2023年湖南省永州市高考英语二模试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年湖南省永州市高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。

Areyoulookingforsomethingtooccupyyourkidsintheupcomingwinterholiday？ThefollowingbooksrecommendedbyJeffKinneymaybeyourbestchoices.

ClassAct：NewKidbyJerryCraft

Agraphicnovelwithheartandhumor，eighth-graderDrewEllisisoneofthefewkidsofcolorataninfluentialprivateschool.Associalpressuresmount，"willDrewfindawaytobridgethedividesoheandhisfriendscantrulyaccepteachother？Andmostimportantly，willhefinallybeabletoaccepthimself？"thepublishersynopsis（出版商简介）asks.

ThreeKeysbyKellyYang

Asequel（续篇）totheaward-winningnovelFrontDeskninth-graderMiafacessomenewchallengesatschoolandathomeinherfamily'sCalivistaMotel."Butifanyonecanfindthekeytogettingthroughunsettledtimes，"theauthor'sdescriptionreads，"it'sMiaTang！"

TheLastLast-Day-of-SummerbyLamarGiles

Amagicalstorywithimaginationandheroismabouttwoadventurouscousinswhowishforanextendedsummerandaccidentallyfreezetime.Accordingtothepublisher'ssynopsis，theteenagerslearnthat"thesecretshiddenbetweentheseconds，minutes，andhoursaren'tquitetheendlessfuntheyexpected!"

BoysWillBeHumanbyJustinBaldoni

Aself-esteembuildingguidebookforboysages13andup，producer，actorandauthorBaldoniexploresthesocialandemotionallearningaroundconfidence，courage，strengthandmanhood."Thisbookisn'taboutlearningtherulesoftheboys'club，"asloganreads，"it'saboutUNLEARNINGthem."1.Whoarethefourbooksintendedfor？______A.Parents. B.Teenagers. C.Authors. D.Publishers.2.Whichbooktellsdifficultiesfrombothschoolandhome？______A.ClassAct：NewKid. B.ThreeKeys.

C.TheLastLast-Day-of-Summer. D.BoysWillBeHuman.3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage？______A.Miafacesgreatsocialpressures.

B.ThreeKeysisanaward-winningnovel.

C.Thestoryaboutthetwocousinsisimaginative.

D.BoysWillBeHumanisabookaboutselfishness.BAperfumerisresponsiblefordesigningandcomposingperfumesandotherfragrancecompositions.Tobecomeaperfumer，itisimportanttofollowarecognizedtrainingataperfumeschool.Thetrainingtobecomeaperfumerwillgenerallytakeatleasttenyears.Attheendofthetraining，aperfumermustbeabletodistinguishandnameaboutthreethousanddifferentbasicchemicalodors（气味）.Asaperfumer，youalsohavetodealwithanumberofimportantrulesoflifethataperfumermustobserve，suchasnotdrinkingalcohol，noteatingspicydishesandnotsmoking，becausethiswillseriouslyaffectthesenseofsmellofaperfumer.

Professionalperfumersshouldinmostcasesberegardedaschemists.Asdescribedearlier，becomingaprofessionalperfumerisnoteasy，becauseitisalongandheavytraining.Itisonlythemajorinternationalperfumebrandsthatemployprofessionalperfumers.Thisdoesnotchangethefactthatanyonecantrytodesignperfumesindependently.Therearequitealotofpeopleactiveinthefieldofmakingperfume，butthesepeoplecannotbeclassifiedasprofessionalperfumers.

Thedevelopmentofnewperfumesisimportant，becausegoodperfumescanbringinalotofmoneyformanufacturers.Thosewell-knownperfumesareusuallyexpensive，becauseperfumemanufacturersspendalotofbudgetondevelopmentandmarketing.Thecostofperfumeisusuallynotinthefragranceorperfumebottle.Itisthecostsinthedevelopmentandthemarketingthatmakegoodperfumeexpensive.Inaddition，perfumemanufacturersspendalotoftimeconductingmarketresearchandstyling.

