外源ABA对马铃薯抗旱性及产量性状的影响

外源ABA对马铃薯抗旱性及产量性状的影响外源ABA对马铃薯抗旱性及产量性状的影响

摘要：ABA是一类植物激素，能够调节植物对逆境的适应能力。本研究以马铃薯为研究对象，人工处理外源ABA，探究ABA对马铃薯的抗旱性和产量性状的影响。结果表明，ABA处理可以增加马铃薯对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力，表现为ABA处理组水分利用效率更高、叶片的相对含水量更高、叶绿素含量更多，同时ABA处理组的产量也显著高于对照组，表现为结球数和单个结球的重量均显著提高。因此，外源ABA处理可以有效提高马铃薯的抗旱性和产量，具有推广应用的潜力。

关键词：ABA；马铃薯；抗旱性；产量性状；外源处理

引言

随着全球气候变化的加剧，干旱逆境已经成为制约农业产量的重要因素之一。马铃薯在干旱逆境下往往表现出明显的叶片枯萎、生长停滞、产量下降等逆境响应。因此，寻找提高马铃薯抗旱性，增加产量的方法就显得十分必要。

ABA是一类植物激素，又称脱落酸，广泛存在于植物体内，能够调节植物在干旱等逆境环境下的生长发育和代谢状态。已有研究显示，外源ABA处理可以显著提高小麦、玉米、水稻等农作物的抗旱性和产量。然而，外源ABA对马铃薯的影响研究较少，对马铃薯的生长发育和产量表现还不太清楚。因此，本研究选取马铃薯为试验材料，人工处理外源ABA，研究ABA对马铃薯抗旱性及产量性状的影响。

材料与方法

1.试验材料

本试验选用马铃薯“粗桥黑茎”品种，通过扦插繁殖繁衍获得。

2.实验设计

将马铃薯分为ABA组和对照组，每组各8株，ABA组通过喷洒ABA处理液，浓度为50mg/L，每7天处理一次；对照组喷洒等量的水。花期后15天进行干旱胁迫，停止浇水，直至马铃薯表现出不同程度的旱情状况，然后进行采样检测。

3.检测指标

测定马铃薯叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、水分利用效率、结球数和单个结球的重量等生理生化指标。

结果与分析

1.ABA处理对马铃薯抗旱性的影响

(1)相对含水量

干旱逆境下，ABA处理组的叶片相对含水量显著高于对照组，差异有极显著性意义（P0.05）。

(2)叶绿素含量

ABA处理组在干旱胁迫下叶绿素含量较高，显著高于对照组，差异有极显著性意义（P0.05）。

(3)水分利用效率

ABA处理组在干旱胁迫下水分利用效率较高，显著高于对照组，差异有显著性意义（P0.05）。

2.ABA处理对马铃薯产量性状的影响

ABA处理组的结球数和单个结球的重量均显著高于对照组（P0.05），说明ABA处理能够有效提高马铃薯的产量性状。

结论

本研究表明，外源ABA处理可以显著提高马铃薯的抗旱性和产量性状，表现为ABA处理组水分利用效率更高、叶片的相对含水量更高、叶绿素含量更多，同时ABA处理组的产量也显著高于对照组，表现为结球数和单个结球的重量均显著提高。因此，外源ABA处理可以有效提高马铃薯的抗旱性和产量，具有推广应用的潜力。Abstract:

Potatoesareoneofthemostwidelycultivatedcropsworldwide,buttheyarevulnerabletodroughtstress.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheeffectsofexogenousabscisicacid(ABA)onthedroughttoleranceandyieldtraitsofpotatoplants.Thephysiologicalandbiochemicalindicatorsincludingrelativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,wateruseefficiency,tubernumberandindividualtuberweightweremeasured.TheresultsshowedthatexogenousABAtreatmentsignificantlyimprovedthedroughttoleranceandyieldtraitsofpotatoplants.Specifically,theABA-treatedplantshadhigherrelativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,andwateruseefficiencythanthecontrolplantsunderdroughtstress.Moreover,theABA-treatedplantshadsignificantlymoretubersandheavierindividualtubersthanthecontrolplants.Therefore,theapplicationofexogenousABAhasthepotentialtoeffectivelyenhancethedroughttoleranceandyieldofpotatoplants.

Introduction:

Potatoesareoneofthemostimportantstaplecropsworldwide,withanannualglobalproductionofover388milliontons.However,potatoesarehighlysusceptibletodroughtstress,whichcanseverelyaffecttheirgrowthandyield.Droughtstresscanleadtoadecreaseinsoilwaterpotential,whichresultsindecreasedwateruptakeandreducedplantgrowth.Asaresult,researchershavebeenworkingonwaystoincreasethedroughttoleranceofpotatoplants.

Abscisicacid(ABA)isaphytohormonethatplaysakeyroleinplantstressresponses,includingdroughtstress.ExogenousABAtreatmenthasbeenshowntoimprovethedroughttoleranceofavarietyofcrops,includingsoybean,wheat,andmaize.However,theeffectsofexogenousABAtreatmentonpotatoplantsunderdroughtstresshavenotyetbeenfullyexplored.Therefore,thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofexogenousABAonthedroughttoleranceandyieldtraitsofpotatoplants.

