（六） 动词的时态和语态

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——（六）动词的时态和语态1(六)动词的时态和语态

?考点归纳

1.2023届考试手册中注明的需把握的动词的十种时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般

将来时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时(只作理解要求)，这些时态形式如下:

现在过去将来过去将来一般时态does/dodidwill/shalldowould/shoulddo进行时态is/am/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoing完成时态has/havedonehaddone完成进行时态has/havebeendoing2.常见时态的常见用途:

⑴一般现在时表经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态；表习惯、能力、客观真理、客观存在；常用于某些从句(“主将从现〞)；常与always,often,usually等连用；可表瞬间动作；含位置移动含义的动词或表示按时间表将要发生的动作常用它代替一般将来时表该含义(如come,leave等)；特别地，表示希望(Ihope/Ibet)或表“务必〞含义的句型[see(toit),makesure,makecertain]等的that分句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来⑵现在进行时表正在进行的动作；与now,atpresent等连用；暗含计划、重复且经常(如某一习惯)、未终止等含义；表示一个现阶段或最近按计划要进行的动作；可代替一般现在时表示说话人的感情；注意有些词一般不用进行时，如wish,know,consist,belongto等

⑶现在完成时表结果；表过去发生的该动作对现在有影响；常与since+时间点或for+时间段连用；将现在与过去建立联系；表示延续的动作，瞬间动词(join,bedead等)此时不能使用

⑷一般过去时含“过去如此，现在并非如此〞之意；常与lastyear等连用；有时，由于某些如until,before的连接词已说明句中动词发生的先后顺序，故既可用它也可用一般过去时

e.g.Thetrain(had)leftbeforeIreachedthestation.

⑸过去进行时表过去正在进行的动作；从句中常用于表示两个过去发生的动作同时发生(某些工具书中将其说做“为另一动作提供背景〞，有些句子含有突然发生之意)⑹过去完成时需以过去某一时间为前提；与一般过去时连用强调动作的时间先后顺序；表意愿动词用该时态表示愿望未实现

⑺一般将来时表将来；常与tomorrow等连用；begoingto表示计划、预计；betodo表示按计划要发生，有时也表示命令；常见于祈使句、themore…themore等句型

⑻过去将来时(woulddo)表示过去时间后的动作；多见于间接引语

⑼现在完成进行时表动作从过去一直持续到当前，是否继续下去未知；有时带有感情色调

⑽将来进行时表将来按计划进行的动作

3.时态的关系:常用时间轴表示两时态间的先后问题，便于解题

4.动词的语态:主动与被动；表被动时动词的基本形式是bedone；一般在动作执行者不

明确、不重要等状况下，或出于行文流畅的需要，会运用被动语态；被动语态的形式如下:现在过去将来过去将来一般时态is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedoneshould/wouldbedone进行时态is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成时态has/havebeendonehadbeendone说明:被动语态不用于将来进行时态和各完成进行时态

5.不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态(如takeplace,happen等)；当相互代词(eachother等)或反

身代词为动词宾语时，句子不能被转换成被动语态；大量词组无被动语态，如consistof,belongto

6.被动常用句式:itisreportedthat/getsth.done等

被动句型的转换:Peoplebelievethatheisill.→Itisbelievedthatheisill.(TypeI)

→Heisbelievedtobeill.(TypeII)2注意转换过程中，that分句中的谓语动词表将来时则II句型(TypeII)变为tobedoing，如谓语动词表示过去时间或现在完成时，则II句型变为tohavedone7.一些“主动表被动〞的固定搭配:

系动词??起来某些vi.+某些adv.can’t/won’t+某些vi.Thethingprovedtrue./Thefoodsmellsnice./Thebooksellswell./Mycarcan’tmove./Itwritessmoothly.对于第三个例子的这类动词，有多种不同的理解。常见工具书将其定义成如下两种类型:①多数既可作vt.又可作vi.的动词，若动作发出者(施动者)无需强调(不强调被动)或已明确时多用主动，如Ifthesituationathomedoesn’timprove,I’llhavetomoveout.②对于既可作vt.又可作vi.的动词，若句子主语(物居多)具有内在特征，能够促使动词动作得以实现或难以实现时，常用主动表被动；综上所述，试比较:

Shedoesn’tphotographwell.Shehasn’tbeenphotographedwell.她不上照。(取决与主语内在特征)她的照没有被拍好。(或取决于摄像师)

同理，以下句子中:Thesentencesreadclearly.Thesentencesarereadclearly.Thevasebreakseasily.ThevaseisbrokenbyPeter.针对sentences，指句子没有歧义针对人，指读的人读得好针对vase，指花瓶的属性为易碎针对人，指客观事实，人将花瓶打碎

8.如open,close,shut,lock等表属性的动词一般用主动表示被动；不定式toblame作表语

时用主动表示被动；be+a.+todo结构，如形容词难为易形容词(或称为表属性的形容词)，多用主动表示被动；若不定式的规律主语为句子主语，用主动表示被动；某些形容词结构(如too…to/…enoughtodo)，此时多用主动表示被动；beworth等特别结构用主动表示被动9.need/want/require表“需要〞，deserve表“值得〞等动词用主动表示被动；结构为need/want/require/deserve+doing/tobedone10.注意翻译中汉语与英语的被动结构的互译:汉语不出现主语(昨天抓到一个特务。)?英语被动(Aspywascaughtyesterday.)汉语主动表被动(这种料子很好销售。)?英语主动(Thiskindofmaterialsellswell.)汉语主动表被动(图书馆将提前竣工。)?英语被动(Thenewlibrarywillbecompletedaheadoftime.)11.注意某些不带to的不定式在被动语态时需还原to?考前稳定

I.Putintheappropriateformofthegivenverbs.

