托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编6题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.ListeningComprehensionSection：ListeningComprehension听力原文：Listentoaconversationbetweenastudent(S)andthesupervisorofemployees(E)attheuniversitylibrary.Thestudentisapart-timeemployeeatthelibrary.E:Hi,Melissa!Howwasyoureconomicsexam?S:Itwasactuallyprettychallenging.Thanksforlettingmetaketimeofffromheretostudyforit.E:Well,likewesaid,whenwehiredyou,yourschoolworkisalwaysapriorityaslongasyougiveussufficientnoticeastowhenyouneedoff.Whenyouwereoutthough,wehadastaffmeetingexplainingacoupleofthings.Wellbedividingworkinanewway,andllalsobeusinganewprocedureforemployeestokeeptrackofwhatworktheydo.S:Youmeaninsteadofkeepingtrackofhowmanyhoursweworkperweek?E:No,llstillneedtokeeptrackofyourtotalhours,soyoucangetpaideachweek.Thenewproceduremtalkingaboutwillbeextra.S:Andyousaidtheworkwillbedivideddifferently?E:Yes.Youworkatthecirculationdesk,right?S:Right.E:So,rightnowyoucheckoutbooksforstudents,logthereturnedbooks,andsortthembycategorysothestockteamcanputthembackontheshelves.Anythingelse?S:No,thatsaboutit.E:Ok.Well,wereexpandingthatjobtohaveyoudosomeothertaskstoo,sogoingforwardyouwillalsohelpstudentslocatebooksontheshelvesandputreturnedbooksintheirproperplacesontheshelves.S:Oh,thatllbegood.TherearetimeswhenIsitatthedeskjustwaitingforstudentstocomebytocheckoutorreturnbooks.E:Ok,andnowforthetrackingprocedure.Wereaskingemployeestokeeptrackofthespecifictaskstheydoandforhowlong.Forexample,whenyoureatthecirculationdesk,howmuchtimedoyouspendcheckinginreturnedbooksandseparatingthem,orhowmuchtimedoyouspendcheckingoutbooksforstudentstoborrow?S:Wow,andthisseemsveryspecific.Imjustwonderingwhydowehavetobesodetailed?E:Well,theuniversitywantsawrittenjobdescriptionforeachrole,soreputtingtogetherasummaryofstudentjobsatthelibrarywithspecificdetailsabouteachjob,whatspecifictasksitentailsandhowmuchofthejobisspentoneachtask.Itwontbeascomplicatedasitsounds.Youllhaveapieceofpaperlistingallthetasksyoudo,andyoulljustneedtowriteonithowmanyminutesyouspendoneachtask.Youllsubmititwithyourweeklytimesheet.S:Ialsowantedtoaskforafewdaysoffagain.Ihaveaprojectdueformyworldhistoryclassattheendofthemonth.E:Thatsfine.Pleaseemailmethedetails.Fornow,gomeetwithMs.Stantoninthereferencesection.Shellshowyouhowtohelpstudentswhoarelookingforspecificbooks.1．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?．Additionaltasksthestudentwillbeexpectedtocarryout．ThestudentsinterestinswitchingjobsatthelibraryC．Proceduresthestudentshouldusetorequesttimeofherwork．Anevaluationofthestudentsperformanceatherlibraryjob正确答案：AWellbedividingworkinanewwayandwellalsobeusinganewprocedureforemployeestokeeptrackofwhatworkthey工作信息的原因和过程，因此A选项正确。学生没有表达想换工作的打算，因此B选项不正确。学生对工作时间没有提出要求，因此C选项不正确。主管老师没有提到对学生日常工作表现进行评估，因此D选项不正确。2．Whatnewjobresponsibilitieswillthestudenthave?Clickon2answers.．Helpingstudentsfindbooks．ReturningbookstotheshelvesC．