2020北京西城高三二模英语

2020北京西城高三二模本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Miarushedhomeandthrewopenthefrontdoor.Hermotherturnedaround,surprisedthatMiawashomefromschoolsoearly.“Iwonfirstplaceintheartcontest!”shesaid(1)prideandraisedherhead,expectingpraise.ThoughMia(2)(work)eagerlyonherartsubmissionforweeks,hermotherwasn,tsure(3)theprojectinvolved.“That,swonderful,Mia!Whatwasthesubjectofyourartproject?”hermotherasked.Smilingfromeartoear,Miahandedoverherartwork.Itwasaportraitofhermother.Astudyfoundthatadultsaged18to33checkedtheirsmartphones85timesaday,oronceevery10minutes.AsIlearnedduringmyexperiment,(4)(place)somedistancebetweenmyselfandmydevicehelpedmedevotemyselftomyworkmore(5)(easy).Bynothavingmysmartphone,mydistraction(消遣)timewentdownandthusmyworktime(6)(spend)moreefficientlyandeffectively.Onnumerousoccasions,Ifound(7)(I)wonderingwhattodowiththeafternoonsinceIhadalreadycompletedmyhigh-impacttasksfortheday.Withtheextratime,Icanfinallyenjoythepleasuresoflife.InJune2012,China,sfirstmanneddeep-seasubmersible(潜水器)，Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskindbyreachinga(8)(deep)of7,062metersintheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.In2017,Chinasuccessfullytestedasubmersible(9)(call)ShenhaiYongshi,capableofdiving4,500meters.(10)muchofJiaolong,sequipmentwasimported,about95percentofShenhaiYongshianditscorecomponentswereproduceddomestically,saidXuQinan,thechiefdesignerofJiaolong.1/13第二节完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnemorninginJuly2011,ataxisatwanderingoutsidePetcoParkstadiuminSanDiego.AndWadeLeBlanc,a(an)(11)pitcher(棒球投手)forthePadres,climbedin."Totheairport,please,”hetoldthedriver.LeBlancwasheadedtoTucson,Arizona,homeoftheclub,sA-levelbranchorganizationatthetime.He,dbeensentdowntotheminors.Again.Fortheeighthtimeinthreeyears.“You,reWadeLeBlanc,”thetaxidriversaid.“Right.”“Yougotsomegoodstuff.”This(12)thepitcher,afterthepreviousnight,sdisastrousperformance.“Ithinktherearesomethingsyoushouldthinkabout(13),“thedrivercontinued.”Idon，tknow;I，mnota(14).Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup摆臂动作)”Wait,what?Thisguywasoffering…(15)?Earlierinhiscareer,LeBlancmighthave(16).Orbeenangry.Buttoday,hejust(17).Hecouldn,taffordtodismissanything.Hiscareerwasontheline.Thenextday,inTucson,LeBlancmethis(18).Hesaidhewasthinkingaboutmaking(19)tohiswindup.Hiscoachagreed.Insteadofkeepinghishandstighttohischestatthebeginningofhisdelivery,LeBlancraisedthembrieflyoverhishead,asthetaxidriverhad(20).LeBlancincludedthenew(21)intohisnextstart.Andhewas(22),allowingonlyonehitoverseveninnings(回合).Itwastheturningpointinhiscareer.Eightyearslater,LeBlancisapitcherfortheSeattleMariners.HesignedthefirstcontractextensionofhisMajorLeagueBaseballcareer-atage33.Thefunnythingaboutadvice:Wesooftentakeitfromthe(23)people.Thatis,we(24)theadviceofexperts,whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.WadeLeBlanc(25)thattrend,andheobtainedthe(26).“Expertadvisersoftenmakesurprisinglyinaccuratepredictionsaboutthefuture,yetpeople(27)theirsuggestionsnevertheless,”concludedStanfordUniversitypsychologistsinastudypublishedlastyear.Now,noteveryonetookexperts7advice.Themore(28)peoplebecome,thesmallerthepoolofadvisersthey(29).Participantsinpositionsofpowerignoredalmosttwothirdsoftheadvicetheyreceived,accordingtooneHarvardUniversitystudy.Otherparticipants-thecontrolandlowpowergroups-ignoredadviceabouthalfasoften.2/13

Soitrequiredamassiveincreaseofmodesty(谦虚)todowhatWadeLeBlancdid:hearwhatthetaxidriverwasofferinghimandacceptitasa(an)(30).11.A.excellentB.strugglingC.ambitiousD.awkward12.A.surprisedB.concernedC.disturbedD.angered13.A.avoidingB.makingC.tryingD.crossing14.A.playerB.directorC.jokerD.loser15.A.serviceB.adviceC.chancesD.courses16.A.acceptedB.worriedC.smiledD.laughed17.A.explainedB.interruptedC.listenedD.guessed18.A.parentsB.coachC.driverD.fans19.A.changesB.contributionsC.additionsD.objectives20.A.includedB.announcedC.suggestedD.resisted21.A.aimB.effectC.hobbyD.move22.A.patientB.optimisticC.brilliantD.justified23.A.attractiveB.popularC.humbleD.wrong24.A.overvalueB.skipC.ignoreD.involve25.A.identifiedB.supportedC.opposedD.started26.A.qualificationsB.benefitsC.prizeD.degree27.A.followB.abandonC.provideD.improve28.A.literaryB.successfulC.carefulD.negative29.A.tolerateB.helpC.knowD.trust30.A.jobB.exampleC.excuseD.gift第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。