2019雅思作文范文

雅思作文【抄写范文，分析记忆很有效】小作文20minutes动态/静态（3种题型）7分=TA+CC+LC语法时态勿出错！四天解决：静态/动态/流程图/地图开头：同意转换/不要用过去式Thechartprovidesinformation/dataabout…Itcanbeseenfromthechart,…Accordingtothechart,..Thechartshows/illustrates/suggeststhechangesin…Thechartillustrates/showshow.Changed/varied/that…(宾语从句)中间段落：四大评分要求！！！多图单位一致按对象分段/不一致按图分段TA：2个以内数据得全部说明，两种对比都得对比到位【总结/归纳】占据：accountfor,represent,makeup,constitute花费:thecost/spending/expenditure+on说数据：the.Figure/amount/number/proportionforthepipeline.时间：Atthebeginningofthe1999,bythemiddle/endofFromthe1900sonwards,从。。。开始Duringtheperiodfrom1999to2002从。。到。。。Inthefollowing5years在随后的五年内Increasedfor5yearsinarow.持续增涨了五年4and引导的并列句5while/although引导的状语从句6therebe7comparedwith…/分词结构8when/where引导的定语从句.egthemostseverlanddegradationwasinEurope,where23%oflandwasdegraded.必备句势1倍数：AdoublesB/triplesAis#timesasadjasBAis#times-1adjasBegthepercentageofAis10timesmorethanthatofB2最高级：the.HighestpercentageofNisn#takesthefirst/second/thirdplace,at3%#liesinthedominantpositionin…3比较级：A…3%,comparedwith4%inBIncontrast,……Besignificantlylower.1多达asmuchas40%[periods]2仅仅nrepresentsamere/only1%ofN3超过topped/exceeded5%4多于theconsumptionoffishwasjustover505少于fishwasconsumed(justbelow50).6总数atotalof50waspendsonpublictransport7剩余theremaining80%8从哪到哪rangingfrom3to89相比therebe….(20millionin1999versus110millionin2001)10分别AandBV2%and5%respectively9单一数据占比（动词占比/80%ofNisn/thepercentageofnis30）A,accountingfor5%,isthemostpopularNintheplace.……………..,at5%10多个数据分别占比(respectively放句末/collectively放other之后)SthinAandBare2%and5%respectively.Otherreasonsrespectonly7%collectively=theremaining7%wasotherproblems不变：remainsstable/steady流动：Fluctuated最高点：Peakat/reachapeakof最低点：Diptothebottomat/reachalowof句型Nincreaseddramatically(from20)to50/by30Itincreasedsteadilyfromabout500kmto300km.Therebeanincreasein/wasafluctuationintheNbetween1998and2000CC：类似/对比/动词前加程度副词轻微的Slightly,modestly，steadily,slowly,gradually显著的Considerably,remarkably,noticeably,significantly极为显著Dramaticallyrapidly类似Also，orso,similarly,atthesametime,nearly,almost,around对比Incontact,comparedwith,ontheotherhand,while介词的正确使用AtFigure/amount/number/proportion三种用法句子/名词后1afterpeakingat100billion2,at5%3lowerproportionofnatonly5%By表强调，，增加/降低了多少Thepercentagegraduallydeclinesby55%With是At之后不一样主语的使用。。。with5qin1988,risingto45qin2012To加增减后的最终数值From3to4/soaredtoalmost250括号/冒号跟在名词后表示数据防止句子零散TRi：注意词性转化！！！上升下降一般VIncrease,growto5%Decrease,drop,decline大幅度VRocket,leapPlump,slump句首——名词ThegrowthisNabout30%Decline/reduction句中——名词Therebeanincreaseof30%介词,up40%,down30%分词,risingto7%,droppingto6%词组Aisontherise.Bisindecline趋势TherebeanupwardtrendThedownwardtrendisB结尾：必须写最值/对比/趋势不要出现数据！个人观点或者inconclusion/thereforeOverall/globally/further…总结我的问题1，+数据——可做同位语❌不要用，+which定语从句2副词放在动词后面修静态图表：单一数据对比类——数据要依次从大到小说动态图表：大小对比+趋势对比【结尾写高值的变化趋势】TA不要丢信息对比！流程图表：开头结尾适当总结+中间做比较(审题，看清词性，注意衔接，总结)1词汇：atfirst-then-next-afterthat-thefinalstageTheprocessstartsfrom…/duringtheinitialphase,ThenextphaseintheprocessisThefinalphaseoftheprocedureisabout…固：layaccumulatepresssqueezeformadjustrevolveFaderecyclefoldabsorbcollectmeetconveycombineSeparatedryinthesuncompound混合物container液：cooldown冷却/flow/pourinto倒入/meltinto融化/circulateFiltration过滤extract提取气：expand/burn/compress压缩/release/heatup/befueledby/ignite点燃2句式一般现在+被动语态（不能有祈使句和第一人称）inthenextperiod,…greatchancetakeplacein..Inthenext….developintoanewstageInthenext…thedevelopmentof…enteredanewstageThefollowing…witnessed/sawanewdevelopmentof…AandBarecrushedintopowderbyacrusher范例作文Thediagramshowsthatthereare…/Insummary,thetwodiagramsshowthemanufacturingprocessof..