初中英语现在完成时过去完成时

第10讲_现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成一、现在完成时表示发生的动作造成的或表示过去的动作或状到现在。二、句子结构主语+has/have+done(去分词)三、基本用法用法表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始续到现在

示例Hehasalreadyobtainedscholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。Ihaven’tseenrecently.我最近很久没看到他。Peterwrittensixpapersforthreeyears.三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。也许还要持续下去常和for,since连Hehaslivedheresince2005.用。

自从2005年以来，他一直住在这儿。四、时间状语

1.yet用于否定或疑问句),already(用于肯定句中)2.since+过去时间点过去时的从句（译为：自从……以来）3.for+间段4.just,recently,never,…5.inpast/few五、动词过去分词的规则变化情况一般情况以不发音字母e结尾辅音字母加y结尾

变形加-ed加-d把y变i，加-ed

示例work-worked,visit-visitedlive-livedstudy-studied,cry-cried重读闭音节结尾

双写尾字母，再加-ed

stop-stopped,drop-dropped六、动词过去分词的不规则变化原形bursthurt

过去式bursthurt

过去分bursthurtAAA型AAB型ABA型

cuthitreadbeatruncome

cuthitreadbeatrancame

cuthitreadbeatenruncome

ABB型ABC型

bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbeginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwrite

broughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrote

broughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相关句式主语肯定式

has第三人称单数Hehasturnedthelightoff.

have第一/人称单数数Theyhavealreadyreadthisbook.否定式疑问式

Hehasn’tturnedthelightoff.Theyhaven’treadthisbookyet.Haseturnedthelightoff?Havetheyreadthisbookyet?简略回答

Yes,hehas./No,shehasn’t.

Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.

：主语+has/have+done+它.：主语+has/have+not+done+它.：Has/语+done+它?

答语：Yes,语+has/have.主语+’t/havent.八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for,since)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词：买借死离开开始参加去来、到达结束

buy(bought)borrow(borrowed)die(died)leave(left)begin(began)join(joined)go(went)come/arrive/reach/gettoend(ended)

have/hashadhave/haskepthave/hasbeendeadhave/hasbeenaway(from)have/hasbeenhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenthere/(in)have/hasbeenhere/(in)have/hasbeenover例：Thefilmbeganminutes5分钟前这部电影就开始放映了。---Thehasonforminutes.这部电影已经开始放映5钟了。---Itbeenfiveminutesthefilmbegan.自从这部电影放映开始已经有5分钟的时间了。1.用“形容词”代终止性动词1).“bemarried”代替marry2).“beill”代替fall(get)

3).“bedead”代替die4).“beasleep代替fallasleep5).“beawake代替wake/up6).“begone”代替lose,die,sell,7).“beopen”代替open8).“beclosed代替close/shut2.用“副词”代终止性动词1).“beon代替start,begin2).“beup代替up3).“beback代替returncomebackgoto4).“behere(there)”代替come(arrive,reach,get)go(arrive,reach,get)there等3.用“介词短语”代终止性动词1).“bein/at地点”代替to/come2).“beinarmy”代替joinarmy3).“bein/at地点”代替move一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。

二、易错点：gone(to);beenhasbeen三者的区别。1.has：表示某人已去了某地（现未回来）（不可f一段时间连用）。例：---WhereTom?汤姆在哪里？---HegonetoShanghai.他已经去了上海。2.has：表示去过某地（现已回来for+一段时间连用）。例：IhavebeentoNewYorktimesfar.到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。3.hasin表示一直待在某地，常与时间段搭配。例：Ihavebeenthearmymore5years.我在部队已经待了五年多了。1.1I_________alreadyinthisforyears.Awas;studyingCwill;study1.2I_________English2010.AlearntClearnt

Bare;studyingDstudiedBlearnDlearn

1.3I_________pencilyet.AfindC1.4

B’tfoundDMr.Brownthome._________tooffice.AbeenCgo2.1

BgoneDwentThey_________(nottheinterestingbooksyet.2.2用动词的适当形式填空。1.She_________(live)Hubeitwoyears.2.3Youneedn’thim._________(tell)already.2.4We_________just_________ourlunch.2.5Peter_________(live)inhometownheleft3.1Ihavetheretwoyears.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.2Myfatherlivedsince2000.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________随堂练习1.1MissGreen’tintheoffice.tolibraryAwentCgone1.2

BwasDbeenZhao_________already_________thisforyears.Awas;studyingCstudied1.3

Bwill;Dare;studyingWe_________Xiaosincewaslittlegirl.AknowCknown1.4

BknownDknewHisfathertheParty1978.

AjoinedCwasin1.5

BjoinedDbeenin---Ourcountryaso---Yes.itwilleven_________.Achanged;wellCchanged;better1.6

Bchanged;Dchanged;betterHergrandfatherforyears.AbeendeadCdied1.7

BdiedDbeendied用动词的适当形式填空。1.Shes_________(live)eversincewas2.Boththem_________inHongkongten3.Halfhour_________sincethe_________(leave).4.Maryherpen._________you_________itandthere?5._________you_________yourwatch6.Allmyclassmatesnotclassroom.they_________(go)library.1.8句型转换

1.IeverbeenIndiaRussia.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.I’workedforyears.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.Mikealreadyhiswatch.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________过去完成知识精讲一、过去完成时表示以在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。

二、句子结构主语+had+done过去分词)三、基本用法用法表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这

