2023年考研外语考前密押卷15

考研外语考前密押卷15一、UseofEnglish1、Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedantiintellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalso(1)untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong(2)thatthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orforthearts(3).Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe(4)inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis(5)throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly(6);itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The(7)forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch(8).Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach(9)withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,subjectedto(10)misinformation,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare3、Theauthorquotedthestudiesofteachers'readingtoshowthatA.Howleyconductedsophisticatedresearches.B.therearetwopatternsofteachers'reading.teachersshouldreadmorebooks.thereadingpatternsleadtothepresentsituationofAmericanteachers.Theword〃it〃(Line3,Paragraph5)mostprobablyreferstothestateofbeingrespectedandwell-paid.thewishtobecomethebestandbrighteststudents.C.acultureamongtheadultsthatembracenewideas.D.thepassionforlearningandacademics.ItcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatA.thebrighteststudentswillchoosetoworkasteachers.teacherswillreadacademicbooksintheirsparetime.teachersplaykeyrolesinbuildingintellectualculture.thesocialstatusofAmericanteachersisquitehighnowadays.6、Foralmosttenyears,NoelHeathandGlenroyMatthew,betterknownas〃Zambo〃and〃Bobo〃，haveescapedattemptsbytheUnitedStatestoextraditethemfromtheirhomesontheprettylittleislandofSt.Kittstofacechargesofcocainetrafficking.TheircreativelegalteamhastwicetakenthecasetothePrivyCouncilinLondon,stillthefinalappealcourtformostofBritain'sformerCaribbeancolonies.Bothtimes,mostrecentlylastNovember,apanelofBritishlawlordsruledthattheyshouldbeextradited"withtheutmostexpedition”.〃Zambo〃and〃Bobo〃arewell-connectedinStKitts.Theyhavelivedonbailforadecade,beforebeinglockeduplastmonth.Theirlawyershitbackwithahabeascorpuswrit,tobeheardonJanuary18th.Ifthatfails,thewayisopenforofficialstoputthetwoonaplane.Forreasonsofprinciple,oroffriendshipsintight-knitcommunities,orboth,Caribbeancountrieshavebeenreluctanttoextraditetheirownnationals.TheCaribbeanhasalsobecomesomethingofaheavenforforeignerswantedelsewhereintheworld.Thismaynowchange.ThenextimportanttestcomesinMay,whenthePrivyCouncilwillruleonSamuel〃Ninety〃Knowles,aBahamianwhohasheldoutsince2000againstachargebyagrandjuryinFlorida.Proceduralcomplexitiesandpowerfullawyersmaystillstopextraditions.InSeptemberinBelize,DeanBarrow,alawyerwhoisalsotheleaderoftheparliamentaryopposition,hedgedanAmericanattempttoextraditeadrugsuspect.Hefoundmistakesinsupportingpaperwork,whichexcludedtheuseofvitalwiretapevidence.Extraditionofforeigners,especiallytotheirhomecountry,isofteneasier.ViktorKozeny,aCzech-bornresidentoftheBahamas,hasbeenheldinNassausinceOctober.HeiswantedinNewYorkforcorruptionstemmingfromtheprivatisationofAzerbaijan，soilcompany,andfacesotherchargesinPrague.Mr.Kozenywillfighthard.HislawyersincludePhilipDavis,amemberofparliamentforthegoverningpartyandformerlegalpartneroftheprimeminister.Evenso,theauthoritiesseemreluctanttograntbail.PerhapsthatisbecauseMr.Kozenyholdsapilot'slicenceandIrishandVenezuelanpassports.HewasonceadiplomatforGrenada.Non-citizensaresometimessimplyexpelled.TwoBelizeanwomenpickedup$50,000eachontheOprahWinfreyShowinOctober,theirrewardforspottinganallegedrapistfromtheUnitedStateswhowassenthometwodayslaterfortrial.Itisrarelysoquickoreasy.NoelHeathandGlenroyMatthewareprobablyA.citizensoftheU.S.B.traffickersinCaribbean.citizensoftheU.K.nationalsinSt.Kitts.TheCaribbeanbecamesomethingofaheavenbecauseithasheaven-likescenery.itwelcomesallpeoplefromotherpartsoftheworld.itprotectspeoplefrombeingextradited.itisaparadiseforcriminals.WhyisthenameDeanBarrowmentionedinthispassage?A.Heisanexpertinthecomplexlegalprocedures.B.Hefoundmistakesinsupportingpaperwork.C.Hehelpedtostopanextradition.D.Heisanexampleofpowerfullawyers.9、ThedescriptionofMr.Kozeny'scaseshowsA.corruptionwillnotbegrantedbail.B.foreignerscanbedifficultlyextraditedtotheirowncountry.C.Mr.KozenywillbeextraditedtoCzech.D.extraditioncanbeeasierforpeoplelikehim.10、Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthortakesadetachedattitude.issupportiveofextradition.isagainstextradition.hassympathyforpeoplewhoareextradited.11>AfterWallStreetclosedonerecentFriday,ayoungmaninjeansandasportsjacketstrodeintotheshowroomoftheClassicCarClubofManhattan,afewblocksnorthofTribeca.HepacedbetweenanAstonMartinV8,aRolls-RoyceCorniche,twovintageFerrarisandadozenothers,eagertofindsomethingforanightout.Tenminuteslaterhezippedthroughthehangardoorsina2022LotusElise,abrightred,curvylittlenumber.Therewasnobilltopayandnoinsuranceform,tosign.Luxury-carclubsarewellestablishedinEurope.NowtheyarecatchingonintheUnitedStates.Theideaisthatforanannualmembershipfee,plus(sometimes)aweeklycharge,memberscanhavetheirchoiceofsmartcars.RonVanHorssen,whorecentlyopenedaclubnearPhoenix,saysthemodelisbasedonexecutive-jetsharing.Richpeople,hethinks,arerealisingthat/zowninganassetisnotnecessarilythebestwayofgettingthebenefitsofusingit〃・AspininaVanHorssenFerrariMaranellocosts$4,500perweek,plusthe$7,000annualfee.Nooneneedstoworryaboutmaintenanceorinspections-and,aspricetagsonnewLamborghinisandBentleyshaveclimbed,therichcanevensaveabitofmoney.OnlyahandfulofclubsexistnowinAmerica,andnonehasnationalscope.ClubSportiva,apioneerwhenitopenedthreeyearsago,isinSanFranciscoandSanJose;ExoticCarShareisinChicagoandNewYork.TheClassicCarClub,aBritishfirm,openeditsManhattanbranchlastJuly.Butmostarelookingtoexpand.TorbinFullerofClubSportivapredictsthat:〃We'Hbenationalhereinthenexttwotothreeyears.〃Avariantontheformulaisofferedbyexoticrental-carcompanies,whichhavenoannualmembershipfee,andrentoutcarsforadayoraweek.Theyaregrowingtoo.DreamCarRentals,aLasVegasfirmwithafleetof140,isopeninganewbranchatFisherman'sWharfinSanFrancisco.Manyofthecompany5sLasVegascustomersareEuropeans,andfemaleclientscomeinonly〃onceinabluemoon,〃saysGavinMate,amanager.Themainstreamrental-carcompanieshavealsospottedthetrend,andaredeterminednottobeleftbehind.In2022Hertzlaunchedits“PrestigeCollection'7,withJaguarsandLincolnNavigatorsandspecialservicessuchasfreepick-up.Thatbusiness,claimsHertz,hasbeenan"unmitigatedsuccess"andcontinuestoexpand.Enterprise,thelargestrentalcompanyinNorthAmerica,reportsanearly45%jumpinluxury-carrentalsintheyeartoOctober2022.AndwithWallStreetbonusessoaring,2022islookingprettygoodaswell.AyoungmanchoosingacarisnotedtosuggestthatA.youngpeoplearenowlivingaluxuriouslife.B.luxuriouscarsareveryexpensive.luxury-carclubisnowverypopular.rentingacarfromaclubiseasyandconvenient.WecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinRonVanHorssen'sclubmostmembersarerichpeople.membersshouldpayannuallyplusweeklyrent.memberssharesomepartofthemaintenanceorinspectionsfees.D.executive-jetsharingserviceisalsoavailable.Bysaying〃avariantontheformula”(Line1,Paragraph4),theauthormeansthatA.luxury-carrentalisanewbusiness.B.foreigncar-rentalbusinessisdifferentfromluxury-carclubs.C.rental-carcompaniesrunindifferentways.D・rental-carbusinessisnewlydeveloping.The“prestigeCollection^businessofHertzisA.decreasing,B.justabouttobegin.C.absolutelymakinggood.D.gainingsomeprofits.TheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithA.themainstreamrental-carcompanies.B.theexoticrental-carcompanies.C.luxury-carrentalbusiness.D.luxury-carclubs.16、Aschildhood-obesityratesskyrocket,doctorsareseeinganalarmingriseinacostlydiseaseonceunheardofinchildren:type2diabetes.Unliketype1,or"juvenile〃diabetes一anautoimmunedisorderinwhichthepancreasstopsproducinginsulin一type2diabetesislinkedtodietandlifestyle.Itusuallydevelopsonlyinindividualswhoaregeneticallysickenforthecondition,butrequiresatrigger一typically,insulinresistanceresultingfromovereating.Thediseaseusedtobeseenonlyinadultsbecauseittookyearstoexhaustthebody'snaturalinsulinproductionandresistance.Nolonger.WithkidsfromAustriatoAustraliaeatingadietladenwithfatsandsugars,type2diabetesisstrikingateverearlierages.SaysArianRosenbloom,aFlorida-basedpediatricendocrinologist:〃Wedonotseetype2inkidsofnormalweight./zThepatternissimilarallovertheworld.IntheUnitedStatesandBritain,halfofthenewcasesofdiabetesinchildrenaretype2,comparedwithjust4percentin1990.InChina,where90percentofthechildrenwhohavecontractedthediseasearenowtype2,expertssaytheincidencehasbeenrisingby9percenteachyearsince1992.Between1975and1995inJapan,casesoftype2inchildrenincreasedfourfold.AndchildreninLatinAmericacouldseea45percentriseinthediseaseby2022.Thetrendmirrorstheexplosionofdiabetesamongthegeneralpopulation.In1985anestimated30millionpeopleworldwidehadthedisease;todaythatnumberhasbeenmorethanfivefold,to177million,85percentofwhomhavetype2.Ifmoderndietandlifestyle,aren'tdrasticallyaltered,theWorldHealthOrganizationexpectsthisnumbertorisetonearly300millioncasesby2025-halfoftheminAsia.Thebiggestdangerofdevelopingdiabetesatayoungerageisthatitallowsmoretimeforcomplications.Amongotherthings,diabetescommonlycausesblindness,lossofcirculation,heartandkidneydisease,strokesanddangerouslyhighblood-sugarlevels.Foryoungpeoplewithdiabetes,theexpectedlifespanis15yearslessthanaverage.NevilleRigby,headofpolicyandpublicaffairsattheInternationalObesityTaskForce,putsitbluntly:"Someofthesechildrenaregoingtodiebeforetheirparents.，zUltimately,diabetesisincurable.Althoughchangesinlifestyle,anddietcanhelpstemtheprogressionofthedisease,itneverdisappears.Mostpatientsareoninsulininjectionsadecadeafterdiagnosis.RalphAbraham,aspecialistattheLondonDiabetesandLipidCentre,comparestryingtodevelopahealthybodyafterbeingdiagnosedto"tryingtorunupadownescalator.Thebestlongtermhopeforreversingthetrendisforsocietytogetitsweightproblemundercontrol.Accordingtothepassage,childrenwithtype2diabetesA.sufferanautoimmunedisorder.B.aregeneticallyweakintheirconstitution.(11)entirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians(12)thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom'sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto(13)history.Evenatthemoment,whenscientific(14)becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand(15),itisbecomingmore(16)tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenona(n)(17)whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenough(18)fromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe(19).Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtight(20)?