地图类：1选址题/变迁题（hut/village）词汇：AisAislocated/nextto/closeto/rightacrossfromB/facesnorthExtendedfromtoAissitedin/on/atAistransformedintoBremove/disappear/experiences/witnessedThesize/length/width/height/depth/weightofAis分段（根据几个选址/不同时间顺序）-比较优缺点和不同时间段的变化时态+结尾（would/过去将来）哪一个更好/如何发展变化的Thismapmainlyshowsthedevelopmentof..Fromthemapwecanclearlyfindthat大作文写法总结第一种观点类：1agreeordisagree(twokinds)100%!高分写法！70%让步段3句破题写法（开头写法）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat（解释现象为什么发生？背景+原因）However,题干建议canhardlyimprovesuch/thissituation，Although题干建议havevalue，IdonotagreewiththeIdeaofdongSeth.中心段1Tvcaninterferewithchildren’sstudiesandotheractivities,whichcanbenefitthesechildren’sintellectualdevelopment./theymaynotbeabletoachievegoodgradesinexamsbecausescreentimedisplacesthetimetheycouldspenddoinghomework./itisalsoworryingtoseethatTvcancrowdoutthoseactivities,whichcanimprovechildren’sintellectualskills,suchasreading,playingchessandboardgames.Anotherproblemisthatlongscreentimecanlimitchildren’ssocialdevelopment.thosechildrenwhositinfrontofTVformanyhours,insteadofplayinggameswiththeirpeersandcommunicatingwithteachers,willbecomeunsocialandunwillingtoexpresstheirviews.without…theywill…Ontheotherhand,Iunderstandthat….Tosummarize,IwouldurgethatPandT…althoughTVshowsareasourceofknowledge.watchingTVcanhaveanadverseimpactonexamgradesandsocialkills.总结中心段落破题写法（开头结尾）Theadventofinternethaschangedthewaypeoplelivetheirlivesandcompletework.(背景)Agrowingnumberofpeoplearenowconsideringdistanceeducation,whichallowsthemtocompleteadegreeathome.（题干观点陈述）althoughdistancelearningdiffersfromtraditionalcollegeeducationinsomeaspects,learnerswillpossiblyfindthattheycangainasmuchknowledgefromanonlinecourseastheydoatuniversity.（自己观点）Inconclusion,interactivetechnologyhasenabledlearnerstocommunicatewithlectureseasilyandgainqualifications(总结中心段落观点),soIbelievethatthedistanceeducationisnowasgoodastraditionalwaysofcompletingadegreeAtuniversity.2Positive/negative(individual/social)50%破题写法（开头写法）Astheworldisincreasinglyglobalized,thechangesofcommoditiesacrosstheborderisproceedingatanastoundingrate.(背景)Frommypointofview,thisdevelopmentcanhelpimprovelivingStandardsofcustomers.（观点）Theproductfromforeigncountriesarecompetitivelypricedandoffergoodvalueformoney.themainreasonisthatcountriesthatexportthesegoodsnormallyhavetechnologyandknow-howtoreducethecostofproductiontoensurethattheseproductsarehighlyaffordable.Forexample,chinaspecialistsinproductionoftextileproductssochina-madeclothes,bedlinenandfootweararecheaperthanlocalcounterpartsinmanypartsoftheworld.Anotherbenefitisthatimportedgoodshavechallengeddomesticmanufacturesdominanceandintensifiedcompetition,therebypushingtheseproducerstoputcutprices.Itisbeneficialtodomesticcustomersbecausetheycanspendlessonsomeproductsessentialtotheirsuchasfood,andthecostoflivingwilldecline.eg:LivingalonePositive:independent/howtomanagebill/freedom(time/space)rent/constructionindustry/ariseinthedemandforhousingNegative:lionesshelpless/senseofisolation/unsafe(theold/singlewe/disa)Depression-anxiety/lackofseneofsafety/financialBordenPushupthepriceCC:however/ontheotherhand/as/since/foreg:ontheotherhand/comparedwiththepositivefeelingofincreasedindependence,peoplewholivealoneexperiencesomenegativefeelings,suchaslonelinessworry,andsenseofisolation.asaresult/evenissuchtrendcontinues/situationgetsworse,theywouldsufferfromsomediseases.likeanxietyordepression.Sincethoselivingbythemselves,areLackofonimmediatelyemotionsupportanddailyconversationfromfamiliesandroommates.Asforthesinglewomen,Obviously,Peoplewithdiseasesnoonecansentthemtohospital…Explain:causes-havenodailycommunication/immediatelyaccompanyExample-kindsofpeople[if…they..when…]/disturbanceinterferenceEffect-exactbills第二类论述类：economic1discussbothviewandgiveyouropinion双边讨论viewA+ViewB+Myopinion：已知观点+再来一个补充例/两个加合/新观点破题写法（全文构架）childrenareexpectedtoobeydifferentruleseitherathomeoratschool.(背景)strictdisciplineissometimesimportant,butIwouldarguethatitwouldhaveanadverseimpactonchildren’sproblem-solvingabilities.(转折)somepeoplearestrongadvocatesofimposingrules,becauserulescanholdchildrenaccountablefortheirbehaviorandhelpthemdevelopgoodbehaviorpatternsfromayoungage./unlikeAdults,childrenarenormallynotawareofbadbehavior,andsittingrulescanhelpthemrealizehowtobehaveinasociallyacceptableway./forexample,theycanlearnhowtogreetothers,makepoliterequestsandshowtablemanners,iftheyarerequiredbyadultstodoso./inaddition,rulescanalsoforbidinappropriatebehavior,suchasbullying,usingprofanity,cheatinginexamsandinterruptingteachers.Opponents,however,arguethatrulescanlimitthedevelopmentofproblem-solvingskills,ifthoseparentswhoestablishstrictrulesgiveprioritytochildren’sobedience,childrenwillrelyheavilyonrules./forinstance,somerulesmaydictatewhatchildrenshoulddoeveryday,butwhenchildrenwentoworkforce,theywillnotknowhowtomanagetimewithoutinstructionoftheirparentsandteachers.Theyareunlikelytoachievesuccess.Inmyview,strictrulescanstiflechildren’screativityandtheyarenot…破题写法(全文构架)Thegovernmentsometimesfacesoppositionwhenspendingitsbudgetonpublicart,especiallyineconomicallytoughtimes.(背景)Ireckonthatweshouldgiveprioritytoessentialservicesandinfrastructuresandthenfundtheartswhenthereisabudgetsurplus.（作者观点）Thesupportersofthepublicfundsfortheartsarguethatcitiescanbecomemorevisuallyattractivebecauseofart.itistruethat…Despitethis,manypeoplewouldarguethatpublicfacilitiesdeservemoreofpublicmoney.Inmyview,improvementsinpublicfacilitiescanpromoteeconomydevelopment,buttheartsmaybelessimportantineconomicterms.Tosumup,Ibelievethatthegovernmentshouldfocusonservicesandfacilitiesvitaltowellbeingofthegeneralpublic,eventhoughartisticprojectscanmakeourcitiesspectacular破题写法(结尾可有可无)forthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldsuggestthat…,despitethefactthatstrictdisciplinecanreducepoorbehavior.第三类说明文1causeandsolution(trafficcongestion)Cause/resultfrom/stemfrom/rootin/onaccountof/dueto+短语individual:privatecars/disobeyrulesGovernment:unreasonableplanoftraffic/narrowroad/undevelopedpublictSolutionindividualimprove-takepublictransportation/trafficfacilitiesTakeaction/sparenoefforttodo/takemeasuresinvolvessuppose.1electronicdevice/boring/toomuchhomework2lesshomework/activity/rules 第一部分作文首段改写总：background+introductiontopic+viewpointitissuggestedthat..shoulddo..Somebelieve/considerthat…whileothers…ThereisandiscussionaboutwhetherOrnotItiscommon/popularthat..