专四模拟试题附参考答案 （1）3

专四模拟试题附参考答案(1)3Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAAllSirWilliamJoneswantedtodowastolearnSanskrit.Whilehewasstudying,however,hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.ThisancientlanguageofIndiawasamazinglysimilartoLatinandGreek.TheSanskritwordfor"mother"—matar—wasalmostidenticaltotheLatinword,mater.“Father”waspitarinSanskrit,paterinLatinandGreek.Themorehestudied,themoresimilaritieshefound.Howcouldthisbe?ThousandsofmilesandmanynaturalbarriersseparatedIndiaandEurope.Still,Jonesconcluded,thesimilaritiesweretoostrongtobeaccidental.In1786,heannounced“Noonecouldexaminethemallthree,withoutbelievingthemtohavesprungfromsomecommonsource.”Sincethen,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothis“commonsource.”Today,theselanguagesarecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.Butwheredidthissourceoriginate?Languageandgeographyprovidetheclues.EuropeanlanguageshavesimilarwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofnorthernEurope,suchasoak,willow,bear,andwolf.TherearenocommonwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofsouthernEurope.Toscholars,thissuggeststhattheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesbeganinnorthcentralEurope.Intime,somenorthernEuropeanssetouttowardtheeast,settlinginIran,India,andPakistan.OthersmigratedwestwardtowardsouthernandwesternEurope.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodozensofdifferentlanguages,butthefamilyresemblancesremain.Thewordfor“three”isdreiinGerman,tresinSpanish,treinAlbanian,andtriinRussian.AlmosteverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily,butthereareexceptions.HungarianandFinnishclingtootherlanguagefamilies.HighinthePyrenees,theBasquepeoplespeakalanguagethathasnoknownrelatives.PerhapstheBasquesweretheoriginalinhabitantsoftheregion.Isolatedbymountains,theymayhavebeenbypassedbythespreadofIndo-Europeanculture.81.WhatdidSirWilliamJonesdiscoverwhenhewaslearningSanskrit?A.SanskritwasverysimilartosomeEuropeanlanguages.B.Sanskritwasanancientlanguage.C.TheSanskritwordformotheristhesameasthatinLatin.D.LatinandGreekwereverysimilar.82.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout"thecommonsource"?A.Jonesfoundoutthecommonsource.B.Alllanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.C.Onlythreelanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.D.Since1786,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothecommonsource.83.Wheredidthecommonsourceoriginate?A.InsouthernEurope.B.Innorth-centralEurope.C.InIndia.D.inPakistan.84.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Jonesfirstdiscoveredtherootlanguage.B.ThelanguageswiththecommonsourcearecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.C.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodifferentlanguagesaspeoplemigrated.D.EverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily.TEXTBYourfirstcultureshockcameafteryouleftyourhomecountryandyouneededtoadjusttotheUnitedStates,Itisnowimportanttolearnculturalinformationaboutyourcompany,sothatyouwillfitinandperformsuccessfully.Thepeoplewhomakeupthisenvironmenthavetheirowncustoms,habitsandexpectationsofeachnewemployee.Gatheringinformationthatisformal(policy)andinformal(traditions)willhelpyoulearntheprofessionalnormsandbecomefullyaccepted.Policiesarecorporatedocumentsdescribingprocedures,rules,andstandardsthatguidedecisionmakingandconduct.Theyaresimilartoofficiallawsthatgovernacountry.Somesourcesofsuchwrittencompanyinformationincludetheannualreport,productorservicebrochures,technicalandproceduralmanual,employeedirectoryandthecompanynewsletter.Organizationaltraditionsareusuallyunwrittenhutcommonpracticesthathaveevolvedovertime.Theysetthetoneandphilosophyoftheparticularcorporation,justasthecustomsofacountrydo.Thebestwaytolearnsuchinformationistoobserveandtalkwithotherssuchasyoursupervisorandco-workers.Youcansupplementideasfromformalintroductorymaterialsgivenyouearlier.Explorewithfellowemployeesthosebehaviorsthatmaybetoleratedbutfrownedupon.Askyoursupervisorforfeedbacktoavoidtypicaltrapsthatcouldcauseyourco-workerstorejectyouasaprofessional.Keepthisguidenearby,andrefertoitofteninprivate.Reviewingformalcompanyprocedures,handouts,writtennotes,ideas,commentsfrombossesandcolleagues,togetherwithmaterialsinthishandbook,willhelpyoumakeamorehealthyculturaladjustment.85.Whatisthepurposetolearnculturalinformation?A.ToknowtheU.S.A.better.B.Toworkbetterinthenewenvironment.C.Tomakemoremoney.D.Toimproveone'sEnglish.86.Accordingtothepassage,___________isnotthepolicy'sfunction.A.describingprocedures,rulesandstandardsB.governingacountryC.helpingtoguidedecisionmakingandconductD.writingdownthecompany'sinformation87.____________isthebestwaytolearntheorganizationaltraditions.A.To