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Unit1Greatscientists:
Teachingaims
I.Tohelpstudentslearntodescribepeople
2.TohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnow
3.Tohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists^^
4.Tohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressions
5.Tohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof“ThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&the
attribute”
Period1Warmingupandreading
TeachingProcedures
I.Wanningup
StepILeadin
Talkaboutscientist.
T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecialday,thedaywhenyoubecomeasenior
twograder.IamhappytobewithyouhelpingyouwithyourEnglish.Todaywearetoreadabout
acertainscientist.Butfirstlefsdefinetheword“scientist”.Whatisascientist?
Ascientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstandhowtheuniverseorother
thingswork.
Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Herearesomeexamples:Thosethatstudy
physicsarephysicists.Thosethatstudychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudybiologyare
biologists.
StepII
Askthestudentstotrythequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.
T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyouname
someofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshave
anythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerall
thesequestions.
1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.
2.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808-1882).ThenameofthebookisOriginofSpecies.
3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729),aninventorofsteamengine.
4.GregorMendel,Czech,abotanistandgeneticist.
5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench,achemistandphysicist.
6.ThomasEdison,American,aninventor.
7.LeonardodaVinci,Italian,anartist.
8.SirHumphryDavy,British,aninventorandchemist.
9.ZhangHeng,ancientChina,aninventor.
10.StepperHawking,British,aphysicist.
II.Pre-reading
StepI
Getthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheirpartners.Thenaskthestudents
toreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirdifferentopinions.
1.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?
Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneed
publichealthcaretosolvethem.Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease,somayanimals,
suchasbirdflu,AIDS、SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.
2.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?
CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcallndVibriocholerae.Itinfectspeople's
intestines(肠]causingdiarrheaandlegcramps(抽筋)Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisby
someoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated。亏染)withthebacteria.
Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms(症状)、butaseverecase
canleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.
3.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?
Anybodymightcomeoutwithanewidea.Buthowdoweproveitinscientificresearch?
Therearesevenstagesinexamininganewideainscientificresearch.Andtheycanbeputinthe
followingorder.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Justguess.
Findaproblem—Makeupaquestion—Thinkofamethod—>Collectresults-
Analysetheresults一Drawaconclusion—Repeatifnecessary
III.Reading
StepIPre-reading
1.DoyouknowJohnSnow?
JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“King
Cholera”.
2.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?
Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsin
theoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.
LefsgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera^^in1854inLondoninthis
readingpassage:
StepIISkimming
Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.
1.Whodefeats4tKingCholera44?(JohnSnow)
2.Whathappenedin1854?(CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.)
3.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?(500)
4.WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9Cambridge
Street?
(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.)
(Optional)
Skimthepassageandfindtheinfbnnationtocompletethefbnnbelow.
WhoWhenWhatHowResult
John1854helpingExaminingthesourceof“KingCholera^^
Snowordinaryallwatersuppliesanddefeated
peoplefindingnewmethodsof
exposedtodealingwithpolluted
cholerawaster
StepIIIScanning
Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.
2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.
]AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.
4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.
7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.
3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.
8KingCholerawasdefeated.
5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.
6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.
StepIVMainideaandcorrectstage
Readthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease.
JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”
ParagraphStagesGeneralideas
Findaproblem:Thecausesofcholera
1
Whatcausethecholera?
Makeupaquestion:Thecorrectorpossibletheory
2
Whichisright?
Thinkofamethod:Collectdataonwherepeoplewereillanddied
3
Testtwotheoryandwheretheygottheirwater
Collectresults:Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwhere
4
Markthedeathpeoplediedordidnotdie
Analyzetheresults:Lookintothewatertoseeifthatisthecauseof
5
Findtheresourceofthewatertheillness
6FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion
DrawaconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwas
7
toblameforthecauseoftheLondoncholera
StepVGroupdiscussion
Answerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)
1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?
(JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelated
tocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepolluted
water.)
2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?
(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythose
householdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthose
housesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointed
tothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.)
3.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?
(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothserious,
haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.)
StepVIUsingthestagesfbrscientificresearchandwriteasummary.
Period2&3Languagefocus
StepIWarmingup
1.characteristic
①n.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthemandeasytorecongnize.
特征;特性
WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians.
②a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsomeone'scharacer典型性的,
Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.
WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.