[现象类]ThereisnodoubtthatItiswidelyacknowledged/admiredthatThereisafactthatHowever,题干建议canhardlyimprovesuch/thissituation.同意转化！！！！！！！！theformer/thelatter例题：1背景when/because引导+转折看法butitwouldhaveaimpactonabilityofeg：BecauseofscienceandtechnologyandxxincreasingX,现象Althoughseniorcitizenscancontributeextraordinarilytothesociety,Iwould..eg：doinghasbeenrecognizedasaneffectivemethodoflearning,because..Althoughhavehighlyeducationalvalued,Idisagreethat…2前后对比+树立文章写作思路和目的eg：peoplearelikelyto…insteadof…Itisimportanttoknowwhyandhowtoreversethistrend?Eventhough….distantlearninghassomeadvantagesinsomeaspects.第二部分分论点叙述分：topicsentence+supporting+furtherexplanation1中心句：topicmake/enable/allowtodo(一定要出现关键词+连接词)topiccanhaveimportantimplicationstoacountry’seconomyLevyingtaxcanalsoregulatepeople’sbehavior.Ontheotherhand,iftaxpayersaresubjecttohightaxes,theymaynothavetheincentivetoworkhardandentrepreneursarealsonotwillingtosetupabusiness.2下定义3讲原因because4做对比：1)Incontract/bycomparison/despitethis,/Opponents,however,arguethat2)某件事情产生了什么情形，如果不发生则……otherwise,theymaymigrateto3)虚拟语气（假如发生了一件不可能的事，则）ifwas/weredone,itmightbe…5举例子forexample/forinstance/insomeAsiancountries/if虚拟语气1)theyarelikelyto….,if…..ishigher.6说影响thisis总inconclusion,+重申观点不要重复+总结所有分论点【不要展望+出新】Itwouldbeabetterinvestmentforsb…Ps：注意观点类题目的限定词（individual/society/family）折中段用词一定不能强硬，insomecases/might/belikelyto多想原因/结果/举例话题一人口老龄化People’slifeexpectancyhasincreasedinmanycountriespossibly,becauseofimprovementsintechnologyandtheincreasesinpersonalwealth.Althoughseniorcitizenscancontributeextraordinarilytosociety,Iwouldagreethatthisdemographicchangecanbringaboutsomeproblems.OneProblemassociatedwithanagingpopulationisthathealthcarecostswillclimb,imposingaburdenontaxpayers.Ontheotherhand,manypeoplewouldpostponeretirementandextendtheirworkinglife,itistruethattheirexperiencesandwisdomarevaluableassettothewholesociety.2advantagesanddisadvantages双边讨论Advantages:maximizethechanceofemploymenteducationalresourcesMakefriendsfromdifferentnationalitiestobroadenourhorizonelitesBeindependentlearnlifeskillsdecentjob远离父母宠爱和即刻的支持Disadvantage:individualism/collectivismmeetthelanguagebarrier,iftheycan’tspeakthelanguagewell,theywillhaveahardtimegettingmessagesacross.whatismore,theyarelikelytocreatcultureshockandevenconflicts.becausetheyhavedifferentcultural,whattheytalkaboutandwhattheeatarealsodifferent.weneedtolearnabouttheireatinghabits,work-style,teachingmethods,wayofthinkingandsoon。改变思维方式Therearenumerousbeneficialeffectsonstudyingabroad.Tobeginwith,wecanmakefriendsfromdifferentnationalitiestobroadenourhorizon.Bycommunicatingwiththem,wecanlearnalotaboutthedifferentcultures.forexample,wecanlearnabouttheireatinghabits,work-style,wayofthinkingandsoon.alsowecanhaveadecentdegreesothatwecanmaximizethechanceofemployment.Whatismore,ifwegofarfromourcountrywewillbemoreindependenttolearnmorelifeskills.andwehavetomanageourtimetodowhatweshoulddowithoutimmediatelysupportfromourparents,whichwouldmakeusmoremature.Studyingabroadmayexertpositiveeffectsonstudentsforthreereasons.不能使用第一人称；alot是口语化表达；Also，第二点要进行解释。