Keepingtrackofoverduebooks．Checkingbooksinandoutofthelibrary正确答案：，Byouwillalsohelpstudentslocatebooksontheshelvesandputreturnedbooksintheirproperplacesontheshelves查找书籍位置，其次需要把书籍还回正确的位置，因此A选项和B选项是正确办理借书、还书的手续，因此C选项和D选项不正确。3．Whatdoesthestudentimplyabouthercurrentworkatthecirculationdesk?．Sheistoobusytolearnnewtasks.．Sheappreciatesbeingabletostudyatwork.C．Shealreadykeepstrackofthespecifictasksshedoes.．Sheoccasionallyhasnothingtodo.正确答案：D解析：推断题。当学生谈及目前的工作时，学生提到：TherearetimeswhenIsitatthedeskjustwaitingforstudentstocomebytocheckoutorreturnbooks．即工作不算忙碌。有时甚至是在等待学生来借书或还书，因此D选项是正确答案。学生未表述工作繁忙而不能接受新任务，因此A选项不正确。学生并未表达想要边工作边学习的打算，因此B选项不正确。记录具体的工作内容和时间是接下来的工作任务。学生并未开始记录。因此C选项不正确。4．Whydoesthemanmentionjobdescriptions?．Toaskthestudentwhatpartsofhercurrentjobshelivesbest．ToclarifywhythesdutiesatthecirculationdeskwillchangeC．Toexplainwhyemployeeswillneedtokeepamoredetailedrecordofherwork．Toclarifywhythestudentwillbetransformedanotherdepartment正确答案：C到：theuniversitywantsawrittenjobdescriptionforeachrole，sowereputtingtogetherasummaryofstudentjobsatthelibrarywithspecificdetailsabouteach，whatspecifictasksitentailsandhowmuchofthejobisspentoneachtask要统计每份工作的工作细则和需花费时间，因此C选项是正确答案。主管并未询问目前工作中学生最享受的部分，因此A选项不正确。学生借阅台的基本工作职责没有变化，因此B选项不正确。对话中未提到学生会调动到其他部门，因此D选项不正确。5．Whatisthereasonthatthespeakersdiscusstheendofthemonth?．Thestudentdoesnotplantoworkatthelibrarymuchlonger.．Thetrainingthestudentneedswillnottakeplaceuntilthenextmonth.C．Thestudentwillneedmoretimeofffromworktodevotetoherstudies.．Thetrackingofspecificinformationwillberequiredforonlyamonth.正确答案：CIhaveaprojectdueformyworldhistoryclassattheendofthemonth．即《世界历史》的课题项目在月底截止，想要请假完成，因此C选项正确。学生没有表达不想在图书馆继续工作的打算，因此A选项不正确。在结尾部分，主管老师让学生立刻找MsStantonB选项不正确。主管老师并未提及仅需记录一个月的工作细则，因此D选项不正确。听力原文：Listentopartofalectureinanastronomyclass.Professor:vebeenfocusingontheoutersolarsystemandtheplanetsJupiterandSaturn.NowletsturnourattentiontoanothergasgiantplanetUranus,oneofthemostdifficultplanetsforastronomerstostudyduetoitsdistancefromtheEarth.Togiveyouahinthowfarawaythisplanetis,oneorbitaroundthesuntakesUranus84Earthyears.Yes,Kevin?Student:DidnttheVoyagersspacecraftgetcloseenoughtotakepicturesofit?Professor:Yes,thespacecraftdidgetcloseenoughtotakepicturesandmeasurements.Actually,wevelearnedalotaboutitsmoonsandringsfromtheflyby.Nonetheless,youcanstudyaplanetwithoutmakingclose-upobservations.WehavebeenabletodeducequitealotaboutUranusbyobservingitfromEarth.Forinstance,whenyoulookatUranusthroughatelescope,itappearslikeablue-greendisk.Whatdoesthismean?Student:Whatitsmadeof?Professor:Well,notexactly.lttellsusthecompositionoftheplanetsatmosphere.Itmeansthat’atmospherehasmethanegasinit.Why?Well,theexplanationfortheblue-greencolorgoeslikethis:methanegasabsorbsredlight,soassunlightpassesthroughUranus’atmosphereandisreflectedbackintospace,themethanegasabsorbsmostoftheredportionofthelightandthenallowstheotherlightpassthrough.Thatstheblue-greencolorwesee.Usingindirectobservation,wecanmakeinferencesaboutthecompositionoftheplanetsinterior.Forexample,weknowitsmassvolume,soweareabletocalculateitsdensity.KnowingUranus’densitygivesusideasaboutitschemicalmakeup,becausethedensityofasubstanceisconsistent,soplanetsthathavethesamedensityusuallyaremadeofthesamematerial,butnotalways.Forexample,UranusandJupiterhavealmostthesamedensity;however,weknowthatJupiterhasalotmorematerial,alotmoremassthanUranus,andallthatmasspressesonitself,increasingitsowndensity.Soeventhoughtheirdensitiesarealmostthesame,UranusprobablyismadeupofheavierelementsthanJupiter.Student:SoisUranusmadeofrock?Ofiron?Professor:Werediscussinggasgiantplanets,arentwe?Itsdensityismuchlowerthanthatofrockyplanets.Uranusmighthaveasmallcoreofrockoriron,butwethinkitsprimarilycomprisedofordinarywatermixedwithmethaneandammonia.NowanotherfeatureofUranusisitsrotationaxis,whichisnearlylevelwithitspatharoundthesun.Nootherplanetinoursolarsystemistiltedsofaronitsside.Student:DoweknowwhyUranus’tiltissounusual?Professor:Well,someresearchersthinkitmightbetheresultofacollisionwithanotherobjectin’history,whichchangeditsrotation.Aresultofthistiltisthatthepolesgetmostofthesunlight;halfthetimeonepoleandhalfthetimetheotherwithinayear.Andremember,thats84years,soyougetverylongseasons.Student:Itprobablydoesntgetwarmanywherethere,sofarawayfromthesun.Professor:Right.AndnotonlyisUranusfarawayfromthesun,itdoesntgenerateanyheat,unliketheothergiantplanetswhichactuallygiveoffmoreheatthantheygetfromthesun,soUranusmusthaveaverylowcoretemperatureandwedontknowthereason.Someastronomersthinkitisrelatedtotheunusualtilt,thatthecollisionthatknockedUranusontoitssidemayhavecausedittoreleasemuchofitsinternalheat.Ofcoursethereareothertheories.ButgettingbacktoyourquestionearlierabouttheVoyagersspacecraft.ldontwantyoutothinkthatthesespacemissionsaresomehowsuperfluousintermsofwhatwecanlearnaboutaplanet.Forexample,weknowthatUranushasamagneticfieldandthisissomethingthatwecantlearnfromourstandingpointhereontheEarth.Youhavetogetupcloseforthat.6．Whatisthelecturemainlydiscussing?．ReasonsfortheincreasinginterestofscientistsintheplanetUranus．CharacteristicsofUranuslearnedusingavarietyofmethodsC．Themainachievementsofthespacecraftmission．DifferencesbetweenUranusandothergasgiantplanets正确答案：B手段得出的天王星的大气组成、内部构成、独特倾斜度等方面的发现，因此B选项是正确答案。讲座中没有详细叙述研究天王星兴趣大增的原因，因此A选内容并非在讲旅行者号的主要成就，因此C选项不正确。讲座未就天王星和其他气态巨行星进行系统对比，因此D选项不正确。7．WhydoestheprofessormentionUranus’color?．Toexplainhowacomponentof’atmospherewasidentified．ToexplainhowsunlightaffectstemperaturesonUranusC．TogiveanexampleofafeaturethatUranusshareswithJupiter．Togiveanexampleofadiscoverymadebythespacecraftmission正确答案：A解析：组织结构题。线索词为Forinstance，教授提到通过远距离观察的方Ittellsusthecompositionoftheplanet’satmosphere．这能说明大气层的构成，因此A选项是正确答案。在解释从颜色推断出大气层成分的部分，教授未提到阳光对温度的影响，因此B选项不正确。教授提到天王星和木星的密度近似，并未提到颜色近似，因此C选项不正确。该部分讲解的是不需通过探测器了解到的天王星，因此D选项不正确。8．