1.I_______(wash)myclotheswhenthebell_______(ring).

2.We_______(make)atriptotheWestLakeassoonasthework_______(finish).

3.―_______you_______(buy)thedictionary?‖―No,Ihaven’t.WhenI_______(get)tothe

bookstoreyesterday,allthedictionaries_______already_______(sell)out.‖4.Tom,youraunt_______(come)thisafternoon.

5.Theteachersaidthattheearth_______(move)roundthesun.

.3.It_______(get)dark.Whatabout_______(go)homeatonce?Useyourheadandyou_______(find)abetterway.Look!Someone_______(lie).Seethatyou_____(be)readyat8.

Mysister_____(live)athomeforthemoment.

Don’ttalktome.I_____(try)tolearnthispagebyheart.Comequickly,I_____(smell)burning.

Thisisthethirdtimeyou_____(be)here.Whatexactlyyou_____(come)fornow?

II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesbyusing“TypeI〞and“TypeII〞..5.

Peoplethinkthatheiscoming.

Weknowthatyouwereintownonthenightofthecrime.

ThereisareportthatunidentifiedflyingobjectswereseenoverNewJerseylastnight.Peopleknowhimtobeagoodteacher.

WeunderstandthatshewasthebestsingerthatAustraliahaseverproduced.

III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

Payattentiontothetense(时),aspect(体，即进行体、完成体)andvoice(态，即主动态、被动态)...2.

到下周末，我在这儿就整整一年了。(By)

下星期你从陕西省回来，探讨会已经终止。(when)上星期他每天都来看我。(see)

一有消息我就给你打电话。(directly)

有人建议会议推迟到下周四举行。(suggest)

不久以后一些药品的价格将再一次下调。(before)应当勉励学生用多种方法解决同一问题。(encourage)

各个地区采取了措施，使未能回家的人一起过了个开心年。(sothat)这对夫妇眼下渴望着去欧洲旅行。(look)网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular)这本杂志花了我30多元。(cost)

据说，中国人比西方人更早使用纸币。(It)

IV.Choosethebestanswer.

1.Bytheendoflastterm,hehadwrittentoanumberofcolleges,receivedthreelettersof

acceptance,and_____twocampuses.A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.haveseen2.Hedecidedtogotothemuseumassoonashe_____.A.finisheswhathedidB.wouldfinishwhathewasdoingC.finishedwhathedidD.finishedwhathewasdoing

3.WhileMary_____apailofmilkfromthebarntothekitchen,shespilledsomeofitonher

skirt.A.carriedB.hadcarriedC.wascarryingD.hadtocarry4.Accordingtothetimetable,theaeroplaneforSanFrancisco_____ateighto’clockinthe

morning.A.willleaveB.isgoingtoleaveC.hasleftD.leaves

5.Ms.Green_____intownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobeacquaintedwitheveryone

whocomestothestore.

6.7.

held

8.Adesertareathathasbeenwithoutwaterforsixyearswillstillbloomwhenrain_____.A.willcomeB.isgoingtocomeC.comesD.havecome9.Noneofusunderstoodhowhe_____topasstheexam.A.canmanageB.hasmanagedC.hadmanagedD.manage10.Yousee,we_____forparentsallmorningyesterday,butnobodycame.A.werewaitingB.hadwaitedC.waitedD.hadbeenwaiting

11.She_____herconsciousnesswhentherescuersfoundherinthesnowandsavedherjustin

time.A.waslosingB.hadlostC.lostD.hadbeenlosing

12.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,Shanghai_____asmalltownontheHuangpuRiver.A.hadremainedB.wasremainedC.wasremainingD.remained

13.Theadvantagesofcomputerizedtypingandediting_____toallthewrittenlanguagesofthe4world.A.arenowbeingextendedB.havenowbeenextendedC.willextendD.isnowextended14.He_____thearmybytheendof1992.He_____inthearmysincethen.A.joined…isB.hasjoined…hasbeenC.hadjoined…isD.hadjoined…hasbeen

15.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_____increasedenormously

eversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen16.–HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?–Ihavenoidea.He_____itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone

17.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_____thePacific,and

wemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled

18.–Howareyoutoday?

–Oh,I_____asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt19.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_____easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel20.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____so

rapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willchangeD.wouldchange21.I_____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play22.Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting_____togoforatleastamilliondollars.

A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.livedD.livesDon’ttellhimanythingaboutmewhenyou_____withhimtomorrow.A.aretalkingB.willtalkC.willbetalkedD.wouldtalkTheOlympicGames,firstcelebratedinAthensin1896,_____everyfouryearssofarthiscentury,exceptduringthetwoworldwars.A.aretakenplaceB.wereheldC.hadbeenheldD.havebeen

A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting23.Thelittlegirl_____herheartoutbecauseshe_____hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’t

evergoingtofindit.A.hadcried…lostB.cried…hadlostC.hascried…haslostD.cries…haslost

24.JohnandI_____friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.

Butwe_____eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen…haveseenB.havebeen…haveseenC.hadbeen…hadseenD.havebeen…hadseen25.–Sorry,Joe,Ididn’tmeanto…

–Don’tcallme―Joe‖.I’mMr.Parkertoyou,and_____youforgetit!A.doB.didn’tC.didD.don’t

26.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown27.–Howlong_____DavidandVicky_____married?

–Foraboutthreeyears.A.were…beingB.have…gotC.have…beenD.did…get

28.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I____forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshut

down.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know29.Comeandseemewhenever_____.A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenient

30.Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_____hersomewhere.A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen31.–GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?

–No,I_____.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?

5A.wasnotinvitedB.haven’tbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’ti