Howexactlyaperfumerandtheperfumeindustryworkisofcourseabigsecret，butingeneral，aperfumerspendsalldaysmellingandputtingtogetherdifferentscentsinordertobeabletocomeupwithanewperfume.Nowadays，computersarealsousedtofurtheranalyzecertainodors.Newfragrancesareusuallymadeindifferentvariantsuntilthebestresultisachievedandtheperfumecompanyissatisfied.Developinganewperfumescentgenerallytakesseveralmonthsafteralotoftesting.4.Whatshouldaperfumerbeabletodo？______A.Eatspicyfoodtostimulatethesense.

B.Distinguishthreethousandchemicalsmells.

C.Removelifehabitsaffectingthesenseofsmell.

D.Takeaten-year-longtrainingataperfumeschool.5.Whichstatementisrightaboutprofessionalperfumers？______A.Chemistsstudyingsmellsareprofessionalperfumers.

B.Peopleproducingperfumesactivelyareprofessionalperfumers.

C.Peopledesigningperfumesindependentlyareprofessionalperfumers.

D.Internationalperfumebrandsemployprofessionalperfumers.6.Whatcontributestothehighexpenseofgoodperfumes？______A.Costinperfumedevelopmentandmarketing.

B.Costinfragrancecollectionandproduction.

C.Expenseinmakingstylishperfumebottle.

D.Expenseinconductingmarketfeedbackresearch.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesaperfumer'swork？______A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Painstaking. D.Old-fashioned.CAlthoughmostdietsvaryaccordingtowhatfoodsyoucaneat，theyallfollowthesameprincipleofrestrictiontoloseweight—youneedtoeatless.Thenow-trendydietofintuitiveeatingis，inasense，ananti-diet：followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel，notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.

Theconceptwasfirstproposedinthemid-90sbyregistereddietitiansElyseReschandEvelynTribole，whowroteIntuitiveEating.Thefirststepistorejecttheideathatyouneedtobeonadiettobehealthy.You'reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself"permission"toeatallfoods，torejecttheideaof"good"and"bad"foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally，youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise，findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.

Oneofthebiggestmisunderstandingsaroundintuitiveeatingisthatnutrition.Curiously，researchesshowsthatinatraditionaldiet，caloricrestrictionisusuallyfollowedbyabinge（放纵），wherethebody'sprimarydrivetomakesureitgetsenoughcaloriesismoreimportantthananydesiresfornutritionormoderation（自我节制），whichleadstodisorderedeatingpatterns.However，becauseintuitiveeatingallowsallfoodsonthetable，practitionerscanmakesmall，slowchangesthatultimatelyaremorelong-lasting-towardeatingmorenutritionally.

Thereisn'tstrongresearchtobackupclaimsthatintuitiveeatinghelpswithlosingweightoreatingmore-nutritiousfood.However，inKeller'sexperience，aregistereddietitianinCalgary，intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition，intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood，comparedtotraditionaldieters.Kellersays，"Whenpeopledecide

todiet，whattheyactuallywantistofeelcomfortableandconfidentandhealthyintheirownbody.Peoplehavetobereadytoovercometheirconstantdesiretoloseweightandcontroltheirbody，andtorealizethatchanginghowtheylookontheoutsideisn'tgoingtochangethosethingsontheinside."8.Whatdoweknowaboutintuitiveeating？______A.Ithelpsfollowerstoloseweightbyeatingless.

B.Itprohibitsfollowersfromeatingwhattheylike.

C.Itencourageseaterstobeonadiettobehealthy.

D.Itadviseseaterstobehealthierbyexercisingmore.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"goesoutthewindow"meaninthethirdparagraph？______A.Exports. B.Disappears. C.Destroys. D.Distributes.10.WhatistheKeller'sattitudetointuitiveeating？______A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Doesintuitiveeatingbeataconventionaldiet？

B.Howdoesintuitiveeatingwork？

C.Willintuitiveeatinghelplosemoreweight？

D.Shouldwebothertoloseweight？DOnemorningafewyearsago，athomeintheMänoaValleyonOahu，scientistKimberlyCarlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.Thatwasn'tashocker：Hawaiiispossiblythebestplaceintheworldtoseerainbowstoday，andManoahasparticularlyidealconditionsforclearbows：frequentrainshowersandsunlight.ButCarlson，nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity，realizedshedidn'tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion：WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii'sandthewholeplanet'sbreathtakingrainbows？Shesharedthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolleagues，anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinvestigate.