3/13Whichmealkitserviceisrightforyou?Asthesimpleactofshoppingandpreparingfoodfordinnerbecomeshardertofitin,awaytohelpmeetconsumerneedsandchangethewayweshopandeathasgrown:meal-deliveryplans.Here,saquickreviewofsomepopularoptions:HelloFreshHelloFreshprovideshigh-qualityingredients（烹饪原料）andgenerousportions（份量），withrecipesthataregenerallyeasytoprepare.Theclear,step-by-stepinstructionsgeteventhenewesthomechefsuptospeed,andtherecipecardsarewell-made,soyoucanrefertoyourfavoriterecipesagainandagain.Therearemealsforalmostanylifestyle,includingvegetarian（素食）options,low-caloriemealsand“quick”recipesthatgetdinneronthetablefast.Cost:$8.75to$9.99perserving,withupto16servingsperweek.FreshlyGetfresh,home-cookedfoodwithoutthetroubleofactuallycooking.Thissubscriptionservicedeliverscomfortfoodstoyourdoorstep,andthemealsarepreparedrightbeforedelivery.Neverfrozenandonlyrequiringminimalreheating,they,renutritiousandcostlessthanmanystandardtakeoutoptions.Cost:$7.99to$11,50perserving,withupto12servingsperweek.BlueApronBlueApronisfulloffreshingredients,withtraditionalorvegetarianoptions.Likemanyoftheplans,thefoodisdeliveredinonebigboxandtherecipecardisseparatefromthemealingredients.Thevarietyisgoodandtherecipesaregenerallyeasytoprepare.Cost:$7.49to$9.99perserving,withupto16servingsperweek.EveryPlateEveryPlateofferssimplermealsforalowercost.Userscanchoosebetweeneightrecipeseachweek,sothereisn,talotofflexibilityfordifferentdietaryneeds,buttherecipesarefullofflavorandgivesubscribersgenerousportions.Ifyou,relookingforanaffordablewaytogetintomealkits,EveryPlateisagoodoption.Cost:$4.99perserving,withupto12servingsperweek.DailyHarvestDailyHarvestspecializesindelicioussmoothies.Themealsarepackedwithfruitsandvegetables,makingnutritioneasyandtasty.Smoothiesjustrequiretheadditionofliquid,sofeelfreetoaddyourfavoritetypeofmilkorwatertotheblendandgetyourdaystarted.4/13Cost:$6.99perserving,withbetween9and26servingsavailable.Whichmealkitserviceisrightforavegetarian?DailyHarvestandEveryPlate.HelloFreshandBlueApron.EveryPlateandFreshly.HelloFreshandFreshly.Eachmeal-deliveryplanisavailablewith.fruitsandvegetablesunlimitedservingseasypreparationseparaterecipesThemeal-deliveryplansmeetthecustomerneedsof.livinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifecuttingdownondailyfoodcostsadaptingtoanewlifestyleimprovingcookingskillsBKylieKirkpatrickwasgettingreadyforworkwhenher9-yearoldson,RyanKyote,burstintoherbedroom.TheNapa,California-basedthird-graderhadjustwatchedanewsstoryaboutakindergartenstudentinIndianawhowasforcedtoreturnherschoollunchbecauseheraccountbalancecouldn'tcoverthemeal."Ryanwasupset,"KirkpatricktoldTODAYParents.“Hesaid,'Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?'Thenheaskedwhathecoulddotohelp."Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.ThebillcameuptoS74.50.ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.So,onMay24,hehappilydonatedhissixmonthsofsavingstotheNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictfoodservicesdepartment.5/13"Ryantoldthem,'Pleaseletmyfriendsknowthattheynolongeroweanymoney,"Kirkpatrickrecalled."Lunchishisfavoritepartofthedayanditbrokehishearttothinkthatit'sastressfultimeforsomechildren."Thefourth-grader-to-bewantedhisactofkindnesstobeunknowntoothers,buthisproudmothercouldn'tresistsharingaphotoonTwitter,whereitspreadquickly."Givethiskidhismoneyback.Nochildshouldbecoveringlunchdebtforhisclasswithhisallowance,"wroteoneperson.Addedanother:"Lovethisstory...Specialkid."PracticinggooddeedsisnothingnewforKyote."I'llgointothegarageandRyan'sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,"Kirkpatrick,asignlanguageinterpreter,toldTODAYparents."Onetime,afrienddidn'thaveanyshoesthatfit,soRyangavehimapairofhisownshoes."Recently,aninvestorgotwindofwhatKyotehaddoneforhisclassmatesandhecontactedKirkpatrick.