Accordingtotheprofessor,howdidastronomersdeducethecompositionofUranus?Clickon2answers..．Byexaminingthestrengthofitsmagneticfield．BycomparingitwithJupiterC．Bycalculatingitsdensity．Bymeasuringitsforceofgravity正确答案：，Cforexample气层成分的部分，教授通过两个例子进行具体说明：Forexample，weknowitsmassandvolume，soweareabletocalculateitsdensity．KnowingUranus’densitygivesusideasaboutitschemicalmakeup因此C选项是正确答案。接着教授进一步举例说明：Forexample，UranusandJupiterhavealmostthesamedensity；however，weknowthatJupiterhasalotmorematerialalotmoremassthanUranusandallthatmasspressesonitselfincreasingitsowndensity.SoeventhoughtheirdensitiesarealmostthesameUranusprobablyismadeupofheavierelementsthanJupiter．即通过天王星和木星进行比较，进一步理解天王星的构成，因此B选项是正确答案。该部分未提到磁场力量和重力的测量，因此A选项和D选项不正确。9．WhatfeaturesofUranusdosomeastronomersthinkwerecausedbyitscollisionwithanotherobject?Clickon2answers..．Itsrapidrotation．ItslowinternaltemperatureC．Thecompositionofitscore．Theangleofitsaxisofrotation正确答案：，BNowanotherfeatureofUranusisitsrotationaxis，whichisnearlylevelwithitspatharoundthesun．Nootherplanetinoursolarsystemistiltedsofaronitsside…someresearchersthinkitmightbetheresultofacollisionwithanotherobjectinUranus’history，whichchangeditsrotation．即自转轴倾斜得厉害，因此D选项是正确答案。此外，教授还提到：Uranusmusthaveaverylowcoretemperatureandwedon’tknowtheSomeastronomersthinkitisrelatedtotheunusualtiltthatthecollisionthatknockedUranusontoitssidemayhavecausedittoreleasemuchofitsinternal．即撞击促成了温度的释放，导致内部温度低，因此B选项是正确答案。该部分未提到自转速度快及内核的组成，因此A选项和C选项不正确。10．WhydoestheprofessormentionUranus’magneticfield?．TopointoutarecentdiscoveryaboutUranusthatcontradictsearlierfindings．ToexplainoneeffectofUranus’distancefromtheSunC．TopointoutasurprisingsimilaritybetweenUranusandEarth．Toemphasizethelimitationsofremoteobservationsinastronomy正确答案：Dforexample对天王星研究的重要作用：Idontwantyoutothinkthatthesespacemissionsaresomehowsuperfluousintermsofwhatwecanlearnaboutaplanet．然后举了magneticfield的例子，所以此例的目的是为了说明太空探测器的作用不是superfluousDA选项不正确。该部分未提到天王星距太阳距离所产生的影响，因此B选项不正确。该部分未就地球和天王星进行对比，教授也未提到两者的共同点，因此C选项不正确。．Listenagaintopartofthelecture,thenanswerthequestion.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?．Tohelpthestudentrealizetheanswertohisownquestion．ToencouragethestudenttoclarifywhathemeansC．Tosuggestthatthesquestionreflectsacommonmisconception．Toremainthestudentthattheywilldiscussrockyplanetsinthenextclass.正确答案：A解析：句子功能题。面对学生天王星是否由石、铁构成的疑问，教授说道：Werediscussinggasgiantplanetsarentwe?巨行星，并非是由石和铁而构成，暗示学生自己得出自己问题的答案，因此A选项是正确答案。该部分教授未表示学生表达的意思不清楚需要学生重新阐述，因此B选项不正确。学生的疑问并非是常见的误解，因此C选项不正确。教授未表示下节课打算和同学们探讨石质行星，因此D选项不正确。