示例1.BythetimeIwentoutside,thebushadalready我到外面去的时候，公交车已经开走了。个过去的时间常用by,before2.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinally等介词短语或用when引导receivedmagazinehehad的时间状语从句表示，也可longexpected.以暗含在上下文中。表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for,since等词连用。在一段情景连贯的语句中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时兴奋得两眼放光1.Thenewscamenosurprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethefactorywasgoingshutdown.听到这个消息我并不感到意外厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。2.Itwassixandhewastiredbecausehehadworkeddawn.已经6点了他感到很累因为他从天亮一直工作到现在。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了借的书。1.Ithoughthadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。2.Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.她说她已经看过这部电影了。

四、时间状语1.theend去的时间:byendlastyear2.Bytime+从句(sb.did)3.before+去的时间:beforeMonday4.when导的时间状语从句五、动词过去分词的规则变化情况一般情况以不发音字母e结尾辅音字母加y结尾

变形加-ed加-d把y变i，加-ed

示例work-workedvisit-visitedlive-livedstudy-studiedcry-cried重读闭音节结尾

双写尾字母，再加-ed

stop-stoppeddrop-dropped六、动词过去分词的不规则变化原形bursthurt

过去式bursthurt

过去分bursthurtAAA型AAB型

cuthitreadbeat

cuthitreadbeat

cuthitreadbeaten

ABA型ABB型ABC型

runcomebringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbeginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwrite

rancamebroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrote

runcomebroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相关句式肯定式否定式疑问式

结构主语+had+done主语+had+not+doneHad+主语done?

示例Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehewentouttoplay.在他出去玩之前，他早已经完成他的作业。Hehadn’tfinishedhiswentouttoplay.在他出去玩之前，他还没完成他的作业。Hadhefinishedhishomeworkbeforehewentouttoplay?

答语

在他出去玩之前，他还没完成他的作业了吗？Yes,主语+had.Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.No,主语+hadn’t.是的，他已经完成了。不，他还没有完成。一、考点：过去完成时的基本用法和时间状语。二、易错点：过去完成时时间状语剖析：1.theend的时间点：“到……末”主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：Wehadlearnedthousandwordsbytheendoflastterm到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。2.Bytime+句(sb.did)：“截止到……为止”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：Themoviebeenbythetimewegot.当我们带那儿的时候，电影已经开始了。1.1Theparty_________beforehearrived.Abegin

B

Cbegun1.2

DbegunBythetimeparentshomeyesterday,_________dinneralready.AcookedChcooked1.3

BcookedDwascookedLucytoldthatsister_________bankwhenarrived.AjustbeenCjustbeen2.1

BjustgoneDjustgone1.Whengotclassroom,class_________(finish).2.2They_________(noteachotherbeforetheymarried.2.3Mymother_________sevenbooksendlastyear.2.4After_________(eat)dinner,beganrain.2.5OnreturningIfound_________(leave)umbrellatheoffice.3.1Ihadtheticketshecame.

否定句：_________________________________疑问句：_________________________________肯定回答：_________________________________否定回答：_________________________________3.2Shehadasongbeforedanced.否定句：_________________________________疑问句：_________________________________肯定回答：_________________________________否定回答：_________________________________3.3By10am.Ibeenveryhungry.否定句：_________________________________疑问句：_________________________________肯定回答：_________________________________否定回答：_________________________________随堂练习2.1Heasked_________duringsummerholidays.AwhereIhadbeenCwherehadIbeen2.2

BwhereIhadgoneDwhereIgone

用动词的适当形式填空。1.TheReads(have)lunchI_________(get)totheirhouse.2.Mygrandmotherhadpreparedbefore_________(arrive)home.3._________(learn)1000Englishbyendlastterm.4.Paul_________outwithafter_________(make)phonecall.5.Tomhe___________(read)booktwice.2.3I_________900EnglishwordsbytheIten.AlearnedClearned2.4

BwaslearningDlearntHe_________play_________beforehewasyearsAlearned;pianoClearned;thepiano2.5

Blearned;thepianoDlearns;pianoBytheendlastthey_________bridge.AcompletedCwillcomplete2.6

BcompletedDcompleted

句型转换1.ThemeetingbeguntheIthereyesterday.否定句：__________________________________疑问句：__________________________________肯定回答：__________________________________否定回答：__________________________________2.Allticketssoldbeforewenttheofficelunchtime.否定句：__________________________________疑问句：__________________________________肯定回答：__________________________________否定回答：__________________________________3.BytimeItocinema,moviebeenontenminutes.否定句：__________________________________疑问句：__________________________________肯定回答：__________________________________否定回答：__________________________________1

Hurryup!play_____tenminutes.AbegunC2

Bbeenon---Doknowhimwell?---Sure_________friendstenyearsAwereCbecome3

BbeenDmadeTomand_________WestHillalready.AgotCbeen4

BarrivedatDreached---Whereyou_________,Kate?’ve_________thebank.Agone;goneCgone;been5

BbeenDgoneMyparents_________tenyears.AbeenCgoneto6

BbeenDbeen用动词的适当形式填空。1._________already_________the

2.Myfather(read)booksinceyesterday.3.Jack_________(finish)hishomeworkalready.4.---Arethirsty?---No,_________just_________(have)someorange.5.Myfather(read)noveltwice.6.---WhereisJim?---_________(go)England.7句型转换1.Lindagonetheteachersoffice.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.Ialreadyseenfilm.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.Shewatchedfilmtwice.

否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________8用动词的适当形式填空。1.Whenchairman_________(finish)speaking,_________(leave)thehall.2.Bob____