"Rainbowsarenotspecialbecausetheirbasicingredientsarecommonandgovernedbyrelativelystraightforwardphysics."Thebasicrecipeforseeinganypartofthenaturalrainbow，"saysLee，"issunlitrain."

InNovember，theypublishedtheirfindings."Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows——nowweknowthat'strue，"saysCarlson，theleadauthoronthepaper，whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofclimatechange，manypartsoftheworld-particularlyplacesnearertothepoles，likeAlaskaorSiberia，willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richdaysbytheendofthecentury.

Thechangesfollowbroaderpatternsofclimatechange；infact，theshiftshighlightsomeofthebiggestrisksanddangers.TheincreasesintheArctic，forexample，arelikelytoplayoutbecausewaterthatusedtofallfromtheskyassnowwillmoreoftendropdownasraininahotterfuture.Andtoday'srainbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest，whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain，willlosethatsuperpowerasitshrinks，andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweatherpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall.12.WhydoestheauthormentionCarlson'sexperienceinparagraph1？______A.Toexplainarule. B.Tointroduceatopic.

C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.13.Whatisthemostimportantreasonofseeinganaturalrainbow？______A.Frequentsunlight. B.Frequentrainshowers.

C.Thesunlitrain. D.Thegeographicposition.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout？______A.Climatechangecausesmorerainbows.

B.Morerainbowsworsentheclimatecondition.

C.TherewillbelessrainbowsinSiberia.

D.ThetemperaturewillbelowerinAlaska.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？______A.TheremaybemoresnowthanrainintheArctic.

B.Rainbowswillbeontheincreasealways.

C.Increaseofrainbowsisanaturalphenomenon.

D.Amazonmaysufferfromdroughtmorefrequently.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Productivityseemstobetheholygrail（圣杯）oftheworkingworld.Imaginetheperfectday—workingfromdusktodawn，aproductivitymachine.Thankfully，aproductivelifestyleisn'tallthatdifficulttoachieve.(1)Inlinewiththat，herearesomestepshighlyproductivepeopledothatyoucancarryoutinyourownlife.

There'sonethingeveryonemusthaveincommon-listeningtoourbodies.Ifwedon'tlistentoourbodies，productivityisn'tsustainable.(2)Theynoticesignssuchaslackofsleepandconstantlyfeelingtired.But，mostimportantly，theyact.Duringtheworkingday，highlyproductivepeopleknowhowtheirbodiesworkandadapttheirschedules.Forexample，bydoingsmalltasksfirst，productivepeoplesetthemselvesupforasuccessfulafternoon.

(3)Everyminuteismaximizedtoitsfullpotential，whetherit'srelaxingafterworkoraperiodofdeepwork.Forstarters，organizationaltoolssuchasTrelloarepopular，andwithgoodreason.(4)EmailmarketershavemoreattractivetoolssuchasConvert-Kitthatautomatetheemailsequence.Automatingmaysometimesbeannoyingtosetup，butitsavessomuchtimewhichbetterusedelsewhere.Whenyoulearntomaximizeyourtimeashighlyproductivepeopledo，maintaininglongerperiodsofefficientworkbecomeseasier，

Thebenefitsofprioritizingdowntimecannotbeunderstated.Sleep，theultimaterest，isvitaltoaproductiveperson'sweapon.Forexample，astudyfoundthatwhenyousleepforfourhoursorlessconsistently，yourthinkingabilitydeclinestotheequivalentofaddingabouteightyearsinage.Besides，asweknow，yourbodyneedstimeofffromwork.Thinkofthefamousmetaphor：youcan'tshootanarrowwithoutfirstpullingitback.(5).

A.Youmustrestbeforeyougoagain.

B.Youdon'tneedtogetanythingdone.

C.Thetoolskeepyourmindincheckandfocushigh.

D.Highlyproductivepeopleknowwhenthey'reburningout.

E.Allhighlyproductivepeoplemanagetheirtimeeffectively.

F.However，usefultoolslikeConvert-KitextendbeyondTrello.

G.Tobeaproductiveperson，youneedsimpleandpracticalsteps.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Igrewupfishingwithmyfatherinhisboat.Weoftensawother(21)，attheboatlaunch，and(22)we'dgreeteachotherwith，"Catchanything？"whichwouldusuallymoveintoacomparisonoftheday's(23)，ortradedsuggestionsonlures（鱼饵）.

MysonGordonisnowgrowingupfishing.Helovestofish.Hecanspendafullday，sunrisetosundown，(24)hislineandchanginglures.He'srelativelyunsociableandusuallyquite(25)totalktostrangers；butiftheyareasimilarfisher-person，he(26)instantly.

WhenwewerevisitingParis，onoureveningwalkbacktoour(27)，onaquietpartoftheSeine，Gordon(28)afisherman.Draggingusdownseveralstaircasestoreachtheriver'sedge，we(29)thefishermanforaconversationabouthiscatch.DespiteGordonspeakingalmostnoFrench，theyhada（an）(30)conversationasheshoweduswhathecaughtandindicatedifitwasagoodsizeor(31)thannormal，anditendedupwithGordonbeing(32)afish，whichwecookedthatnight.Theysharedjoyinfishing，andreachedacrosslanguageandage(33).

Recentlywalkingalongtheriver's(34)inCalgary，Isawapersonfishing.Icouldn'thelpcallingout，"Catchanything？"Notmissingabeatinhiscast，theguycalledback，"Yeah，acoupleofsmallrainbows（虹鳟鱼）！"It'saconversationwewouldhavehadand(35)understoodinanycountryorinanylanguage.21.

A.folks B.fishes C.boats D.strangers22.

A.withoutfaultI B.withoutcontrol

C.withoutfail D.withoutreason23.

A.catch B.weather C.wonder D.trade24.

A.hiding B.casting C.fixing D.dragging25.

A.brave B.disappointed C.reluctant D.willing26.

A.stands B.connects C.combines D.withdraws27.

A.launch B.attraction C.hometown D.accommodation28.

A.texted B.inspected C.spotted D.invited29.

A.wentout B.lookedout C.watchedout D.soughtout30.

A.great B.uncomfortable C.brief D.plain31.

A.older B.smaller C.fresher D.stronger32.

A.lent B.sold C.given D.showed33.

A.merits B.worries C.courses D.barriers34.

A.edge B.centre C.bottom D.flow35.

A.partly B.hardly C.critically D.fully四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

JiJiahe,fromNo.2HighSchoolofEastChinaNormalUniversity,wantstohelppeoplearoundhimwhoaresufferingfromdepression.Histeamprojectwonfirstprizeinthe2022BrainChallenge,

(1)

isheldbyBrainBeeforyoungstudents,andthisyear

(2)

(be)thethirdyearofthecompetitionsince2020.

Ji'sproject,aidedbytwootherfriendsandteammembersZouRuoyaoandZhangYutian,hasaninterestingnamecalledLeBuSiShu(“乐不思鼠”).Theyhavefocused

(3)

innovatingthetailsuspensiontest(悬尾实验).

(4)

(normal)inatailsuspensiontest,ratswithdepression

(5)

(divide)intotwogroups,withonlyonegroupinjected(注入)withthenewantidepressantwhoseefficacyisabouttobetested.Thetwogroupsofratsarehungbytheir

(6)

(tail).Researchersobservehowlongeachgroupofratsstrugglestofree

(7)

(they).Histeamalsocameupwiththeideaofusingcomputerstoquantify

(8)

calculaterats'movements.Researcherscandecidewhethereachmovementcountsbasedonthenumbersthatthecomputergives,

(9)

(use)theweighingscale(体重计)tocaptureeverysinglemovementofarat.