听力原文：Listentopartofalectureinanarchaeologyclass.Professor:Letsreview.Whyispotterysuchanimportantsubjectofarchaeologicalanalysis?Student1:Well,potterycontainsmoreinformationthanwemightthink.Professor:Canyouelaborateonthatanswer?Student1:Well,likesuddenchangesinthestyleandshapeofpotterymighthelpusfigureoutwhencertainculturesmadecontactwitheachotherandborrowedeachothersideas,designs,eventechnology.Professor:Good!Soletscontinuebyexpandingourdiscussionintothetopicofclassifyingpottery.Classificationissimplyanattempttocategorizeorgroupthepotterybasedonspecificcharacteristics.WelookatancientMayanpottery,whichasyouknowbynowismyspecialty.Archaeologistshavetraditionallyattemptedtoclassifythesevesselsbyusingasingleclassificationsystem,butthecomplexity,thevariationofancientMayanpottery,isjusttoogreatinmyopiniontouseonlyonesystem.Isupporttheuseofseveralsystems,asdosomeofmycolleagueswhohavebeenresearchingtheMayanarchaeologicalsitesofMexicoandCentralAmerica.Byutilizingmorethanonesystemofclassification,wearentaslikelytoneglectimportantdetailsorloseimportantinformation.Student2:SoIthinkwhatyouresayingiswhenweuseasingleclassificationsystemwecantlabelavesselwithlotsofdetails,butwhenweclassifyitalotofdifferentways,thatgivesusamorecompletepicture.Professor:Yes,andifreabletolabelalargequantityofpotteryinseveralways,wecanmoreclearlyseerelationshipsbetweenthembecauseofhavingamorecompletepictureofeachone.Imean,everybodyinthisclassisfromadifferentstateorcountry.sfromexactlythesameplace,soifIonlyclassifypeoplebywherethey’refrom,Imightsaythatyouhavenothingincommon,butwhatifIaddmorelayers?Andrew,’reaskier.Sarahsalsoaskier,soifwehaveaclassificationforyourextracurricularactivities,wefindyoutwohavesomethingincommon:snowskiing!Student2:Igetit!Professor:Sowebeginbydeterminingwhatclassificationswillbepossibleandwhatclassificationswillbeuseful.Thesewouldbe,inmyopinion,thevesselshapes,thesurfacefinishwhichlooksattexture,andfinally,whatwecallpastes.”llexplainpasteslater.Yes,Andrew?Student2:Well,wouldyoulimitittojustthreeclassificationsystems?Shapes,surfacefinish,andpastes?Professor:Notnecessarily.Whenweencounterpotterydecoratedwithalotofdetail,wemightwanttoaddaclassificationsystemforthis,too...onewecouldcalldecoration.’Letsnowlookatmyfirstclassificationtype:potteryshapes.Whatweneedtoconsideristhebasicproportionsandsizeofanobject.Student1:But,whatiftheobjectsbroken?Professor:Obviously,intactpotteryisthebest,butifallwehaveinfrontofusisacollectionofpieces,aslongasthosepiecesareofareasonablesize,wecanstillclassifyshapesreliably.Wejusthavetoreconstructtheobject.Now,evenifyou’reabletoreconstructandthendeterminehowtoclassifypotteryintermsofitsshape,youmightbeunabletoclassifyitssurfacefinish.Forexample,withmanyofthepotterycollectionsfoundatthearchaeologicalsiteofPolankay,insufficientsurfacefinishwaspreservedtomakeadetermination.Youknow,reallywhatweneedarecomprehensiveandaccurateillustrationsofancientMayanpottery.Havingdrawingsoftheirprofilesallowsustocomparetheshapesofpotteryfoundatdifferentarchaeologicalsitesbecause,well,wecantpersonallygothroughallthelocations,butevenwhenarchaeologistsandarthistoriansdoattempttoillustrateeverysinglepiece,problemsarise.Student1:Likethreedifferentpeoplemightdrawtheprofileofthesamepot,butthedrawingsdontturnoutexactlythesame?Professor:Correct.Illustratinginvolvessomesimplificationofthepotteryandpeoplemayhavedifferentideasofwhichfeaturesareimportanttokeepinthedrawingandwhichcanbeleftout.Uh,whatelse?Student1:Well,drawingtheprofileofeverysinglepotprobablytakestonsoftime,soitcouldbeexpensive.Professor:Uhhuh...Student1:But,digitalphotographyissopopularandinexpensivenow.Whydontwejustgiveupondrawingsandmakeacollectionofphotographs?Youcantgetmoreaccuratethanaphotograph.Professor:sanaturalquestion.Illgettothatinasecond.12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?．Todiscussdifferentsystemsforclassifyingtheshapeofancientpottery．ToexplainwhynewmethodsofclassifyingMayanpotteryarenecessaryC．ToexplainhowarchaeologistsidentifybrokenpotteryToexplainwhyMayanpotteryismoredifficulttoclassifythanothertypesofpottery正确答案：Bletscontinuebyexpandingourdiscussionintothetopicofclassifying即研究陶器的分类。传统方法使用单一的分类系统，而教授认为：Isupporttheuseofseveralsystems，即教授认为需要一种新的不同分类系统的结合分析才更全面和精确，且后文介绍了不同的分类系统，因此B选项是正确答案。对陶器的分类不只限于形状的分类，因此A选项不正确。教授有告知学生破碎陶器仍旧可以分类，但其并非讲座主题，因此C选项不正确。讲座未对玛雅陶器与其他陶器分类难度上进行对比，因此D选项不正确。13．Accordingtothediscussion,whatcanbelearnedbyanalyzingancientpottery?．Locationswherepotterywasmass-produced．WaysofmendingbrokenpotteryvesselsC．Timeperiodsofcontactbetweendifferentcultures．Timeperiodswhencertainculturesthrived正确答案：Chelpusfigureoutwhencertainculturesmadecontactwitheachotherandborrowedeachothersideasdesignseven即通过陶器可以分析出其文化联系和交流的时期，因此C选项正确。学生未提及通过陶器得知陶器的生产地址和修理方式。因此A选项和B选项不正确。也未提及可以得出文化繁荣的时期，因此D选项不正确。14．Whatistheprofessorsopinionaboutclassificationsystems?．Newclassificationsystemsareneededtoreplacethecurrentones.．Archaeologistswilllikelyneveragreeonthebestsystemtouse.C．Manyofthecurrentclassificationsystemsareconfusing.．Usingonlyonesystemcouldresultinanincompleteorinaccurateanalysis.正确答案：D解析：态度题。线索词为but，在谈到陶器分类的系统时，教授表述传统的单一分类标准不够科学，因此需要多种分类标准的结合：Byutilizingmorethanonesystemofclassification，wearentaslikelytoneglectimportantdetailsorloseimportantinformation．反之即多种分类标准的结合才不会漏掉重要的细节和信息，因此D选项是正确答案。教授的同事目前已经把多种分类系统的新方法运用到研究当中。因此A选项不正确。讲座未提到考古学家在最佳分类系统上未达成一致，因此B选项不正确。教授未提到分类系统存在困惑性，因此C选项不正确。15．WhatpointistheprofessortryingtomakewhenshementionsskiingA．Digitalphotographywillsoonhelparchaeologiststodocumenttheirdiscoveries.．Surfacefinishisconsideredanimportantpartofclassifyingpottery.C．Archaeologistsmustcomparetheshapesofpotteryfoundatdifferentsites.D．Identifyingsimilaritiesbetweenobjectsisimportantinarchaeologicalresearch.正确答案：D进行类比：reaskierSarahsalsoaskiersoifwehaveaclassificationforyourextracurricularactivitieswefindyoutwohavesomethingincommonsnowskiing!标准多样也可以发现陶器间的共同点和联系，因此D选项是正确答案。该部分未提到数码照相技术的应用，因此A选项不正确。类比的目的是为了说明对陶性，因此B选项和C选项不正确。16．Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutbrokenpiecesofpottery?．Theyarenotusefuliftheyareverysmall.．Theyareusuallynotworthdocumenting.C．Theycanprovidemoreinformationthanunbrokenpottery.．Theyareoftenidentifiedimproperly.正确答案：A道：aslongasthosepiecesareofareasonablesize，wecanstillclassifyshapes．