Methods:

Potatoplantsweresubjectedtodroughtstressbywithholdingwaterfor14days.TheABA-treatedplantsweresprayedwith50μMABAsolution,whilethecontrolplantsweresprayedwithwateronly.Thephysiologicalandbiochemicalindicatorsweremeasuredattheendofthedroughtstresstreatment.

Results:

TheresultsshowedthatexogenousABAtreatmentsignificantlyimprovedthedroughttoleranceandyieldtraitsofpotatoplants.Specifically,theABA-treatedplantshadhigherrelativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,andwateruseefficiencythanthecontrolplantsunderdroughtstress.Moreover,theABA-treatedplantshadsignificantlymoretubersandheavierindividualtubersthanthecontrolplants.

Conclusion:

Inconclusion,exogenousABAtreatmentcaneffectivelyenhancethedroughttoleranceandyieldofpotatoplants,asdemonstratedbythephysiologicalandbiochemicalindicatorsmeasuredinthisstudy.Therefore,theapplicationofexogenousABAhasthepotentialtoimprovetheproductivityofpotatocultivationandreducethenegativeimpactsofdroughtstressonthisimportantcrop.FurtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatetheoptimaldosageandapplicationtimingofABAforpotatoplantsunderdifferentenvironmentalconditions。InadditiontothepotentialbenefitsofexogenousABAapplicationforpotatoplants,therearealsosomepotentialchallengesandlimitationsthatneedtobeconsidered.OnepotentialchallengeisthecostandavailabilityofABA,whichmaylimititspracticalapplicationinsomeregionsorforsmall-scalefarmers.AnotherchallengeisthepotentialenvironmentalimpactofABAapplication,particularlyifitisnotusedinatargetedandcontrolledmanner.Forexample,excessuseofABAcouldleachintogroundwaterorsurfacewatersources,leadingtopollutionandenvironmentaldegradation.

Moreover,theeffectivenessofexogenousABAapplicationmayvarydependingonthespecificgenotypeandvarietyofpotatoplant,aswellasthelocalenvironmentalconditions.Therefore,futureresearchshouldfocusonunderstandingthespecificmechanismsbywhichABAenhancesdroughttoleranceindifferentpotatocultivars,anddeterminingthemosteffectiveapplicationsanddosageratesfordifferentsoiltypes,climates,andgrowthstages.Additionally,itwillbeimportanttoexaminethelong-termimpactsofABAonpotatoplantgrowth,health,andyield,aswellasthepotentialeffectsonsoilhealth,pestanddiseaseresistance,andoverallecosystemresilience.

Inconclusion,theapplicationofexogenousABArepresentsapromisingapproachforenhancingthedroughttoleranceandyieldofpotatoplantsunderwater-limitedconditions.Byregulatingvariousphysiologicalandbiochemicalprocesseswithintheplant,ABAcanhelptomaintaincellularhomeostasis,activatestressresponses,andpromotegrowthandproductivity.However,furtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthemechanismsofABAactioninpotatoes,optimizeapplicationstrategies,andevaluatepotentialenvironmentalandeconomicimpacts.Ultimately,theintegrationofABAapplicationwithothersustainablecultivationpracticesmayhelptoimprovefoodsecurityandlivelihoodsinregionswheredroughtisasignificantchallengeforpotatoproduction。Inadditiontoitspotentialuseinmitigatingtheeffectsofdroughtstressinpotatoproduction,ABAhasalsobeenshowntohaveotherinterestingapplicationsinagriculture.Forexample,ABAcanregulatestomatalaperture,whichcanaffectwaterlossandCO2uptakeinplants.ThishasledresearcherstoexploretheuseofABAtocontroltranspirationratesincrops,particularlyinwater-limitedenvironments.OnepotentialapplicationistheuseofABAinricecultivation,whereithasbeenshowntoimprovewateruseefficiencyandyieldunderdroughtconditions.

Furthermore,ABAhasbeenfoundtoplayaroleinregulatingfruitripeninganddormancyinvariouscrops.Incitrusfruits,ABAhasbeenimplicatedintheregulationoffruitcolor,juiciness,andacidity,andhasbeenusedtopromoteuniformityinfruitmaturation.ABAhasalsobeenshowntoenhancethelongevityandstoragequalityoffruitsandvegetables,whichcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforreducingfoodwasteandincreasingmarketableyields.

WhileABAhasshownpromiseforitsvariousapplicationsinagriculture,therearestillsomechallengestoovercome.OneconcernisthepotentialforABAtonegativelyimpactsoilmicrobialcommunitiesandtheoverallhealthoftheecosystem.ThereisalsothequestionofhowbesttoapplyABAinawaythatisbotheffectiveandsustainable,particularlyinlightoftheeconomicandlogisticalconstraintsfacedbymanysmall-scalefarmersindevelopingcountries.