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday'snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?A.anywayB.somehowC.littleD.sometimesC.areusuallyoverweight.D.stopproducinginsulin.Thefiguresinparagraph2denotesA.Chinahasthelargestnumberofchildrenwithtype2diabetes.Japanhasthebiggestgrowthrateinnewcasesofdiabetes.LatinAmericaseesthegreatestriseinthedisease,theincreasingpatternsareMikeinmanycountries.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?A.Peoplewillchangetheirlifestyle,anddiet.B.ThepredictionmadebyWHOmayberealized.C.TheWHOoverestimatesthedangerofdiabetes.D.Diabeteswillbethemostpopulardiseasearoundtheworld.WhatmighttheauthorthinkofNevilleRigby'scomment?It'sridiculous.It'salarming.It'soutofthequestion.It'saccurate.0°2020、Accordingtothelastparagraph,diabeteswillA.becuredinsomeway.B.remainapersistentailment.C.beeradicatedinthefuture.D.onlyaffectoverweightpeople.21>PartB(10points)Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)A.Inanycase,omnipresentchippingisyearsaway.Undaunted,RFIDchipmakerVeriChipislookingforbigbanksandcredit-cardfirmsinterestedinofferingRFID-basede-wallets.Ifsuccessful,theywouldtrulygiveshoulderinguptothebarforadrinkawholenewmeaning.AstheBajaBeachClubtrialshows,RFIDcantagpeopleaswellasgoods.SomehospitalsateusingRFIDbraceletsonnewbornbabiesandelderlypatientswithdementia.ChildreninoneJapaneseschoolwaveRFIDcardstoalerttheirparentsthatthey'vearrived.Forsomeretailers,RFIDisawaytoprovideamoreseamlessshoppingexperience.BritishretailgiantMarksSpenceriscurrentlytaggingmen'ssuitsinseveralLondonstoresaspartofatest.Whenyoubuyasize42,thestockroom一alertedbythetag一sendsupanother.InPrada'sNewYorkstore,ifyouholdadressnearamonitor,you'11seemodelswearingitonarunway.AntoineHazelaarhasachiponhisshoulder一orratherjustbeneaththeskinofhisleftarm.It'sapieceofsiliconthesizeofagrainofrice,anditemitswirelesssignalsthatarepickedupbyscannersnearby.Eversincethe34-year-oldWeb-siteproducerhadthechipimplantedinhisarm,hesenjoyedVIPstatusatBarcelona'sBajaBeachClub.Insteadofqueuingupbehindvelvetropes,Hazelaarallowstheguardtoscanhisarm,andstrollsrightin.Ifhewantsadrink,thebartenderwavesanelectronicwandthatdeductsfromthe100EurotabonHazelaar^schip.Suchscience-fictionalclubbingismadepossiblebyRadioFrequencyIdentification,orRFID,technology一tinydigitalchipsthatbroadcastwirelesssignals.RFIDtagsarecheapandsmallenoughtobedisposable,andthey'regettingcheaperandsmallerbytheday.Retailstoresarebeginningtousethemasglorifiedbarcodes,puttingthemoncasesofbananasorCokesotheycankeeptrackoftheirinventory.Thetechnologyhasthepotentialtotransform,ourrelationshiptotheobjectsaroundus.Theprospectisexciting,butitraisestroublingquestionsabouttheinvasionofprivacy.Fornow,businessesseeitasawaytosavemoneyandimproveservice.Biggroceries,departmentstoresandotherretailersaroundtheworldareaskingsupplierstoputRFIDtagsonshipmentsofgoods.Staffwillknowexactlywhereitemsareandwhentheycamein.Customerswillneverhavetoleavethestoreempty-handedbecauseitemswillneverrunout一wirelesssignalswillalertstafferstodwindlingsuppliesofsoap.What'smore,RFIDwillhelpcombattheftorforging,problemsthatcostbusinesses$500billionayear.Privacyimplicationsremainabigobstacle.Thefearisthatcompaniesorgovernmentscouldusethetagsasameansofmonitoring.ProponentscounterthatRFIDtagstransmitforonlyafewmeters,andthedatacanbedeactivatedonceaproductleavesthestore.Nevertheless,CASPLANandotherwatchdoggroupshavewonconcessionsfromretailers.Wal-MartandBenettonwillonlyusethetagsonpallets,notonindividualitems,andMetrohasgottenridofRFID-enabledloyaltycards.Order:DisthefirstparagraphandAisthelast.22、(42)(43)(44)(45)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)Inthetwodecadesbetween1929and1949,sculptureintheUnitedStatessustainedwhatwasprobablythegreatestexpansioninsheertechniquetooccurinmanycenturies.