Inthefuture,Jiwantstobecomearesearcher.“Ithinkthemostfundamentalway

(10)

(help)isdevelopingmedicines,sothat'sthefieldIwillbeworkingon.”Jiadded.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校本周五将举办一场关于消防安全（firesafety）知识的讲座，请你代表校学生会写一则通知。内容包括：

（1）讲座的时间、地点；

（2）讲座的内容；

（3）欢迎大家积极参加。

注意：

（1）词数80左右；

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：灭火器fireextinguisher火灾逃生演练fireescapedrill

Notice_______

Students'Union38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。"JAMIEEVANS."

Ohno.PleasetellmethatCoachCaffertydidNOTjustsaymyname.Notfortheone-hundred-meterbreaststroke（蛙泳）.Exceptalleyeswereturnedtomewhensheannouncedit，andhereyesmetmineovertheclipboard（剪贴板）thatheldthelistofeventsandswimmersforthePlainTownshipAquaticCentermeet.ThePTACmeetwasthefirstoftheseason，andIwasnotready.

"Remember，themeetisonWednesdaynight.Behereatfour-thirtyforandtheracekicksoffatsix.I'llseeyouatpracticetomorrow."CoachCaffertyadded.ThecrowdclearedquicklyandIheadedbackhome，feelingdesperate.

"DidyoufindoutyoureventsforWednesday？"Momaskedassheslidthepizzaboxacrossthetabletome.

"Yeah.One-hundredbreaststroke，"Ifinallysaid，notmeetinghereyes."Idon'tknowwhyCoachdidn'tgivemebackstroke（仰泳）.Sheknowsit'smybest.Ican'tswimbreaststroke！"

"Maybesheseessomethingyoudon't."Momsaid.

"OrmaybeIshouldjustquittheswimteam."

Momfrowned."Isthatwhatyouwant？"

Isighed."No."Itookabiteofmypizza."I'mterribleatbreaststroke.WhathappenswhenIshowuponWednesdayandrace，andIsinktothebottomofthepool？Orevenworse，comeinlast？"

"Someonehastobelast."Mompointedout.

"ButIdon'tevenknowifIcanswimbreaststrokeforone-hundredmeters!"Isetmypizzadown."Shehadsubmittedthenames，butthere'snowayIcandothis."

"Youcould.Buthowwillyouknowunlessyoutry？"Mompersuaded.

"Yeah，butifItry，Icouldfail.Infrontofeveryone."IpicturedtheentirecrowdwatchingasIfinishedlast，pointingandlaughing.Mybellysqueezed.

MomsetherpizzadownandgavemeherI'm-saying-something-important-so-listenface."Don'tworryaboutotherpeople.Justraceagainstyourself.Forgetaboutanythingelseexceptdoingyourbestandswimmingyourownrace.Provetoyourselfthatyoucandoit."

Somehow，thereseemedamysteriouspowerinherwordscomfortingmyunsettlingheartandIdecidedtohaveatry.Thenextday，Iwasatpracticeasrequired.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1：Thefirstpracticewasadisaster.

_______

Paragraph2：Theneverythingcrashedinthelast5metersoftherace.