即如果碎片的尺寸太小，就无法分类，也就没有用途了，A选项是正确价值，因此Bintactpotteryisthebest，即完整的陶器更利于研究，因此C选项不正确。D选项没有提及。17．Accordingtotheprofessor,whyisitoftendifficultforarchaeologiststocomparetheshapesofvesselsfromdifferentlocations?．Somearchaeologistsdonotsharetheresultsoftheirwork.．Drawingsofpotterydonotalwayscontainallthesignificantdetails.C．Thesurfacefinishofalotofpotteryisinbadcondition.．Manyancientpotshaveneverbeendrawn.正确答案：B解析：细节题。线索词为problem，在谈及比较不同遗址的陶器形状时，教授表述说存在一定难度，并解释说：Illustratinginvolvessomesimplificationofthepotteryandpeoplemayhavedifferentideasofwhichfeaturesareimportanttokeepinthedrawingandwhichcanbeleft特点把握不同，甚至有可能遗漏重要细节。因此B选项是正确答案。教授未提到考古学家不交流各自的研究成果，因此A选项不正确。该部分未提及陶器表面保存的状况不佳，因此C选项不正确。根据教授介绍可知，有对古代陶器形状的描绘图，因此D选项不正确。听力原文：Listentoaconversationbetweenastudent(S)andhisAmericanliteratureprofessor(P).P:DidyoudecidetodoyourpaperonThorntonWilderthenovelist,orThorntonWildertheplaywright?Hewasboth,youknow?S:Oh,thenovelist,forsure,ljustfinishedreadinghisbookTheBridgeofSanLuisReyandIreallylikedit.Iknowwhyitssopopular.Imjustnotsurewhattofocusoninmypaper.P:Whydoyoulikethebook?S:llikethewayWilderusesdifferentcharacterstoillustratedifferentideas.Itslikethey’renotrealistichumanbeings.Thecharactersaremoreliketypes,youknow?P:Thatsagoodobservation.Manynovelistswriterealisticfiction.Theyshapetheirnovelswiththeintentionofportrayingactualsituations,butifthatsnotWildersgoal,thenwhat,wouldyousay,isheupto?S:Ithinkhestryingtoteachsomething,somethingphilosophicalkindof,somethingthatstrueforeverybodyeverywhere.P:Youmeanamorallesson,likeafable?Alight,thatsagoodstart.Sowehavea20thcenturyNorthAmericanauthortellingafablethatssetin18thcenturyPeru.mcurious...doesthatseemremarkabletoyouatall?S:No,notreally.Probablysomepeoplejustlikewritingaboutthepastoraboutplacestheyvebeen.IfiguredmaybeWilderhadvisitedPeruandthoughtitwouldbeagreatsettingforanovel.P:Interestingtheory,yetWilderhadntvisitedPeruwhenhewroteTheBridgeofSanLuisRey.Idliketosuggestanotherpossibilitytoyouthathischoiceofsettingwasintentional,sohecoulddojustwhatyoumentioned.S:Soifyouwanttoteachamoral,itsbettertosetyournovelsomeplaceyouveneveractuallybeen,soyourenotdistractedbywhatyouknowabouttheplace,whatyouremember.P:Right.Also,asettinginthepasthasthesameeffect;plus,itgivesyouacertainamountofdistancefromyourcharacters,butWilderreceivedsomeharshcriticismfordoingthat.S:Hedid?P:Yes.Yousee,Wilderavoidedcontemporarysettingsinmostofhisnovels.Hewasactuallyaccusedofbeingoutoftouchwiththerealworldandthereforenotanimportantauthor,becausehedidntwriteaboutcontemporarylifeandcontemporaryproblems.S:Whatkindofsensedoesthatmake?Likeyousaid,heprobablystayedawayfromcontemporarysettings,sohecouldconcentrateonthephilosophy,themoraltruths.P:Therewasquiteadebateoveritatthetime.Whenyoudoyourpaper,llneedtodoabitofresearchintothatandoneotherthingllneedtoresearch.Well,IalsorecommendyoutakealookatWilderscomicnovelHeavensMyDestination.Thatbookdid,infact,drawinmanywaysonelementsofhislife,andyetsomepeoplethinkithasalotincommonwithTheBridgeofSanLuisRey,soyoumighthavethebasisthereforafruitfulcomparison.18．