高中名词性从句讲解与练习

PAGEPAGE1名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。 e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.. I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback. Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.____________weneedismoretime.5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.三、选择填空： 1.Doyousee_____Imean?A.that B./ C.how D.what2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.A.that B.what C.whichD.why3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.A.what B.that C./ D.how4.Letmesee_____.A.thatcanIrepairtheradio B.whether-IcanrepairtheradioC.Icanrepairtheradio D.whethercanIrepairtheradio5.Keepinmind_____.A.thattheteachersaid B.whatdidtheteachersayC.thatdidtheteachersay D.whattheteachersaid20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.A.onthat B.what C.that D.onwhich22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.A.when B.where C.why D.that23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.A.whatyoudid B.thatyouhaddoneC.thatwhatyoudid D.whatdidyoudo24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.A.what B.that C.whichD./25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.A.what1knowofhim B.thatIdoknowofhimC.whatdoIknowofhim D.thatdoIknowofhim26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.anyone C.whoever D.someone27._____theywillcomeherehasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.What B.That C.When D.Where28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.A.WhoB.Thething C.Whatever D.Where29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.A.if B.that C.what D.when30.I'mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.A.Ifornot B.Whetherornot C.If D.That31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.A.that B.what C.why D.how32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.A.what B.that C.whyD.where33._____MrZhangsaidisquiteright.A.That B.When C.What D.Whether34.Ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.A.if B.whether C.why D.that35.Itdoesn'tmatter_____he'scomebackornot.A.if B.whether C.that D.when36.It'sagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.A.when B.that C.whyD.where37.Ithappened_____Iwasn'ttherethatday.A.when B.why C.where D.that38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.What B.That C.Which D.Thethings39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who40._____the2000OlympicGameswon'tbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.A.WhetherB.If C.WheneverD.That41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.That B.Whoever C.WhetherD.Whetherornot42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.A.What B.Whether C.That D.Whatever43.Hasitbeenannounced_____?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoff B.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff D.whentheplanesaretotakeoff44.Thatis_____weallsupporthisidea. A.what B.why C.where D.when45.That’s_____weshoulddo. A.that B.what C.how D.why46._____istroublingmeis_____Idon’tunderstand_____hesaid A.What;that;what B.What;what;what C.That;that;what D.Why;that;which47.Thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe. A.when B.why C.that D.what48.That’s_____Iwanttosay. A.allwhat B.what C.allwhich D.whatthat49.That’s_____. A.whereourdifferenceslie B.ourdifferencesliethere C.wheredoourdifferenceslie D.thatwhereourdifferenceslie50.Thatis_____. A.wherelivedhethere B.wheredidhelive C.wherehelived D.thatwherehelived51.Thequestionsis_____.A.whetherisitworthdoing B.thatifitisworthdoingC.whetheritisworthdoing D.ifitisworthdoing52.Waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.A.how B.which C.what D.as53.That's_____.A.howdidIbecomeateacher B.howIbecameateacherC.howateacherIbecame D.thatIbecameateacher54.Theyarejust_____.A.thatwhatshallIhave B.whatshallIhaveC.thatIshallhavewhat D.whatIshallhave55.Itlooked____.A.asifitwasgoingtorain B.thatasifitwasgoingtorainC.asifwasitgoingtorain D.asifthatitwasgoingtorain56.That's_____.A.howshedidit B.thathowdidshedoit.C.howdidshedoit D.whatshedidit57.Thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.A.where B.which C.that D.why58.That’s_____IlivedwhenIwastenyearsold. A.where B.atwhich C.therewhere D.when59.Mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.A.if B.that C.whenthat D.thatwhere60.Theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.A.what B.that C.whyD.if61.Weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.A.that B.what C.whether D.why62.Thefact_____hehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.A.why B.if C.that D.whether63.Ihavenoidea_____shewillbeback.A.that B.where C.thatwhen D.when64.Wemustkeepinmindthefact_____Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.A.whether B.that C.why D.when65.Theyhavenoideaatall_____.A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhegoC.wherehashegone D.whichplacehehasgone参考答案语法复习五：名词性从句一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句二、1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether三、1~5DBABD6~10DBBCA11~15CABCC16~20BADAB21~25CDAAA26~30CCCDB31~35ABCDB36~40BDACD41~45BCDBB46~50ADBAC51~55CCBDA56~60ADABB61~65ACDBA在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有连接词作用whether是否that(本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分who,whom,whosewhich哪一个what什么，所…的在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语when什么时候，where什么地方how怎样、怎么，why为什么除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语疑问词（who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how）可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义；2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他们在找谁吗？（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whomaretheylookingfor?）Idon’tknowwhodidit.我不知道这是谁干的。（宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语，其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。）SheaskedmewhereIhadbeen.她问我到哪儿去了。（宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是wherehadIbeen.直接引语，间接引语。注意这句话的时态。）Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillarrive?你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？(宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是whenwillthetrainarrive.直接引语，间接引语)Idon’tknowwhyhehasn’tcomeyet.我不知道他为什么还没来。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whyhasn’thecomeyet）Hedidn’ttellmewhatyouweredoing.他没和我说你在干什么。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whatwereyoudoing.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtotherpeople.你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。（主语从句。what作从句的宾语。陈述语序，不能是whathaveyoudone.如果用疑问语序，意思发生了变化，成了“你做了什么？”。）Idon’tknowwhereheisnow.我不知道他现在在哪里。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whereishenow.）Wherehewentforhisweekendisnotknown.不知道他去哪里过的周末。（主语从句，where作从句的地点状语。陈述语序，不能是wheredidhegoforhisweekend.）Whosefaultthisisisnotimportant.这是谁的过错并不重要。（主语从句，whose作从句的定语。陈述语序，不能是whosefaultisthis.）WhatIwanttoknowiswherehehasgoneforhisweekend.我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。（这句话包含两个名词性从句：whatIwanttoknow是主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，从句用陈述语序，不能是WhatdoIwanttoknow.Wherehehasgoneforhisweekend是表语从句，where在从句中作状语，从句用陈述语序，不能是wherehashegoneforhisweekend.）下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。一、