_______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Areyoulookingforsomethingtooccupyyourkidsintheupcomingwinterholiday？ThefollowingbooksrecommendedbyJeffKinneymaybeyourbestchoices.（在即将到来的寒假里，你是否正在为你的孩子找点事情做呢？以下杰夫•肯尼推荐的书可能是你最好的选择。）可推断，这四本书是写给青少年的，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据ThreeKeysbyKellyYang介绍内容Asequel（续篇）totheaward-winningnovelFrontDeskninth-graderMiafacessomenewchallengesatschoolandathomeinherfamily'sCalivistaMotel.（获奖小说《前台》的续集九年级学生米娅在学校和家里的卡利维斯塔汽车旅馆面临着一些新的挑战。）可知，《三把钥匙》讲述了来自学校和家庭的困难。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据TheLastLast-Day-of-SummerbyLamarGiles介绍内容Amagicalstorywithimaginationandheroismabouttwoadventurouscousinswhowishforanextendedsummerandaccidentallyfreezetime.（这是一个充满想象力和英雄主义的神奇故事，讲述了两个爱冒险的表兄妹希望延长夏天，却意外地冻结了时间。）可知，《暑假的最后一天》这本书关于两个表兄妹的故事很有想象力。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍4本供孩子寒假里阅读的书。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Asaperfumer，youalsohavetodealwithanumberofimportantrulesoflifethataperfumermustobserve，suchasnotdrinkingalcohol，noteatingspicydishesandnotsmoking，becausethiswillseriouslyaffectthesenseofsmellofaperfumer.（作为调香师，你还要处理一些调香师必须遵守的重要生活规则，比如不喝酒、不吃辣菜、不抽烟，因为这会严重影响调香师的嗅觉。）可知，调香师应该消除影响嗅觉的生活习惯。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Itisonlythemajorinternationalperfumebrandsthatemployprofessionalperfumers.（只有主要的国际香水品牌才会聘请专业调香师。）可知，国际香水品牌会聘请专业调香师。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Itisthecostsinthedevelopmentandthemarketingthatmakegoodperfumeexpensive.（好的香水之所以昂贵，是因为开发和营销的成本。）可知，导致了优质香水的高昂成本的是香水开发和营销成本。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Howexactlyaperfumerandtheperfumeindustryworkisofcourseabigsecret，butingeneral，aperfumerspendsalldaysmellingandputtingtogetherdifferentscentsinordertobeabletocomeupwithanewperfume.（调香师和香水行业究竟是如何工作的当然是一个很大的秘密，但总的来说，调香师整天都在闻不同的气味，并把不同的气味组合在一起，以便能够想出一款新香水。）可推断，调香师的工作辛苦的。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了调香师这一职业。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】D、B、A、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Thenow-trendydietofintuitiveeatingis，inasense，ananti-diet：followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel，notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.（从某种意义上说，现在流行的直觉饮食是一种反对节食的饮食：鼓励追随者根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，而不是根据规定的限制或卡路里计数。）第二段Thefirststepistorejecttheideathatyouneedtobeonadiettobehealthy.You'reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself"permission"toeatallfoods，torejecttheideaof"good"and"bad"foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally，youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise，findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.（第一步是要拒绝那种认为你需要节食才能保持健康的想法。你也被鼓励给自己吃所有食物的"许可"，拒绝"好和"坏食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状。最后，通过增加锻炼，找到比食物更好的方法来缓解情绪，慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，你的身体会变得更健康。）可知，直觉饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝"好和"坏"食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，同时通过增加锻炼，进而慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，让自己变得更健康。故选D。

（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后句Curiously，researchesshowsthatinatraditionaldiet，caloricrestrictionisusuallyfollowedbyabinge（放纵），wherethebody'sprimarydrivetomakesureitgetsenoughcaloriesismoreimportantthananydesiresfornutritionormoderation（自我节制），whichleadstodisorderedeatingpatterns.（奇怪的是，研究表明，在传统饮食中，热量限制通常会导致暴饮暴食，在这种情况下，身体获得足够热量的主要驱动力比任何对营养或适度的渴望都更重要，这会导致饮食模式紊乱。）可知，在传统饮食中，热量限制会使得身体对获得足够热量的渴望超过对任何对营养的渴望，最终导致饮食模式素乱。可推知，划线部分所在句子One

of

the

biggest

misunderstandings

around

intuitive

eating

is

that

nutrition

.的意思是：关于直觉饮食的最大误解之一是营养缺乏。所以划线词此处的和选项B"disappear"的含义"消失"相一致，A.Exports.出口；B.Disappears.消失；C.Destroys.毁灭；D.Distributes.分发。故选B。

（3）观点态度题。根据最后一段中inKeller'sexperience，aregistereddietitianinCalgary，intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition，intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood，comparedtotraditionaldieters.（根据凯勒的经验，他是卡尔加里的一名注册营养师，直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重。此外，与传统的节食者相比，直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。）可知，Keller认为直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重，且直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。由此推知，对于直觉饮食他是赞同的。A.Favorable.支持的；B.Intolerant.无法容忍的；C.Doubtful.怀疑的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故选A。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段Althoughmostdietsvaryaccordingtowhatfoodsyoucaneat，theyallfollowthe

sameprincipleofrestrictiontoloseweight-youneedtoeatless.Thenow-trendydietofintuitiveeatingis，inasense，ananti-diet：followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel，notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.（虽然大多数饮食根据你可以吃什么食物而有所不同，但它们都遵循同样的减肥限制原则一你需要吃得更少。从某种意义上说，现在流行的直觉饮食是-种反对节食的饮食：鼓励追随者根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，而不是根据规定的限制或卡路里计数。）第二段中You'reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself"emission"toeatallfoods，torejecttheideaof"good"and"bad"foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally，youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise，findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.（你也被鼓励给自己吃所有食物的"许可"，拒绝"好"和"坏"食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状。最后，通过增加锻炼，找到比食物更好的方法来缓解情绪，慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，你的身体会变得更健康。）最后一段intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition，intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood，comparedtotraditionaldieters.（直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重。此外，与传统的节食者相比，直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。）可知，文章主要提到相对于传统饮食中认为节食可以增加健康，直觉性饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝"好"和"坏"食物。通过更多的锻炼，进而变得更健康。因而本文主要讲述针对直觉性饮食方法的讨论，所以"直觉性饮食是否胜过传统饮食？"可以作为本文本题，故选A。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要提到相对于传统饮食中认为节食可以增加健康，而直觉性饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝"好"和"坏"食物。通过更多的锻炼，进而变得更健康。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Carlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.（卡尔森向窗外望去，看到一道彩虹如此明亮清晰，让她屏住了呼吸。）及ButCarlson，nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity，realizedshedidn'tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion：WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii'sandthewholeplanet'sbreathtakingrainbows？Shesharedthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolleagues，anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinvestigate.（但是卡尔森现在是纽约大学的环境科学教授，她意识到她不知道一个简单问题的答案：气候变化会影响夏威夷和整个地球上令人惊叹的彩虹吗？她与一些气候科学家同事分享了这个问题，他们对此非常感兴趣，于是他们招募了一班学生进行调查。）可知，本段中提到卡尔森教授多年前的这次经历，是为了引出本段中他们招募了学生进行调查的原因。即是为了引入本文讨论的话题。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"Thebasicrecipeforseeinganypartofthenaturalrainbow，"saysLee，"issunlitrain."（"看到自然彩虹任何部分的基本方法，"李说，"就是阳光照耀的雨。"）可知，看到自然彩虹最重要的原因是阳光普照的雨。故选C。

（3）段落大意题。根据第三段InNovember，theypublishedtheirfindings."Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows—nowweknowthat'strue，"saysCarlson，theleadauthoronthepaper，whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofclimatechange，manypartsoftheworld-particularlyplacesnearertothepoles，likeAlaskaorSiberia，willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richdaysbytheendofthecentury.（11月，他们发表了他们的发现。"气候变化正在影响彩虹——现在我们知道这是真的，"该论文的主要作者卡尔森表示。该论文利用计算机模型来模拟未来可见彩虹的条件。随着主要天气模式因气候变化而发生变化，世界上许多地方——尤其是靠近两极的地方，比如阿拉斯加或西伯利亚——将会有更多的降雨，到本世纪末，可能会增加几十个彩虹多的日子。）可知，第3段的主要内容是气候变化导致更多彩虹。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Andtoday'srainbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest，whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain，willlosethatsuperpowerasitshrinks，andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweatherpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall.（而今天这个彩虹般富饶的亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱，一方面是因为目前正在产生雨水的森林，随着它的萎缩，将失去这种超级力量，另一方面是因为全球范围内的气候变化正在改变和改变导致热带降雨的主要天气模式。）可推知，未来亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱。故选D。

这是一篇说明文。文章通过卡尔森多年前的一次看到彩虹的经历，进而提出气候变化正在影响彩虹，而随着气候的变化，未来在靠近两极的地方，尤其是阿拉斯加或西伯利亚——将会有更多的降雨，从而增加几十个彩虹多的日子。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的