FarfromyourhomeforstudyCompetitive:makeprogress/aggressiverealizetheirshortcomingslearnfromothersPs:下定义—comparisonrecognition/attention/praisefromparents/teachersBeexposedto/beinterpretedas/diligent,giveup/in,comeupwith说效果—workhardtodistinguishfromothers/培养了独立解决问题的能力举例子—study/life/sportmeetings挑战身体极限/锻炼身体senseofhonorCompetitionmakeschildrencontributethemselvestoagrowthofbrightfuture.Asweallknow,competitioncanbeinterpretedasanenvironmentwherechildrenareeagerforgainingattentionandpraises.Thereforetheywouldworkhardtodistinguishfromothersanddeveloptheabilityofsolvingproblems.Forexample,whentheytakepartinsportsmeetings,theywouldnotonlyexercisetheirbodybutalsotrytheirbesttogetasenseofhonor.Also,theywouldnevergiveinandcomeupwithsolutionstolifeproblemswhenevertheymeetdifficulties.Cooperation:communication/coordinative/teamwork(makefriends)increaseefficiency/geteasyaccessto/sensesofachievementExchange/shareideas/worktogether/mildatmosphere/confidentSelf-centered/isolated/indifferent过度依赖/偷懒egJustified:devotetheiryouthto/hardworking/Unfair:surgeonendangeredresponsibly 话题一：孩子遵守规则Bothviewandyouopinion中心句themainfunctionofdisciplineistohelpchildrendevelopgood.behaviorpatternsfromayoungage.Sometimes,rulesmaynothavegreatinfluenceonchildren,ifthoseparentswhoestablishthestrictrulesgiveprioritytochildren’sobedience对比unlikeadults,childrenarenormallynotawareofIfthereisnorulestoforbidthemdoing政府类话题1投入：feesinfrastructurepolicyeducationalresourceshealthcare-welfare利（wholenation）（vulnerablegroup-thepoor/old/women/children）Raisethequalityofthewholenation/maintainsocialstabilityReducecrimelevel/increasepeople’shappinessindex弊(government)hardlyvaluethisopportunity/freebevaluedwasteCan’tmeetexpectation/leadtolittlecontributiontootherfieldsimmediate2内阁Lackof.Experiences/freshfromuniversity可以对政府工作下定义Makecrucialdecisions/policiessuchas…Copewithemergencyhardlyconsiderate协调能力，冲动，不耐心Energypassiondevotenewthinkingentrepreneurinjectvigorandvitalityintothegovernment常用万能副词：Educational教育意义的constructive有建设性的inspiring鼓励人的diverse多样的closeto贴近relatesto产生共鸣——orientedhealth-orientedstudy-oriented常用万能动词：When.Sbhaveproblemsindong,theycan…WhileSethhasclearadvantages,itmaynotoffer….常用万能连词：常用万能句子：人物类话题：1男女平等（agreeordisagree？）女性歧视：教育方面，某些国家机会很少，专业很受限制工作方面，难找工作，比例低（军事/政治，管理），收入低，难升职家庭方面，做家务，带孩子，遭受暴力，生产产假，感情化社会措施：随着科技发展，体力活减少，教育/工作机会增多社会强调平等性，男女共同承担家庭责任2老龄化问题（whatwhyhow说明文）影响：科技，接受速度慢，影响社会革新，但是，更多时间机会灌输知识给青年经济，医疗依赖性强国家费钱存钱不消费但是，增加社会劳动力且成本低社会，青年老年矛盾激化解决方法：参加义工，为社会做贡献继续工作，保持生活水平顾问工作，不干扰年轻人发展，提供丰富经验，让决定更睿智照顾子女，享受家庭生活。3名人影响：聊天话题促进感情增加生活情趣激励年轻人，公益，坚持等好的品质代言产品，促进经济奢华方式做误导，虚假消费，不好行为（如吸毒，赌博）过高的收入，误导价值观没有隐私，曝光花边新闻，而不关注社会其他正能量的东西地点类话题：1环境类能源：sustainablematerials/cleanenergy/alternativeenergysources/traditionalfossilfuelsYes,itispartlyright,butI’dliketosaytechnologyhasalsobeenasolutiontomanyenvironmentalproblems.For.Example,manynewbuildingstodayuseenvironmentalfriendlyandsustainablematerialsandarchitectsalsotrytomakethemostofnaturallight,usesolarpanelstogenerateelectricityforhomeowners.(1)NuclearPower:PositivesThereareseveralbenefitstobuildmorenuclearpowerstations/FossilfuellikeoilandgasarerunningoutNuclearpowerisasustainableenergysource/ItcanbeusedtoproduceelectricitywithoutwastingnaturalresourcesItcouldbereplacetheuseofnaturalresourceslikecoal,oilorgasNuclearpowerstationsarecleanerthanfossilfuelpowerstationsTheycouldhelptoreducecarbonemissionsthatcauseglobalwarming(1)Power:negativesOpponentsofnuclearpowerworryaboutthesafetyofpowerstationsThebuildingofnewnuclearpowerstationsisunpopular/NobodywantstolivenearoneNuclearwastedisposalisasignificantproblem/ThereiscurrentlynowaytodecontaminateradioactivematerialPeopleworrythatterroristscouldstealradioactivematerialsItissafertoproduceenergyfromsolar,windorwaterpower.