主语从句1．that引导主语从句时，that没有意义，但不能省略。（that引导宾语从句时可以省略。）Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，that不能省略。Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntousall.众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是that引导主语从句，that不能省略。这句话可以改为用it作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：Itisknowntousallthatsheisarichwoman.Wedidn’tknow(that)youhadsoldyourhouse.我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句，that可以省略。注意这句话的时态。2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。Itwasn’tveryclearwhatshemeant.不清楚她是什么意思。Itisimportantthatheshouldcomeontime.他按时来是很重要的Itistruethatthatmanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。这里，第一个that引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个that是指示代词，作句子成分，是man的定语。3．whether既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether后面可以加ornot而if不能与ornot连用。作介词宾语时不用if.如：WhetherIknewJohndoesn’tmatter.=Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherIknewJohn.我是否认识约翰没有关系Whetherornotshe’llcomeisn’tclear.=Whethershe’llcomeornotisn’tclear.=Itisn’tclearwhether——她是否来还不清楚Italldependsonwhetherwecangettheircooperation.这是主语从句还是宾语从句？it是形式主语吗？it是代词，whether引导的是宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。Sheaskedmewhether/ifyouweremarried.宾语从句，既可以用whether,又可以用if引导。注意时态的对应。Itremainstobeseenwhethertheex-presidentwillbesentencedtodeath这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察ItisapitythatProf.Wangcan’tattendourEnglishEvening

真可惜，王教授不能出席我们的英语晚会二

宾语从句在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure,happy,glad，certain,pleased等之后也可以带有宾语从句1，

that引导的宾语从句:that没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略Ireallyfeelshe’smakingamistake.我的确感到她正犯错误Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他Isuggestedthatweshouldgohome.我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that一般不能省略2．whether/if(是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether后面加ornot;if一般不与ornot连用

Heaskedmeif/whetherIknewJohn.他问我是否认识约翰Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声3．在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think等词变为否定形式

Idon’tthinkthefilmisinteresting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思Idon’tsupposewearegoingoutingtomorrow.我认为我们明天不会出去郊游4．如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make,find,see,hear,feel,think,consider,regard,take….forgranted等Georgemadeitclearthatheopposedthisproject.乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it代表that引导的句子，作宾语，clear是宾语补足语

Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣Itookitforgrantedthatyou’dstaywithus.我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起三、同位语从句同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact,news,idea，truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when,where等疑问词ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldbysurprise.美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的Peopleusedtoholdthebeliefthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心Thedifficultyliesinthefactthatweareshortofmoney.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了注意：同位语从句的that只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定语从句中的that除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略Theideathatsomepeoplesaresuperiortoothersissheernonsense.有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）Theideathatheproposedatthemeetingissheernonsense.他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）Nooneishappywiththefactthathefoundout.没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）四、表语从句表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。That’snotwhatIwant.那不是我要的

That’swhyIhavecome.那就是我为什么来了Myopinionisthatthingswillimprove.我的意见是事情会好起来的Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.问题是谁来付帐、我们又何时开始WhatsurprisedmewasthathespokeEnglishsowell.使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好WhatIwanttoknowiswhereweshallgoandwhethershewilljoinus.我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们此外，表语从句还可由asif（好像）引导；Itlookedasifitwas/weregoingtorain.（虚拟语气）五、形容词后的that从句that引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain,sure,positive,afraid,convinced,anxious,disappointed,worried，glad,happy,sorry,amazed,surprised,aware,doubtful,confident等等Iamsure/certainthathe’sathomenow.我肯定他现在在家Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了Heremainsconfidentthathewillwin.他仍然自信他会赢SheisawarethatIcan’thelpher.她知道我帮不了她的忙Iamgladthatyou’vecome.你来了我很高兴IamafraidthatIcan’tpromiseyouanything.恐怕我不能向你保证什么Wewereratherdisappointedthatyouwerenotabletocomeyesterday.昨天你没能来我们有点失望Iamabitworriedthatshewillnotbeabletomakeit.我有点担心她做不成这件事情六、what从句的小结1．

意思是“所….的事/物”,相当于thething(s)that…,thatwhich…,或thosewhich…可以用于以下情况：(1)

引导主语从句

Whatshesawfrightenedher.她看到的事情吓了她一跳Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实WhatI’mafraidofistheirtakinghimtothatplace.我怕的是他们带他到那地方去Whatweareworryingaboutisjustherinnocence.我们担心的是她的幼稚Butwhathurtourfeelingsmostwasthepersonalcommentofthejudge.最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论Whatwillbe,willbe.要发生的事总是要发生的（谚语）

Whatisgoneisgone.过去的事就过去了(2)

引导表语从句

That’swhatIhope.那就是我希望的Ishouldliketobeateacher.That’swhatIwanttobe.我想当老师，那是我想干的事Timesarenotwhattheyusedtobe.时代不同了

He’snotwhathewasafewyearsago.他不是几年前的他了Yourhealthisnotwhatitoughttobe.你的身体应该更好(3)

引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语

Hecouldnotexpresswhathefelt.他不能表达他的感受