(46)Therewas,firstofall,theincorporationofweldingintosculpturalpractice,withtheresultthatitwaspossibletoform,anewkindofmetalobject.Forsculptorsworkingwithmetal,earlierrestrictedtothedensesolidityofthebronzecast,itwaspossibletoaddatypeofworkassembledfrompaper一thinmetalsheetsorsinuouslycurvedrods.Sculpturecouldtaketheform,ofalinear,two-dimensionalframe,andstillremainphysicallyselfsupporting.Alongwiththeinnovationofweldingcameacorrelativedeparture:freestandingsculpturethatwasshockinglyflat.Yetanothertechnicalexpansionoftheoptionsforsculptureappearedintheguiseofmotion.(47)Theindividualpartsofasculpturewerenolongerunderstoodasnecessarilyfixedinrelationtooneanother,butcouldbemadetochangepositionwithinaworkconstructedasamovingobject.Motorizingthesculpturewasonlyoneofmanypossibilitiestakenupinthe1930's.(48)Otherstrategiesforgettingtheworktomoveinvolvedstructuringitinsuchawaythatexternalforces,likeairmovementsorthetouchofaviewer,couldinitiatemotion.Movementbroughtwithitanewattitudetowardtheissueofsculpturalunity:aworkmightbemadeofwidelydiverseandevendiscordantelements;theirformalunitywouldbeachievedthroughthearcofaparticularmotioncompletingitselfthroughtime.Liketheuseofweldingandmovement,thethirdofthesemajortechnicalexpansionstodevelopinthe1930'sand1940'saddressedtheissuesofsculpturalmaterialsandsculpturalunity.Butitsmediumfordoingsowasthefoundobject,anitemnotintendedforuseinapieceofartworksuchasanewspaperormetalpipe.Tocreateasculpturebyassemblingpartsthathadbeenfabricatedoriginallyforaquitedifferentcontextdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanewtechnology.(50)Butitdidmeanachangeinsculpturalpractice,foritraisedthepossibilitythatmakingsculpturemightinvolvemorea°25conceptualshiftthanaphysicaltransformationofthematerialfromwhichitiscomposed.(47)(48)(49)(50)参考答案：【一、UseofEnglish]「5BBABD6〜10BCBAC1「20点击下载查看答案【二、ReadingComprehension]1〜5BCDDC6〜10DCDDA11~30点击下载查看答案2、(2)A.resentmentB.perceptionC.assertionD.snobbishness3、⑶A.ingeneralB.atstakeC.toadegreeD.underway4、⑷A.resultedB.groundedconsistedintegrated5、(5)A.stunnedB.retrievedC.moldedD.sought6、(6)strenuousworthwhilemalignantreckless7、⑺excusesympathyquestdistaste8、(8)A.legaciesB.strategiesexpertiseschemes9、(9)A.interactsB.assimilatescoordinatesinterferes10、(10)A.discreetB.practicalC.mentalD.moralIK(IDA.exposedB.attributedC.gearedD.restricted(12)admittedconfessedensuredguaranteed(13)ignoremakeconsiderturn(14)speculationmeditationintimidationinvestigation(15)A.intervalsspansepisodesgaps16、(16)paradoxicalB.absurdC.feasibleD.obvious17、(17)A.occasionspotplightD.dilemma18、(18)exempteddetachedsecuredseparated(19)A.amateursB.specialistsC.peersD.pedestrians(20)A.variationsB.differentiationsC.discriminationsD.distinctions二、ReadingComprehension1>PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)“Alltoooften,inthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,theschoolteacherhasbeeninnopositiontoserveasamodeltotheintellectuallife,“Hofstadterwrote."Toooftenhehasnotonlynoclaimstoanintellectuallifeofhisown,butnotevenanadequateworkmanlikecompetenceintheskillsheissupposedtoimpart.〃Harshwords,perhaps,butHofstadter'sideamakessense:Ifteachers一onthefrontlineofeducation一don'thaveanactiveintellectuallife,they'renotlikelytocommunicatealoveoflearningandcriticalthinkingt