“HewantedtogiveRyanmoneytoputinhissavingsaccount,"shesaid.Kyote,whorecentlylosthisfathertoALS,hadanotheridea."Ryantoldthemantopayitforward,"Kirkpatricksaid."SohemadeadonationtotheALSAssociation.Ican'tevenbegintotellyouwhatthatmeanttoRyan.Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace."HowdidRyanfeelafterwatchingthenewsstory,aboutakindergartenstudent?A.Shocked. B.Relieved. C.Excited. D.Bored.Insteadofbuyinganewpairofsneakers,Ryanwasmoreconcernedabout.A.hisschoollunch B.hisaccountbalanceC.hissixmonthsofsavings D.hisclassmates,lunchdebtWhatdoweknowaboutRyanKyotefromthepassage?Hetriedhisbesttohelphisfriendsinneed.Hecouldn'tresistsharinghisphotosonTwitterHeacceptedadonationfromtheALSAssociation.Hearguedagainstnegativereviewsonsocialmedia.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?Lifeisalwaystoughforschoolchildren.B.Akidcanmakeadifferenceintheworld.Socialmediacanmakeyoungpeoplepopular.6/13Friendshipisanimportantpartofbeingayouth.Acrucialperiodforlearningtherulesandstructureofalanguagelastsuptoaroundage17or18,saypsychologistJoshuaHartshorneofMITandhiscolleagues.Previousresearchhadsuggestedthatgrammar-learningabilitydevelopedinearlychildhoodbeforehittingadeadendaroundage5.However,Hartshorne,steamreportsonlineinCognitionthatpeoplewhostartedlearningEnglishasasecondlanguageinanEnglish-speakingcountrybyage10to12ultimatelymasteredthenewtongueaswellasfolkswhohadlearnedEnglishandanotherlanguageatthesametimefrombirth.Bothgroups,however,fellsomewhatshortofthegrammaticalfluencydisplayedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.Afterages10to12,new-to-EnglishlearnersreachedlowerlevelsoffluencythanthosewhostartedlearningEnglishatyoungeragesbecausetimeranoutwhentheirgrammar-absorbingabilityfellstartingaroundage17.Aimingforasampleoftensofthousandsofvolunteers,HartshornebeganbycontactingfriendsonFacebooktotakeanonlineEnglishgrammarquiz,whichusedaperson,sresponsestoguesshisorhernativelanguageanddialect（方言）ofEnglish.Thenvolunteersfilledoutaquestionnaireaskingwheretheyhadlived,languagestheyhadspokenfrombirth,theageatwhichtheybeganlearningEnglishandthenumberofyearstheyhadlivedinanEnglishspeakingcountry.Intheend,theresearchersanalyzedresponsesof669,498nativeandnonnativeEnglishspeakers.StatisticalcalculationsfocusedonestimatingatwhatagespeoplewithvaryingamountsofexperiencepeakingEnglishreachedpeakgrammarability.Researcherswhostudylanguagelearningregardthenewstudyasfascinating,butexploratory.AccordingtopsycholinguistDavidBarneroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,Hartshorne,steamcan,tyetsaythatlanguageskilldevelopsalongasingletimeline.Differentelementsofgrammar,suchasusingcorrectwordorderorsubjectsandverbsthatagreewithoneanother,mightbelearnedatdifferentrates,Barnersays.It,salsounclearwhethertheresponsesofvolunteerstoanonline,132-itemgrammartestreflecthowwellofpoorlytheyactuallyspeakEnglish,hesays.Whafsmore,languagelearninginvolvesmorethanacrucialperiodforacquiringgrammar,cautionslinguistDavidBirdsongoftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forinstance,growingupspeakingtwolanguagesatonceputsstillpoorlyunderstoodburdensontheabilitytograspgrammar,hesays.Inthenewstudy,peoplewhowerebilingualsfrombirthfellshortofpeakEnglishgrammarscoresachievedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.Thafsconsistentwithevidencethatbilingualscannoteasilyturnoffonelanguagewhilespeakinganother,Birdsongsays.Interactionsbetweentonguesspokenbyonepersonmayslightlydepresshowmuchcanbelearnedaboutbothlanguages,evenifbilingualcommunicationstillreacheshighlevels,hesuggests.Hartshorneandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.onereachesahigherleveloffluencyatage107/13onelearnsasecondlanguagefastestataboutage12onegetsagoodgraspofEnglishgrammarbeforeage5one,sabilitytomastergrammardeclinesataroundage17Hartshornecollecteddatathroughsocialmediaexperimentsinthelabliteraturereviewface-to-faceinterviewsDavidBarnerbelievesthatlanguageskilldevelopsalongasingletimelineonlinevolunteersdonotcoverawideenoughrangedifferentgrammaritemsmaybeacquiredatdifferentpacesthequizinthenewstudydoesnotincludeenoughquestionsWhatcanweknowaboutbilingualsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Theycanachieveaperfectgrammarscore.Grammarlearningisthebiggestburdenforthem.Theyareabletomakeaswiftshiftbetweenlanguages.Speakingtwolanguagesaffectstheirlanguageacquisition.DThelastdecadesawtheriseofthefieldof“plantneurobiology（神经生物学）”.Thatdebatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplants