2015职称英语理工类B真题及答案

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！2015职称英语理工类B真题及答案(完整版)第一部分：词汇选项1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.AlimitB.fearC.powerD.fool4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal5.She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent6.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish7.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare8.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation9.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious10.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthan11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic13.They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclear15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第二部分：阅读判断ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChildrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled(吸入)acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew(排放)PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe(探查)othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained(长期的)mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1)DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2)Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusesinimagesandpotentiallythanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3)“Overthelast30years,”saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,”thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.”4)Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlythatextractsfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.23.Paragraph1_____24.Paragraph2_____25.Paragraph3_____26Paragraph4_____A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublicationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtificialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheexistingsearchenginesF.Improvementindocumentretrieval27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchenginesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsE.documentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage第四部分：阅读理解第一篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy(树冠)oftallerindigenous(土生土长的)trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators(捕食者)inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.32.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow_____.A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?A.Moreinsects.B.Betterqualitycoffee.C.Largerfarms.D.Higherprofits.34.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.B.Theycutdowntrees.C.Theymovetoanothercountry.D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.35.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT_____fullsunA.insects.B.air.C.birdsD.humans第二篇MoreRuralResearchisNeededAgriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryearbutwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead.“Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutrition(营养不良)andpoverty.”hesaid.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradation(贫瘠化)andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhichisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld’spopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5XtoXbillionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentpattern.Ifthereisanychange,aslightimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.Thedevelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs(有用的副产品)forMexico,ChinaorIndia.“Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently.”Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofrice,wheatadmaize(玉米)havegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted.“Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you’regoingtohavetoincreaseyield.”Dr.Fischersaid.36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Shortageoffoodsupplies.B.Developmentofagriculturaltechnologies.C.Impactofagriculturalresearch.D.Expectationofpopulationgrowth.37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheworld’sagriculturalresearchfunding?A.Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.B.Itisdecreasingworldwide.C.Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.D.Mostofitisspentveryefficiently.38.WhatisthepictureofAsia’sfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?A.FoodshortagewillnotbeaproblemB.TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.C.Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.D.TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.39.WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnologies?DrFischerA.Theyarecostly.B.Theyhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.C.Theirapplicationislimited.D.Theyhavetobeappliedlocally.40.Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat_____.A.thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agriculturalactivities.B.cropproductionisgrowingfasterindevelopingcountries.C.maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.D.technologiesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.第三篇DangersawaitbabieswithaltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld'shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn'tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:LaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,"saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth."Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,"saysGiussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary(冠状的)heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.41.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.B.Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.42.Giussaniandhisteamaresurethat_____.A.babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.B.peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisSantaCruz.D.mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished.43.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussanisaysinParagraph4that_____.A.thefindingwasunexpectedB.hewasverytired.C.thestudytooklongerthanexpected.D.hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz.44.Theresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonfortheunderweightbabiesis_____.A.lackofcertainnutrition.B.poweroftheirmother.C.differentfamilybackgrounds.D.reductionofoxygenlevels.45.Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat_____.A.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.B.under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.C.babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormonesbeforebirth.D.newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals(壁画)canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict(描述)famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallaccessthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2,000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthecombinationofgraffiti(涂鸦),pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition._____(46)inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway._____(47)Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselectedandmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting_____(48)ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamile(0.8kilometer)inNorthHollywood,_____(49)ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns—andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984._____(50)Twitchellsaid,"itwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace."Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanteachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority,"saidoneartist.A.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.B.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.D.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.F.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.'sculturaldiversity.第6部分：完形填空I'llBeBachComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan't_____(51)thedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashaving_____(52)thinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnot_____(53)tolistento.WhatdidCopedo?Hebegantorethinkhowhumanbeingscomposemusic.Herealizedthatcomposers,brains_____(54)likebigdatabases.First,theytakeinallthemusicthattheyhaveeverheard.Thentheytake_____(55)themusicthattheydislike.Finally,theymakenewmusicfromwhatis_____(56).AccordingtoCope,onlythegreatcomposersareabletocreatethedatabaseaccurately,rememberit,andf