高考总复习被动语态

。高考总复习：被动语态真题再现：1.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_______laterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snothingleft.D.arebeingrunout3.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid4.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse______.A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt6.Thelettersfortheboss__________onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.C.putD.hasput7.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit.A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedExperimentsofthiskind_____inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.C.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted9.—Ididn’taskforthenamelist.Why_____onmydesk?—Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.10.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam_____fourdayslater.A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued答案与分析1.A。从don’t可知语境为此刻，清除B、D；而laterinlife可知为未来的动作，意为“被赐予回报”，应选A。2.B。剖析题干语境可知，食品供给马上耗尽。runout为不及物动词短语，不可以使用被动。1。形式，由此可清除C和D两个选项。B选项为此刻进行时态，能够表示未来，切合题意。所以，正确答案为B选项。3.A。在时间状语从句顶用一般此刻时表未来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。A。句意为：他们此刻临时和父亲母亲一同居住，由于他们自己的房屋正在重修。依据句意可知，应使用被动语态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用此刻进行时态的被动语态。B。依据语境，火灾发生在过去的时间，人有可能“被火损害”，用一般过去时的被动语态。6.A。句子的主语为theletters，不可以选择第三人称单数形式，清除B,D项；并且信应该是“被放在桌上”，选择被动语态。7.D。It指代thereading-room，所以只好用被动，考虑到onlytobetold表示结果，所以选择D。8.D。experiment和conduct之间为被动关系，故清除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战以前，即“过去的过去”。9.B。依据句意可著名单此刻在桌子上，故用此刻时，清除C，D项；句中重申land这一动作对此刻产生的结果或影响，用此刻达成时。10.B。依据句意，member和rescue之间为被动关系，清除A，C项；此外rescue其实不是发生在getlost以前，不过陈说过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。知识解说：被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由be＋过去分词组成，be随时态的变化而变化。一般此刻时：am/is/are+done(过去分词)Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.此刻达成时：has/havebeendoneAllthoseflowershavebeenwatered.此刻进行时：am/is/arebeingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.一般过去时：was/weredoneWewereaskedtohelpthem.过去达成时：hadbeendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.过去进行时：was/werebeingdoneTheuniversitywasbeingbuiltwhenIsawlasttime.一般未来时：shall/willbedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.过去未来时：should/wouldbedoneShesaidthebookwouldbedeliveredsoon.未来达成时：shall/willhavebeendone。2。Iwillhavefinishedmyhighschoolthistimenextyear.被动语态的特别构造形式含神态动词的被动构造。其形式为：神态动词＋be＋过去分词。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.What’sdonecannotbeundone.有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动构造时，能够把主动构造中的一个宾语变成主语，另一宾语仍旧保存在谓语后边。往常变成主语的是间接宾语。Manybooksweregiventothechildrenattheschool.Annwasn’tofferedthejob.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构造变成被动语态时，将宾语变成被动构造中的主语，其余不变。Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.4.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变成被动构造时，要加to。Thepoorchildrenweremadetowork12hoursaday.Sheismadetocleanthefloor.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也能够用于被动构造，但要把它们看作一个整体，不可以分开。在被动构造中，切不行扔掉后边的介词或副词。Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith．Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible．使用被动语态的场合1.发言者不知道动作的履行者或不用说出动作的履行者(这时可省by短语)。PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina.借助被动的动作突出动作的履行者。Healthisvaluedaboveeverything.为了更好地安排句子。Wewereshockedbythebadnews.“Itissaid/thought/believedthat...”及近似句型一些表示“听说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等能够用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat听说Itisreportedthat据报导Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itishopedthat大家希望。3。Itiswellknownthat尽人皆知Itisthoughtthat大家以为Itissuggestedthat据建议Somebody/somethingbesupposedtodo...被希望；应当Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.I’msupposedtobemeetingTomat8:15.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.好多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描绘主语特色时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语往常是物。Glassbreakseasily.Thecarridessmoothly.Thedishtastesdelicious.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.注意：主动语态表被动重申的是主语的特色，而被动语态则重申外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门自己有缺点）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原由）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感觉、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1.形容词worth后边跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不可以跟动词不定式；而worthy后边跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）动词不定式的被动形式：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采纳被动形式。作主语：Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.组成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.。4。组成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.不定式有时还能够有达成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或许组成复合宾语、复合谓语等：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定语）不定式的主动形式表示被动在therebe构造中：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo(tobedone).Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).在“n／pron+be+ad.j+todo”构造中作方式状语。Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．在“too...todo;enoughto”构造中：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.在“with+n.+todo”构造中。Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。Ihavealettertotypetoday.(I是totype的逻辑主语)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的逻辑主语)当不定式隐含在forsbtodo构造中时。Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread).Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse.rent,blame,let等用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?“get+过去分词”能够表示被动，此构造比较口语化。Shegotmarriedlastweek.Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek．。5。Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled．Therewasafightatthepub,butfortunatelynobodygot(=was)hurt.被动表示主动意义beseated,belocated,besituated,bedressed等用被动形式表达主动意义。Pleasebeseated.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofthemountain被动语态与系表构造的差别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表构造时表示主语的特色或所处的状态时，be后边的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其划分方法以下：假如重申换作或句中有介词by指引出动作的履行者，该句一般为被动语态，不然为系表构造。Theglassisbroken．（系表构造）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）假如句中有地址、频次或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。Thedoorislocked．（系表构造）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态）被动语态除用于一般时态和达成时态外，还能够用于其余各样