whichdonotpossessbrains handleinformationinwayssimilartocomplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeintentionaldecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.Butthechancesofthatare“effectivelyzero,"LincolnTaizandcolleagueswriteinanopinionpieceinTrendsinPlantScience."There'snothingintheplantremotelycomparabletothecomplexityoftheanimalbrain,"saysTaiz,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Someplantsarecapableofcomplicatedbehavior.Woundedleavescansendwarningsignalstootherpartsoftheplant,andharmfulchemicalscanwarnanimalsthateatthem.Someplantsmayevenhaveaversionofshort-termmemory:Tinysensinghairscancountthenumberoftouchesthatcomefromaclumsyinsect.Butplantsperformthesewithequipmentthat'sverydifferentfromthenervoussystemsofanimals,nobrainrequired,Taizargues.8/13Heandcolleaguespointoutmethodological（方法的）faultsinsomeofthestudiesthatclaimplantshavebrain-likecommandcenters,animal-likenervecellsandchangingpatternsofelectricitythataresimilartoactivityfoundinanimalbrains.Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz'steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn'tevenmakesensefromanevolutionary进化的）pointofview.Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone,Taizsays.Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn'trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator（捕食者） ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.“Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taizasks.Theenergyrequiredtopowerawarenesswouldbetoocostly,andthebenefitfromsuchawarenesstoosmall.Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathreat,itwouldbewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn'thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,Taizsays.Imagineaforestfire."It'sunbearabletoevenconsidertheideathatplantswouldbeconsciousbeingsawareofthefactthatthey'rebeingburnedtoashes,watchingtheyoungtreesdieinfrontofthem,"Taizsays.Thefrighteningsceneillustrates"whatitwouldactuallycostaplanttohaveconsciousness."Furthermore,plantshaveplentytodowithouthavingtobeconscious,too.Withsunlight,carbondioxideandwater,plantscreatethecompounds（化合物）thatsustainmuchoftherestoflifeonEarth,Taizpointsout."Isn'tthatenough?"AccordingtoParagraph1,aplantneurobiologistwouldmostprobablyagreethat.plantsarecapableofindependentthinkingplantsareasbiologicallycomplexasanimalsplantsdevelopednervoussystemsforsurvivalplantsfeelemotionsinthesamewayasanimalsWhatdoestheunderlined"one”inParagraph4referto?Apredator.Ameal.Aninactiveplant.Alivingbeing.WhichstatementdoesLincholTaizbelieve?Plantspossessbrain-likecommandcenters.9/13Thelifestyleofplantsrequiresnervoussystems.Itisunnecessaryforplantstohaveconsciousness.Nervoussystemsenableplantstofighttheirpredators.LincolnTaizintroducesaforestfireto.suggestnewwaystostudythebehaviorsofplantsdiscussthepossibilityofplantsescapingadisasterillustratehowplantsmakedecisionsinfaceofdangersproveconsciousnesswoulddoplantsmoreharmthangood第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whydoesrainseemtomakeyousleepy?ThisspringontheeastcoastoftheUS,itfeelslikewe,velosttouchwiththesun.InWashington,DC,14ofthefirst17daysofMaywererainy.(46).Itmeansthatforme,Maryhasbeenoneofthemonthsl'vefeltthesleepiest.Thedullweathercanhitalmostallofoursensesinawaythatgivesasigntousitistimeforasleep.First,there'swhatwesee-orrather,whatwedon't.(47)Whenit'srainingandskiesarecloudy,wemissoutourbody'sinternalalarmclock.AsNaomi,ascientistfromCentral