[辨析]characteristic与character
characteristic是可数名词,意为“与众不同的特征“
character表示(个人、集体、民族特有的)“性格、品质”,还意为“人物;文字”
Whatyouknowabouthimisn'thisrealcharacter.
2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanorperson,fbrotherpeopleto
consider提出
Heputforwardanewtheory.
Theforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.
AninterestingsuggestionfbrmeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward.
☆puton穿上;戴上;增加putout熄火(灯);扑灭(火)putupwith…忍受
putdown写下来;放下;putoff耽误;延期putup建立;建造,
putup举起,搭建,粘贴
3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertounderstanditvt.分析结果、
检讨、细察
Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.
TheearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheearthquakeoccurredonMay12,2008.
Lefsanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.
Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.
Wemusttrytoanalyzethecausesofthestrike.
☆analysisn.分析,解析,分解
4.conclude:decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringaltheinfonnationyouhave得出结论;推
论出toendsth.suchasameetingorspeechbydoingorsayingonefinalthingvt.&vi结
束,终止;
Weconcludedthemeetingat8o'clockwithaprayer.
Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker.
Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts?
Weconcludetogoout/thatwewouldgoout.
conclusionn.结论
arriveataconclusion;cometoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusion
Whatconclusiondidyoucometo/reach/draw/arriveat?
Fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.
Step2Reading
1.defeat
①vt.towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc.打败,战胜,使受挫
I'vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!
Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.
②n.失败,输failuretowinorsucceed
Thismeansadmittingdefeat.
Theyhavegotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.
[辨析]win,beat与defeat
①win“赢得”赛事、战事、某物;后接人时,意为“争取赢得…的好感或支持;说服”
②beat“战胜击败”比赛中的对手,可与defeat互换
Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.
Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.
Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.
Icaneasilybeat/defeathimatgolf.
Heistraininghardtowintheraceandrealizehisdreamofbecomingachampionatthe2008
OlympicGames.
2.expert
①n.someonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject专家,能手
anexpertinpsychologyanagriculturalexpert
②a.havingspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject熟练的,有专门技术的
anexpertrideranexpertjob需专门知识的工作
Heisexpertin/atcooking.
3.attendvt.&vi参加,注意,照料
①bepresentat参力口attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/class/ameeting
Ishallbeattendingthemeeting.
Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.
②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefbr,serve伺候,照顾,看护
Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.
DrSmithattendedherinhospital.治,才
Areyoubeingattendedto?接待
Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.
③attendto处理,注意倾听attendtothematter
Anurseattendstohisneeds.
Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?
Imaybelate-1havegotoneortwothingstoattendto.
Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.
[辨析]attend,join,joinin与takepartin
①attend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等
②join指加入某组织、团体,成为其中一员
③joinin指加入某种活动;表示与某人一起做某事joinsb.insth.
④takepartin指参加正式的、有组织的活动,切在活动中起积极作用
Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.
HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2007.
Willyoujoinusinthegame?
Weoftentalepartintheafter-classactivities.
4.expose:toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered暴露
exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下
Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.
Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.
Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.
5.curevt.&n.tomakesomeonewhoisillwellagian治疗,痊愈
WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.
@curesbofadisease
Whenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwillgotoseeadoctor.Thedoctorwillcure
you.
Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.
Hewillcurethepaininyourshoulders
WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.
Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.
Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.
②acureforadisease
Aspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain.
Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold.
Isthereacertaincurefbrcanceryet?
③acurefbrsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation解决问题,改善困境
Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocurefbrrisingprices.
[辨析]cure与treat
①cure主要指痊愈,强调的是结果
②treat强调治疗过程,指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病,不强调结果。
Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.
Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.
6.controlvt.&n.
①vt.:tohavepowerover,rule,direct控制,支配,管理
Hecannotcontrolhisfeelings/anger.
YouaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughIwereyourslave.
Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.
②beunderthecontrolof...;beincontrolof;
take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;losecontrolof;beyondcontrol
Georgetook/gainedcontrolofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied.
Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothepole.
theheadincontrolofthecountry
Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.
Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./TheshopisinthecontrolofMr.Brown.
ThismoneyisundercontrolofMrBrown.
Who'sincontroloftheproject?
Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.
7.suggestv.建议;暗示;表明
①suggest+doing/sth./that-clause
Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.
Whatdidyousuggesttotheheadmaster?
Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.
Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.
他建议我们参观长城。
HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.
HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.
②suggest(暗示,表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。
Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.
Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.
Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasseriouslyill.
Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefulman.
8.absorb
①totakesth.inespeciallygradually吸收
Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide.
Incoldclimates,housesneedtohavewallsthatwillabsorbheat.
Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper(吸墨纸).
Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.
②tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthem
It'shardtoabsorbsomuchinformation.
☆beabsorbedin=concentrateon专心于
HeisabsorbedintheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.
Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.
IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidn'thearyoucall.
☆absorbone'sattention
Chinesehistoryabsorbshisattentionrecently.
9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueorlikely,especiallysomethingbad
①vt.怀疑,猜疑n.嫌疑犯,有嫌疑的人adj,可疑的,靠不住的
suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做…
Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.
②以为,猜想
Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.
10.severea.
①soserious,sobad严厉的,苛刻的,严格的
Comeon!Don'tbesoseverewiththechildren.
Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompany'sactions.
Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.
②veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable(疼痛)剧烈,的严重的,
Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn'tgobackhomeintime.
Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.
Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.
Hehadaseverepainintheleg.
11.foresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbeforeitactuallyhappensvt.预见,预料
Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcouldn'thavebeenforeseenbyitsinventors.
Fewanalystsforesawthatoilricewouldrisesosteeply.
Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnatthisway.
Ifsimpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout.
12.blamev.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备
①blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.isresponsibleforsth.bad
因…而指责
It'snotfairtoblameme.Ifsnotmyfault.
Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.
ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.
②blamesth.onsb./sth.把..归咎于:beresponsibleforsth.bad
Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack'scarelessdriving.
③(be)toblame应受责备(主动表被动);承担责任
Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.
Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?
EitherheorIamtoblame.
Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oidboy,sayingthathewasnottheoneto
blame.
Whoistoblameforthefire?
④taketheblame承担责任tosaythatsth.isyourfault
Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.
⑤puttheblameon怪在...身上
It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.
13.lookinto调查,了解,研究,浏览,向…里看
WeUllookintothecaseassoonaspossible.
Butnowtheauthorityislookingintothecostofmodifyingallofitswindows.
Thebuildingaroundthecomercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlookingintothe
matter.
lookaround;lookafter,lookdownupon;lookfor;lookforwardto;looklike;lookover浏
览,过目一遍;lookout;lookthrough浏览,检查;lookon;lookupto;
14.handlevt.todealwith处理,买卖,操作n.把手,把柄
ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan*thandlethem.处理
Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.买卖
Wedon^handlethatsortofbook.买卖
Howshallwehandletheproblem.处理
Canyouhandlethesituationatpresent?处理
Ithasafreehandle.活把手
Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.操作
15.link
①V.连接,联系
Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.
Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.
Televisionstationsaroundtheworldarelinkedbysatellites.
Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.
②n.
Researchershavedetectedalinkbetweensmokingandheartdisease.
Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease?
Alotoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.
linkup(with)连接,结合;link...with/to把…与相连接
16.announce
①tomakeknownpublicly;togiveinformationusingaloudspeaker,esp.atanairportor
railwaystation;tointroduceaprogramonTVorradio
ThenewswasannouncedbyRadioBeijing.
Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.
Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.
Thegovernmentannouncedthattheywouldbuildanewhighwaytothemountain.
Thearmyannouncedacease-fire.
Theannouncerannouncesthreeprogramsaweek.
IthasbeenannouncedthatMr.AandMissBwillbemarriednextweek.
②announcement
trainapproachannouncement
Hewaitedfbrtheannouncementoftheresultofthecompetition.
☆makeanannouncement
17.instruct:toteach;toorder
—Whoinstructsyourclassinhistory?—MrBlack.Heisourinstructor.
Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthistelephone.
Fvebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.
Thedoctorinstructedmetostayinbed.
Theoldworkersinstructusnotonlyinwordsbutdeeds.
☆instruction:detaileddirectionsonprocedure;anorder;teaching
ThebossgavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmuddledup.
Weforgottoreadtheinstructions,(aninstructionbook)
UnderBerry'sinstruction,Islowlymasteredtheartofglassblowing.
Hegaveustheinstructionstofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.
Alwaysreadtheinstructionsonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.
Period4Learningaboutlanguage(Grammar)
Teachingaims
Tohelpstudentslearntouseusefulwordsandexpressions
TohelpstudentslearntouseThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&attribute
TeachingProcedures
I.Makingalist
Makeisawordwhichissoactivethatitformsnumerousphrases.Nowmakealistofphraseslike
“makealist,makemistakes^^.
Collocationsofmake...
makeaguess,makeahaircut,makehaste,makeholiday,makeinquires,makeajoke,makea
journey,makealanding,makealeap,makealiving,makeamistake,makeamotion,makea
noise,makeanote,makeanobjection,makeanoffer,makepeace,makepreparation,make
progress,makeaprogress,makeapromise,makeaproposal,makearecovery,makearemark,
makeareply,makeareport,makearequest,makearesolution,makeaspeech,maketrouble,
makeaturn,makewar
ILReadingandfinding
ReadagainthetextJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA"andfindoutalltheexamples
wherethepastparticipleisused.
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied,(usedasattribute)
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople,(usedaspredicative)
IIIDoingexercises
Turntopage4andcompleteinpairsExercises1,2and3.Thencheckyouranswersagainstyour
partners9.
IV.Learningaboutthemakingandusesofpastparticiple
Toformthepastparticipleofaverb,addtheending-edtothebaseform.(Butnotethatmany
commonverbshaveirregularpastparticipleforms.)
Thepastparticipleisusedinthefollowingcircumstances
OAftertheauxiliaryhaveintheperfecttense
Hastheradiobeenfixedyet?
OAfteraformoftheauxiliarybeinthepassivevoice
TheradiowasfixedonMonday.
OAftertheverbshaveandgetwithacausativemeaning
Wehadtheradiofixedlastweek.
OAsapassiveparticipialadjective
Therecentlyfixedradioisbrokenagain.
过去分词作定语
1单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所twomarriedwomen
修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作afoundumbrella
定语一般要后置。ausedstamp
fallenleaves
anovelwrittenbyJim
thelettersenttoourboss
2过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。WhafsthelanguagespokeninGermany?
Theydecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.
3过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定Heisfondofthefoodcooked(=whichhadbeencooked)
语从句。byyourmother.
Thereportisthebestofitskindeverwritten(=thathas
everbeenwritten).
4有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一athree-leggeddeskaone-eyeddog
名词的ed形式构成复合形容词。anhonest-facedmanawarm-heartedlady
Explaintheusageofthepastparticiplesaspredicativeandattribute.
1.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词;不及物
动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词,如go,come,assemble等,
它们用在连系动词之后,表示完成意义,无被动意义。例如:
Themanlookedquitedisappointed.
Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusal.
Hishairisnearlyallgone.
已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语,常见的有accomplished,amazed,amused,
astonished,broken,closed,completed,complicated,confused,crowded,devoted,disappointed,
discouraged,drunk,excited,frightened,hurt,interested,lost,satisfied,surprised,worried等。
2.过去分词作定语
a)用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词,带有被动意义和完成意义。例如:
Welikeskatinginthefrozenlakeinthewinter.
=Wclikeskatinginthelakewhichhasbeenfrozeninthewinter.
Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?
=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?
来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语,能作这样用的仅限以下几个词,这时
仅表示完成意义,不表示被动意义。例如:
aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretired
anescapedprisoner=aprisonerwhohasescaped
afaded/witheredflower=aflowerthathasfaded/withered
fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen
therisensun=thesunthathasjustrisen
areturnedstudent=astudentwhohasreturned
vanishedtreasure=treasurethathasvanished
b)用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词,表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分
词相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.
=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.
Thelobsterbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.
=Thelobsterwhichwasbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.
Practice:
将下列句子译成英语.
1.他看上去又累又沮丧.
2.我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。
3.我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.
4.经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后,第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.
5.早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。
6.彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。
Sampleanswers:
1.Helookedtiredanddepressed.
2.Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.
3.Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.
4.Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleepless-ness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalk
alongthebeachthenextday.
5.Asearlyasin1649,Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbe
establishedineverytown.
6.Peterwasveryamazedatallthis.
V.Languagepoints
1.cometoanend结束,终结,终止
Themeetinghascometoanend.
bringtoanend;drawtoanend;putanendtosth.
I'mdeterminedtoputanendtoalltheserumours.
3.constructionn.建造,建设,构筑
Theconstructionofthedamtookseveralyears.
Thenewbridgeisstillunderconstruction.
underconstruction/repair/discussion在建设中
4.contributevt.&vi捐献,贡献,捐助
Everyoneshouldcontributewhathershecanafford.
contributeto有助于,促成
contributesth.to把…捐赠给…,给…投稿,为
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