雅思四分笔试测试题

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！Listening1Questions1-6CompletethenotesbelowWriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.lengthtransportationsizedate21...........................2..........................3..........................4The..........................lettersthingsareinthepricethetour?AfishingtripBCreptileentryDtabletennisEtennistheAfor7costs$..........................8laterthan..........................daysin9A..........................depositisrequired..customersreferenceis..........................SECTION2Questions111-20Questions11-15CompletethetablebelowWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswerTYPEOFHELPFINANCIALEXAMPLESGrants11..........................ChildcareNurseries13..........................Usingthelibrary15..........................14..........................Questions16-20CompletethenotesbelowWriteNUMBERSORNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswerHELPLINEDETAILSOfficerAddress17..........................9:30am-6pm(weekdays)18..........................(Saturdays)Ringorvisitofficefor19..........................N.B.ATpeaktimestheremaybea20....................................................23theA1forTitle:‘the21..........................Insocialscienceresearch’2datafromleast23..........................subjects.Part3words:24..........................lettersthequestionnaireformdatacollectionthestudentsdiscuss?AdataisinvalidBfewCItislesslikelytotheDItliterateEisadelaythedistributionreturnquestionnairesthetableA28..........................29..............................................................................‘thatUniversity30..........................’3ReadingYouShouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40.WhicharebasedonReadingPassage3belowThetopicsdiscussedincludedtheco-ordinatedstudyofthedestructionofforests,aswellashowtocombatforestfiresandtheextensionofEuropeanresearchprogramsontheforestecosystem.Thepreparatoryworkfortheconferencehadbeenundertakenattwomeetingsofexperts.TheirinitialtaskwastodecidewhichofthemanyforestproblemsofconcerntoEuropeinvolvedthelargestnumberofcountriesandmightbethesubjectofjointaction.Thoseconfinedtoparticulargeographicalareas,suchascountriesborderingtheMediterraneanortheNordiccountriesthereforehadtobediscarded.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatinfuturetheywillbeignored.Asawhole,Europeancountriesseeforestsasperformingatriplefunction:biological,economicandrecreational.Thefirstistoactasa'greenlung'forourplanet;bymeansofphotosynthesis,forestsproduceoxygenthroughthetransformationofsolarenergy,thusfulfillingwhatforhumansistheessentialroleofanimmense,non-pollutingpowerplant.Atthesametime,forestsproviderawmaterialsforhumanactivitiesthroughtheirconstantlyrenewedproductionofwood.Finally,theyofferthosecondemnedtospendfivedaysaweekinanurbanenvironmentanunrivalledareaoffreedomtounwindandtakepartinarangeofleisureactivities,suchashunting,ridingandhiking.Theeconomicimportanceofforestshasbeenunderstoodsincethedawnofman-woodwasthefirstfuel.Theotheraspectshavebeenrecognisedonlyforafewcenturiesbuttheyarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Hence,thereisarealconcernthroughoutEuropeaboutthedamagetotheforestenvironmentwhichthreatensthesethreebasicroles.Themythofthe'natural'foresthassurvived,yetthereareeffectivelynoremaining'primary'forestsinEurope.AllEuropeanforestsareartificial,havingbeenadaptedandexploitedbymanforthousandsofyears.Thismeansthataforestpolicyisvital,thatitmusttranscendnationalfrontiersandgenerationsofpeople,andthatitmustallowfortheinevitablechangesthattakeplaceintheforests,inneeds,andhenceinpolicy.TheStrasbourgconferencewasoneofthefirsteventsonsuchascaletoreachthisconclusion.Ageneraldeclarationwasmadethat'acentralplaceinanyecologicallycoherentforestpolicymustbegiventocontinuityovertimeandtothepossibleeffectsofunforeseenevents,toensurethatthefullpotentialoftheseforestsismaintained'.Thatgeneraldeclarationwasaccompaniedbysixdetailedresolutionsto4assistnationalpolicy-making.Thefirstproposestheextensionandsystematisationofsurveillancesitestomonitorforestdecline.Forestdeclineisstillpoorlyunderstoodbutleadstothelossofahighproportionofatree'sneedlesorleaves.Theentirecontinentandthemajorityofspeciesarenowaffected:between30%and50%ofthetreepopulation.Theconditionappearstoresultfromthecumulativeeffectofanumberoffactors,withatmosphericpollutantstheprincipalculprits.Compoundsofnitrogenandsulphurdioxideshouldbeparticularlycloselywatched.However,theireffectsareprobablyaccentuatedbyclimaticfactors,suchasdroughtandhardwinters,orsoilimbalancessuchassoilacidification,whichdamagestheroots.ThesecondresolutionconcentratesontheneedtopreservethegeneticdiversityofEuropeanforests.Theaimistoreversethedeclineinthenumberoftreespeciesoratleasttopreservethe'geneticmaterial'ofallofthem.AlthoughforestfiresdonotaffectallofEuropetothesameextent,theamountofdamagecausedtheexpertstoproposeasthethirdresolutionthattheStrasbourgconferenceconsidertheestablishmentofaEuropeandatabankonthesubject.Allinformationusedinthedevelopmentofnationalpreventativepolicieswouldbecomegenerallyavailable.Thesubjectofthefourthresolutiondiscussedbytheministerswasmountainforests.InEurope,itisundoubtedlythemountainecosystemwhichhaschangedmostrapidlyandismostatrisk.Athinlyscatteredpermanentpopulationanddevelopmentofleisureactivities,particularlyskiing,haveresultedinsignificantlong-termchangestothelocalecosystems.Proposeddevelopmentsincludeapreferentialresearchprogramonmountainforests.ThefifthresolutionrelaunchedtheEuropeanresearchnetworkonthephysiologyoftrees,calledEurosilva.EurosilvashouldsupportjointEuropeanresearchontreediseasesandtheirphysiologicalandbiochemicalaspects.Eachcountryconcernedcouldincreasethenumberofscholarshipsandotherfinancialsupportfordoctoralthesesandresearchprojectsinthisarea.Finally,theconferenceestablishedtheframeworkforaEuropeanresearchnetworkonforestecosystems.Thiswouldalsoinvolveharmonisingactivitiesinindividualcountriesaswellasidentifyinganumberofpriorityresearchtopicsrelatingtotheprotectionofforests.TheStrasbourgconference'smainconcernwastoprovideforthefuture.Thiswastheinitialmotivation,onenowsharedbyall31participantsrepresenting31Europeancountries.Theirfinaltextcommitsthemtoon-goingdiscussionbetweengovernmentrepresentativeswithresponsibilityforforests.5Questions27-33DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?Inboxes27-33onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationifthestatementcontradictstheinformationFALSENOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis27ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedatthenextmeetingofexperts.28ProblemsinNordiccountrieswereexcludedbecausetheyareoutsidetheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.29Forestsarearenewablesourceofrawmaterial.30Thebiologicalfunctionsofforestswererecognisedonlyinthetwentiethcentury.31NaturalforestsstillexistinpartsofEurope.32Forestpolicyshouldbelimitedbynationalboundaries.33TheStrasbourgconferencedecidedthataforestpolicymustallowforthepossibilityofchange.6Questions34-39Lookatthefollowingstatementsissuedbytheconference.Whichsixofthefollowingstatements,A-J,refertotheresolutionsthatwereissued?Matchthestatementswiththeappropriateresolutions(Questions34-39).Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes34-39onyouranswersheet.AAllkindsofspeciesoftreesshouldbepreserved.BFragilemountainforestsshouldbegivenpriorityinresearchprograms.CThesurvivingnaturalforestsofEuropedonotneedprioritytreatment.DResearchistobebetterco-ordinatedthroughoutEurope.FLossofleavesfromtr