翻译讲义初探考研英语强化课程

翻邮箱 翻译原

54倒装意译为增词减词适 一 内2长难句分3语篇上下文的联系主 代词的用1词意的曲199472题aleaderofthenewschoolcontends中199574whenthequalitiestobemeasured中199674题elegantsystem199771题thereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights “认识，看法”，而不是“账户199875题somerespectedideas中“公认”，而不是“受人尊敬的”199974题appropriatetovariousbranchofhistoricalinquiry中，inquiry？是“研究，探究，探索”，而不是“询问”2001年75题Andhomeapplianceswill esosmartthat...中，smart？200265题atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected中，technology？200365题中liketheconceptofsetinmathematics中，set？是“集，集合”而不是“一套，放置”；200462题weareobligedtothem中 “感谢，感激”的意思，而不是“被迫200548题afactunderlinedbystatistics中，underline？是“强调，表明，突出”，而不是“下划线”2、解决方词义选择的重要根据词性、词根、词缀来确定词根据上下文和汉语习However,theworldissomadethattheelegantsystemareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.(199674题)参考译文：然而，世Socialscienceisthatbranchofin lectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderlysystematicanddispassionedmanner.(200362题) 看懂原进行拆拆分即可翻Hisstateofweaknesswassuchthathewasunabletodigestanyfood,heconsumedbyfever,andhewouldhavediedbuttheattentionofhisfriendswhorescuedhimfromtheexcessesintowhichhehadbeenthrowing拆分的信号标点符连词：andorbutyetfor等并列连词；连接状语从句的连接词：when,assince,untilbefore,after,where, since,thoughtalthoughso 等,,等关系副词;连接定语从句的关系代词who,whichthatwhomwhose等等介词onin,with,at,ofto等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语不定式符号分词Socialscienceisthatbranchofin lectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.(35词，200362题分段给分、采点给分参考译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用 性的、有序的、系的和冷静的方式去研改变原文顺序，组合汉语译 在英语中定语从句总简短的状语可以放在复杂的状语从句可以 例先生 中创造了杂文，成了文学艺术中的奇葩上 为了严肃法纪，决定给他行政记过处分，并赔偿部分经济损失阅读汉 信达《马氏文通》1898年商务印书《中国语法理论》1945华书《中国现代语法》1954华书《语法修 》1979年( 合著)中国青（一定语从句的前置合译法 ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,when ernmentscametotheconclusionthatthedemandsthat ernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenin Onthewhole,suchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewaspunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.（199275题Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.参考译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在 定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponsewillexperiencegreaterinlectualdevelopment.（1990年）参考译文：行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其做出适反应的能力，那么TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootsinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.（200461题）参考译文：希腊人认为语言的结构和思维过程存在某种联系，这种观点早在人 语言的千差万别/多样之前就已经扎根于欧洲定语从句的溶合变译法Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature;actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork. （二 语态的翻译原Ｐ——寻找替代科技文献用“可以有“被”不用Todaythistreasuryofsiltistrappedbehindthedam,andthereisnoeffective参考译文 这种宝贵的泥沙（已经）让大坝给拦住了，并且也没有有效的系统（除沙YettheNilehasbeenchangedbymodernmaninwaysnotyetfully参考译文而尼罗河已经为现代人所改变，但是他们也没有完全理解这种改变的方式 然而现代的人们用连他3）Becauseitisveryslippery,itisusedfor因为它非常滑，所以可以用来作为润滑剂4.）Whenthecrudeoilisobtainedfromthefield,itistakentotherefinerytobetreated.Thecommonestformoftreatmentisheating.Whentheoilisheating,thefirstvaporstorisearecooled ethefinestpetrol.Petrolhasalowpoint;ifalittleispouredintothehand,itsoonvaporized.Gasthatcomesofftheoillateriscondensedintoparaffin.Lastofallthelubricatingoilsofvariousgradesareproduced.Whatremainsisheavyoilthatisusedasfuel.Itisnotknownhowrarethisresemblanceis，orwhetheritismostoftenseenininclusionsofsilicatessuchasgarnet,whosecrystallographyisgenerallysomewhatsimilartothatofdiamond；butwhenpresent，theresemblanceisregardedascompellingevidencethatthediamondsand inclusionsaretrulyAlong-heldviewofthehistoryofEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEngland’stowardthesecoloniesbefore1763wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthatachangetoamoreimperial dominatedbyexpansionistmilitaristobjectives,generatedthetensionsthat yledtothe参考答案：一个对于后来成了的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配，而且认为一种向着更大程度的政策上的转变——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了最终导致的紧张气氛。（三）代词Itmayseemstrangetoputintothesamepacketanindustrialrevolutionandtwopoliticalrevolutions.Butthefact thattheywereallsocial TwothingsareoutstandinginthecreationoftheEnglishsystemofcs,andtheycharacterizealltheIndustrial参考译文：有两点在修建/建造英国运河网中特别突出，而这两点正是整个工 的特点The swerearteriesofcommunications:theywerenotmadetocarrypleasureboats,but参考译文：运河是交JamesBrindleywasapioneerintheartofbuilding sor,asitwasthencalled,布瑞德雷是开凿运河的先驱，人们当时把开凿运河叫做‘navigation’Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelovaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdr