,andabetterlife.

(33)

A.Becauseyoungpeoplecan'trememberthevillages.

B.BecausethetwoWorldWarsdestroyedmanyvillages.

C.Becausetherearenojobopportunitiesinvillages.

D.Becauseitseemsthatvillagelifeisgoneforever.

38.(29)

A.Theyarewillingtodonatetheirfaces.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutmoralproblems.

C.Theywouldaccepttheideaoffacetransplant.

D.Theyhavenocluewhatfacetransplantmeans.

39.

【B3】

40.(31)

A.Customerscanoffertheirfriendssomegoodadviceaboutshopping.

B.Somefirmswillmakealargeprofitfromloyalcustomers.

C.Customerscanfindtheirfavoritecolors.

D.Customerscangetintouchwithsellersefficiently.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

OnwhatbasisdoCaliforniacarmakersquestionthelawofcontrollingCO2emission?

A.Thestateassemblyhasnoauthoritytopassthelaw.

B.CO2isnotanairthatpollutestheair.

C.CO2isnotanairthatcausesglobalwarming.

D.TheCongresshasnotacceptedthelawyet.

42.

Thepassagepointsoutthattoidentifywithothersislessimportantthantoidentifywith______.

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanning'maybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:parentage,religion,andcustomfixeveryperson'splacewithintheeconomicsystem.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

AlthoughCoca-ColaCo:spentnearly$2billionlastyearadvertisingitsvariousbrandsaroundtheglobe,itsawitsshareofthecriticalU.S.colamarketdecline.Meanwhile,PepsiCo.isridingasizzling(火热的)BritneySpears-ledad.campaigntoabiggershare,sodhaslaunchedanaudacious(大胆的)assaultonCoke'slong-heldsponsorships.Thecola.fightisheatingup.AndPepsiislandingmostofthepunches.

Pepsi'sshareoftheU.S.carbonatedsoft-drinkmarketroseto31.65%lastyear,averageDigestreport.Cokebrands,includingDietCokeandSprite,stillleadeasilywitha43.7%share--butthat'sdownfour-tenthsofapoint.Bothcompanies'flagshipcolas,whichtogetheraccountfor1of3sodassoldintheU.S.,lostsharelastyear.ButCoke'slostmore,andPepsiscoredbigwithnewflavorsCodeRedandLemonTwist.

Pepsi.Co.recentlyembarrasseditsbiggerrivalbysnatchingawaytheNationalFootballLeaguesponsorship,whichhadbeenCoke'sfor22years.CokedismissestheNFLsetbackaslessimportantthantheindividualsponsorshipsitretainswithtwo-thirdsoftheleague'steams."We'restillanNFLsponsor,"assertsJeffDunn,headofCokeintheAmericas.Heinsiststhatthe"passionpoint",forconsumersislocalteams.Hesaysthecostoftheleaguesponsorshiphadescalated(逐步高升)beyonditsvalue.BeneathCoke'soutwardcalm,executivesareangryovertheNFLloss.Now,someonCoke'sboardaresadtobeupsetthatPepsioutdidCoke'smanagement.ThisSetsupamarketingcompetitionlaterthisyearasCoketriestotieitselftoNFLfromthebottomup,teambyteam,andPepsitriestodothesamethingfromthetopdown,leveragingitsdealwiththeleague.

Cokehashardlybeensittingonitsthumbs.LastyearitbroughtoutDietCokewithlemon,andthecompanyisnowgearinguptolaunchVanillaCoke.YetifWailStreetisthejudgeofwho'swinning,there'snocontest.Pepsisharesaretradin