(2)GlobalwarmingGasessuchascarbondioxidetrapheatfromthesun/ThiscausesglobaltemperaturestoriseThisprocessisknownasthegreenhouseeffect/HumanactivityisamajorfactorintheriseofthegreenhousegasesFactoriesandvehiclesproduceemissionsandexhaustfumesManydevelopingcountriesarebecomingindustrializedThenumberofcarsonourstreetsisgrowing/Cheapairtravelisallowingmorepeopletofly(2)EffectsofGlobalWarmingGlobalwarmingwillhaveasignificantimpactonourplanetRisingtemperaturewillcausemeltingofthepolaricecaps/SealevelswillriseWecanexpectmoreextremeweatherconditions/FloodinganddroughtsmaybecomemorecommonImpactsofhumansontheenvironment/TheincreasingworldpopulationisputtingpressureonnaturalresourcesWearedestroyingwildlifehabitats/WehavecutdownenormousareasofrainforestThishasledtotheextinctionofmanyspeciesofanimalsandplants(3)SolutionstoenvironmentproblemsGovernmentscouldintroducelawstolimitemissionsfromfactoriesandinvestinrenewableenergyfromsolarwaterpowerTheycouldimpose“greentaxes”ondriversandairlinescompanies/GovernmentcampaignsshouldpromoterecyclingNaturalareasandwildanimalsshouldbeprotected/IndividualsshouldalsotrytobegreenerWeshouldtakefewerflightsabroadforholidays/WeshouldtakepublictransportratherthandrivingWeshouldchooseproductswithlesspackaging/Weshouldrecycleasmuchaspossible水:freshwater/tapwater/undergroundwater/chemicalfertilizer. (1)ImportanceofcleanwaterWaterisasnecessarynaturalresource/Humansneedaccesstoclean,safedrinkingwaterinordertolivePoorwaterqualityisamajorcauseofdiseaseanddeath./WaterusuallyneedstobetreatedbeforewecandrinkitDevelopingcountriesoftenlackthemeanstotreatandsupplywatertocitizensandtendtohavemuchbettersanitationCitizenshaveaccesstocleantapwater/DrinkingwaterisnotcontaminatedbysewageorwastewaterThesupplyofcleanwaterwouldimprovepublichealthinmanydevelopingcountries(2)WatersupplyUrbanlifewouldbeimpossiblewithoutwatersupplysystems/ThesesystemsaremassiveengineeringprojectsManyprofessionalsareinvolvedintheirplanning,constructionandmaintenanceThesupplyanddistributionofwateraremajorconcerns/WaterisbecomingscarceinsomecountriesAreasthatsufferdroughtsoftenneedtoimportwaterAspopulationsgrow,thereismorepressureonwatersuppliesThiscouldleadtoawatercrisisWaterandpoliticsThesupplyofwaterisalsoanimportantpoliticalissueHugeamountofwaterareneededforagricultureandindustryTheirrigationofcropsaccountsforalargeproportionsofwateruseAwatercrisiscouldleadtopoliticalconflictsorevenwarsArgument:watershouldbefreeSomepeoplebelievethatwatershouldbefreeforeveryoneGovernmentsshouldsupplywatertoallhomesatnocostPrivatecompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtoprofitfromthisnaturalresourceMoneyfromtaxescanbeusedtopayforwatersupplysystemsArgument:watershouldnotbefreeIfwaterisfree,peopletakeitforgrantedTheydonotthinkabouthowmuchwatertheywasteTheyleavetapsrunningwhilewashingorbrushingtheirteethIfwehavetopayforwater,wewilluseitmoreresponsiblyWatersupplysystemsareextremelyexpensiveInvestmentisneededtomaintainandimprovethemPrivatecompaniesmayprovideabetterservicethangovernmentsIftheyprovideanefficientservice,theywillmakemoremoneyTheywillrepairleakstoavoidlosingmoneyBottledWater:OpinionsSomepeoplecarrybottlesofwaterwherevertheygoForexample,theytakebottlesofwatertoworkortothegymTheybelievethatbottledwaterishealthierthantapwaterTheyalsoarguethatittastesbetterHowever,otherpeoplebelievethatweshouldconsumelessbottledwaterPlasticwaterbottlesaddtolitterandwasteproblemsCompaniesshouldnotbeabletomakeaprofitfromwaterItisunethicaltomakemoneybysellingpackagedwaterThereisnodifferenceinqualitybetweenbottledandtapwaterWaste/rubbishTheamountofwasterweproducehasincreasedThisproblemisaresultofourconsumercultureProductsarenotmadetolastIfsomethingbreaks,wethrowitwayandbuyanewoneAdvertisersencourageistobuythenewestfashionsPackagingisanimportantpartofsellingMostfoodsaresoldinnon-biodegradableplasticspackagingTheamountofhouseholdwasteisgrowingThiswasteendsupinlandfillsites垃圾LitterPeopledonotthinkabouttheconsequencesofdroppingrubbishTheyassumethatsomebodyispadtocleanthestreestPlasticpackagingdoesnotbreakdowneasilyMostofthelitterseenonstreetsisfastfoodpackagingRecyclingandothersolutionsCompaniesshouldmakegoodsthatlastlongerTheyshouldnotusesomuchpackagingGovernmentsshouldbestricter,aboutwasterproducedbycompaniesTheyshouldputlegallimitsonpackagingConsumersshouldavoidbuyingover-packagedproductsWeshouldrecycleandreuseusefulmaterials.Therearecollectionbanksforglass,paperandplasticbottlesHouseholdscanuseseveralrubbishbinstoseparatewasteRecyclingsavesenergyandrawmaterials.动物保护ArgumentsforAnimaltestingAnimalsareusedinimportantscientificresearchItisnecessarytodomedicaltestsonnewdrugsAnimaltestinghelpstoadvancemedicalandscientificknowledgeManyimportantmedicaldiscoveriesinvolvedexperimentationonanimalsResearchersaimtominimizethesufferingthatanimalsexperienceTestingforthecosmeticsindustryisnowbannedinmanycountrieArgumentsagainstAnimalTestingThebenefitsofresearchusinganimalsdonotjustifythesufferingcausedTherearealternativemethodsofresearchThelivesofanimalsshouldberespectedHumanshavenomoralrighttodoexperimentsonanimalsArgumentsforVegetarianismVegetariansdonoteatfoodsthatareproducedbykillinganimalsManypeoplechooseavegetariandietformoralorhealthreasonsAhealthydietispossiblewithouteatingmeatItisunnecessarytokillanimalforfoodAvegetariandietmayreducetheriskofdiseaselikecancerManypeoplequestionthetreatmentofanimalsinfactoryfarmsArgumentsagainstVegetarianismVegetariansdonoteatabalanceddietInmanycultures,meatisthemainingredientintraditionalmealsMeat-eatersarguethatanimalsarebelowhumansinthefoodchainItiscompletelynaturalforustokillthemforfoodOuraimshouldbeimprovefarmingmethodsFarmsshouldproduceorganicfoodPositivesofZoosZoospalyanimportantroleinwildlifeconservationTheycanhelptoprotectendangeredspeciesZoosallowscientiststostudyanimalsandtheirbehaviorZoosareeducational,interestingandfunChildren,inparticular,enjoylearningaboutanimalsZoosprovidejobopportunities.NegativesofZoosZooanimalsarekeptinartificialenvironmentsTheyarekeptincagesorhavelimitedspaceZooanimalsrelyonhumansTheylosethefreedomtohuntforfoodTheybestwaytosaveendangeredspeciesisbyprotectingnaturalhabitats.SomepeoplebelievethatzoosareunethicalZoosexhibitsanimalswiththeaimofmakingmoneyWehavenorighttouseanimalsforentertainmentandprofit.2城市化缺点：交通，reducetrafficcongestion/rush-hourtraffic/copewithtrafficjams/broadenroads/curbprivatecaruse绿化，cutdowntress/供应，housingshortage/urbanplanning/redeveloprun-downurbanareasmakeroomfor/increasinglycrowded优点：交通，withinwalkingdistance/encouragescitizenstocycletoworkorwalk/绿化