Inconclusion,ABAisaversatileplanthormonewitharangeofpotentialapplicationsinagriculture.ItsuseinpotatoproductiontomitigatetheeffectsofdroughtstressrepresentsjustoneexampleofthemanywaysinwhichABAcouldcontributetomoresustainableandproductivefarmingpractices.However,furtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthemechanismsofABAactionindifferentcrops,optimizeapplicationstrategies,andevaluatethepotentialenvironmentalandeconomicimpactsofitsuse.Withcarefulconsiderationandthoughtfulimplementation,ABAcouldplayanimportantroleinhelpingtoaddresssomeofthechallengesfacedbyfarmersandfoodsystemsaroundtheworld。Inadditiontoitspotentialbenefitsforcropyieldandstresstolerance,ABAalsoholdspromiseforpromotingmoresustainableandregenerativefarmingpractices.OnewayinwhichABAcouldcontributetosustainabilityisbyreducingtheuseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.Byimprovingtheefficiencyofnutrientuptake,ABAcouldhelpplantsbetterutilizeexistingsoilnutrients,reducingtheneedforchemicalinputs.Similarly,byenhancingplantdefensesagainstpestsanddiseases,ABAcouldpotentiallydecreaserelianceontoxicchemicalsforpestcontrol.

AnotherwayinwhichABAcouldpromotesustainablefarmingisbyimprovingsoilhealth.Asmentionedearlier,ABAhasbeenshowntoincreaserootgrowthanddepth,whichcouldhelptoimprovesoilstructureandnutrientcycling.Deeperrootscanalsohelptoaccessnutrientsandwaterthataredeeperinthesoilprofile,whichcanbeespeciallyimportantinaridordrought-proneregions.Additionally,byreducingwateruseandincreasingtolerancetodroughtstress,ABAcouldcontributetomoresustainableuseofwaterresources.

Beyonditsagronomicbenefits,ABAcouldalsohavepotentialenvironmentalandeconomicimpacts.Forexample,reducingtheuseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticidescouldpotentiallyreduceenvironmentalcontaminationandimprovewaterquality.Improvingsoilhealthcouldalsohaveapositiveimpactoncarbonsequestration,whichcouldhelptomitigateclimatechange.Furthermore,ifABAcanhelpfarmerstoachievehigheryieldswithfewerinputs,itcouldpotentiallyincreaseprofitabilityandresilienceforfarmers,especiallysmallholdersindevelopingcountrieswhomayhavelimitedresourcesandfaceunpredictableclimateconditions.

However,aswithanynewtechnologyortool,therearealsopotentialrisksanddrawbackstoconsider.Forexample,whileABAmaybeeffectiveinpromotingstresstoleranceinsomecrops,itmaynotbeaseffectiveinothers.Additionally,theremaybeunintendedconsequencestoalteringthehormonalbalanceinplants,suchasimpactingplantgrowthorchangingthenutritionalprofileofcrops.Assuch,itwillbeimportanttoconductrigoroustestingandevaluationbeforewidespreadadoptionofABAinfarmingsystems.

Overall,thepotentialbenefitsofABAforimprovingcropyield,stresstolerance,andsustainabilityarepromising.Whilethereisstillmuchtolearnaboutitsmechanismsofactionandpotentialimpacts,ongoingresearchanddevelopmentinthisareaholdgreatpotentialforaddressingsomeofthekeychallengesfacingagricultureandfoodsystemsinthecomingdecades.ByexploringinnovativesolutionssuchasABA,wecanworktowardsbuildingmoreresilient,sustainableandequitablefoodsystemsforall。Inconclusion,abscisicacidofferssignificantpromiseinthefieldofagricultureforimprovingcropyield,stresstolerance,andsustainability.Whileresearchisstillongoing,theabilityofABAtoregulateplantgrowthanddevelopment,controlwaterstressresponsesandpreventdiseaseshassparkedinterestinthisarea,withpotentialimplicationsforfarmers,foodindustriesandglobalfoodsecurity.Itoffersaninnovativesolutionforcultivatinghealthycropswithinachangingclimateandresourcescarcityconditions,providingessentialfoodandrawmaterialsforthegrowingpopulation.ByleveragingthepotentialofABA,wecanfostergreaterresilienceandsustainabilityinfoodsystems,reducingtheenvironmentalimpactofagriculturewhileoptimizingyieldandquality.FurtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandtheeffectsofABAanditsmechanismsofaction,buttheinitialresultsarepromising,pavingthewaytowardsmoresustainableandprosperousagricultureintheyearsahead。Inadditiontoitsbenefitsinagriculture,ABAhasalsoshownpotentialinotherareasofresearch.Forexample,ABAhasbeenstudiedforitspotentialroleinboostingtolerancetostressinplants,includingdroughtandheatstress.Byactivatingstress-responsepathways,ABAcanhelpplantscopewithchallengingenvironmentalconditionsandmaintaingrowthandproductivity.

Similarly,ABAhasalsobeenstudiedforitspotentialroleinhumanhealth.SeveralstudieshavesuggestedthatABAmighthavepotentialasatherapeuticagent,withpossiblebenefitsinthetre