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?．WhyTheBridgeofSanLuisReyisnolongerapopularnow．WhyThorntonWilderpreformedtowriteinaparticularstyleC．HowThorntonsearlyexperiencesinfluencedhisfiction．Howliterarycriticismcanchangewriterspartofview正确答案：B尔德作品特色和教授进行了详细探讨，因此B选项正确。在陈述选题原因时，学生说道：IjustfinishedreadinghisbookTheBridgeofSanLuisRey，andIreallylikeditIknowwhyssopopular．即小说《圣路易斯雷伊的桥》是很受欢迎的，因此A选项不正确。对话未提到怀尔德的早期经历影响他的小说创作，因此C的改变，因此D选项不正确。19．Whatdoesthestudentsayaboutthecharactersinthebook?．Theydonotreachrealpeople.．Theyallhavesimilarpersonalities.C．Theyarebasedonpeopletheauthormetwith.．Theyarebasedontheauthorandhisfamily.正确答案：AIlikethewayWilderusesdifferentcharacterstoillustratedifferentideas．slike’renotrealistichumanbeings.Thecharactersaremoreliketypes，即角色并非现实中的人类，而更像是多种人物类型，因此A选项是正确答案。该部分未提到小说中人物个性相似，因此B选项不正确。根据学生的陈述可知，角色不是C选项和D选项不正确。20．WhatdothespeakersimplyaboutthesettingofTheBridgeofSanLuisRey?．Itlimitedthescopeofsimagination.．ItencouragedWildertorelyonhismemories.C．ItenabledWildertoaddresscontemporaryissues.．ItgaveWilderthefreedomtoconveyhisideas.正确答案：D解析：推断题。当谈到《圣路易斯雷伊的桥》的场景特色时，教授解释说小说场景是1820世纪的北美且写作前从未去过秘Soifyouwanttoteachamoralitsbettertosetyournovelsomeplaceyouveneveractuallybeen，soyourenotdistractedbywhatyouknowabouttheplace，whatyouremember．即通过这样的场景设置，在传达某个道理的时候更不容易被一些细节所干扰，表达得更加到位，因此D选项正确。该部分未提到18世纪秘鲁的场景设定会限制怀尔德的想象，因此A选项不正确。怀尔德在该小说的创作前未去过秘鲁，因此他并不是依靠记忆进行创作，因此B选项不正确。怀尔德的写作不涉及到当代生活和当代问题，因此C选项不正确。21．Whatdoestheprofessorsuggestthestudentshoulddoforhispaper?Clickon2answers..．Readanotheroneofsnovels．ChecktheaccuracyofWildersdescriptionsofPeruC．Examinethedebatesaboutsfiction．Comparesnovelstohisplays正确答案：，Cllneedto…和Irecommend…和并列连接词also。在对话的结尾部分，教授就学生的论文写作提出两条建议：1．TherewasquiteadebateoveritatthetimeWhenyoudoyourpaper,llneedtodoabitofresearchintothatandoneotherthingyoullneedtoresearch．即对争论进行调查；2．Well，IalsorecommendyoutakealookatWilderscomicnovelHeavensMyDestination.即阅读怀尔德的另外一部喜剧小说作品；因此A选项和C选项是正确答案。教授未要求学生检查对秘鲁描写的准确性，因此B选项不正确。该部分未提到对怀尔德的戏剧的研究，因此D选项不正确。22．Listenagaintopartoftheconversation,thenanswerthefollowingquestion.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?ToencouragethestudenttoconsiderthemotivatorsbehindWildersapproachtowriting．TosuggestthatthephilosophyexpressedinTheBridgeofSanLuisReyisoftenmisinterpretedC．Tofindoutwhetherthestudentremembersspecificdetailsfromthenovel．Topointoutthatthesettingofthenovelisignoredbymostcritics正确答案：A说的矛盾之处，并启发说doesthatseemremarkabletoyouatall?由此鼓励学生对这一问题进行研究，即学生论文的切入点，因此A选项是正确答案。该部分未提到小说《圣路易斯雷伊的桥》的寓意被曲解，因此B选项不正确。教授未对学生小说细节的掌握进行检查，因此C选项不正确。评论家认为小说的场景设置脱离现实，对其进行了强烈批评，因此D选项不正确。听力原文：Listentopartofalectureinabiologyclass.Professor:Agingofcourseisanaturalpartoflifeforalllivingthings.Mosttheoriesofaging,ofwhyagingoccurs,fallintooneoftwocategories.First,youhavethebiologic