河南省洛阳市普高联考2022-2023学年高三上学期英语测试卷三（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页普高联考2022-2023学年高三测评(三)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthejourney?A.It’srelaxing.B.It’swonderful.C.It’sdisappointing.2.Whichprogramwillbeshownafterthefootballmatch?A.Thenews.B.Thecartoon.C.Afoodprogram.3.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?AOnaship.B.Onatrain.C.Onaplane.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Guideandvisitor.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsaleswoman.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shecan’tfindhernotes.B.Itisnousereadingthenotes.C.MrSmithdidn’tcometoday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whatdidthemangivetothewoman?A.Hisnewaddress.B.Hisnewphonenumber.C.Hiskeytotheapartment.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman’soldapartment?A.Therentwastoohigh.B.Itwasnearhisoffice.C.Theneighborsweren’tfriendly.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.9.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.Waitforhiswatch.B.Talktothemanager.C.Gotoanotherstore.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatdidthespeakerstalkaboutlastweek?A.Westernmusic.B.Dailywork.C.Namecards.11.Whydoesthemanofferthewomanhiscard?A.Togethercontactdetails.B.Tostopdiscussingwithher.C.Tomeetupwithher.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helostthewoman’scard.B.Heforgotthewoman’sname.C.Hedidn’trecognisethewoman.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSaturday?A.Gohiking.B.GototheEnglishclub.C.Gotoabookstore.14.WhenwillBeth’splaybeon?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.15.Wherewillthecharityshowbeheld?A.Inthehospital.B.Inthecountrypark.C.Ontheschoolplayground.16.WhatdoesthewomansuggestdoingonFriday?A.Goingtothehospital.B.Doingsomecharitywork.C.Watchingafootballgame.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.18.Howlongwilltheyspendonwalking?A.Morethan6hours.B.Only6hours.C.Lessthan6hours.19.Whatshouldbeavoidedtakingtomorrow?A.Amap.B.Acamera.C.Awhistle.20.Whatshouldtheydonow?A.Gotodinner.B.Gotosleep.C.Gotoschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AOnJuly27,2022,aheadofthePLA’s95thbirthday,ChinesepresidentXipresentedtheAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.Let’smeetthreeofthem.QianQihuQianQihu,85,ascientistattheChineseAcademyofEngineering,hasmademajorcontributionstobuildingaseriesofdefensefacilitieslocateddeepinsidemountains.Qiandescribedhisworkasthe“UndergroundSteelGreatWall”thatcanguaranteethesecurityofChina.EventhoughQianhasretired,hehasn’tstoppedworking.HeactivelyadvisesontheconstructionoftheSichuan-TibetRailway.“ThoughI’maover80,IfeelthatIstillhavealotofthingstodo,”hesaid.NieHaishengIn2021,NieHaishengworkedascommanderoftheShenzhouXIImission,becomingthefirstmembertoliveandworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationforthreemonths.Hewonthetitleof“heroastronaut”afterShenzhouVImission.With1,480hoursofflighttime,hebecameafirst-gradepilotandjoinedthecountry’sfirstteamofastronautsin1998.Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.DuFuguoOnOct11,2018,deminingsoldierDuFuguoandhisteammatesweredoingamineclearanceinYunnan.Suddenly,agrenade(手榴弹)exploded.Dumanagedtoprotecthisteammates,buthelosthishandsandeyesforever.Duwasanexcellentdeminingsoldier,whovolunteeredtojointheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionin2015.Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNieaccordingtothepassage?A.Hardworkingandstrong-willed. B.Professionalandcreative.C.Loyalandmodest. D.Considerateandoutgoing.2.WhatcanweknowaboutDuFuguo?A.Duisasoldierwhoremovedgrenadesonly.B.DulosthishandsandeyesforeverinVietnam.C.DujoinedtheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionfouryearsago.D.Dumasteredmanywaystoremovebombsinashorttime.3.Whatdothethreemenhaveincommon?A.TheyareallsoldiersofthePLAAirForce.B.Theyallsuccessfullysavedtheirpartners.C.Theyallmakeoutstandingcontributionsintheirarea.D.Theyareallstudyingfortheirdoctor’sdegree.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“八一勋章”的三位获得者。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NieHaisheng部分中“Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.(他花了无数小时刻苦训练，准备飞向太空。)”可知，他是工作勤劳的；同时根据该部分中“Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.(他于2021年获得博士学位。“活到老，学到老，”57岁的他说。)”可知，不论年龄多大，他坚持学习，可以体现出他是意志坚定的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DuFuguo部分中“Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.(他才华横溢，在三个月内就掌握了10多种不同的拆除炸弹的方法。)”可知，他才华横溢，在很短的时间内就掌握了10多种拆除炸弹的方法。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“theAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.(八·一勋章授予三名做出突出贡献的军人。)”可知，文中这三位“八一勋章”获得者的共同点是，他们都是在各自领域做出突出贡献的军人。故选C。BChinacameinsecondplaceoverallafterlosingtotheUSA83-61intheFIBAWomen’sBasketballWorldCupfinalonSaturdayinSydney,Australia.Itwaslikehistoryrepeateditselfbecause28yearsago,in1994,ChinafinishedtheWorldChampionshipwithsilvermedalsinAustraliaaswell.Onthewaytothetopstage,theydefeatedtraditionalwomen’sbasketballpowerhousesincludingFranceandAustralia.Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversoutofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.ItwasverydifficultfortheChineseguardtopasstheballoutagainstsuchdefense,nottomentiontofeedHanforanopenshot.Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.Meanwhile,ChineseplayerWuTongtongscored13pointsbeforebeinghelpedoffthecourtwithaleginjury.“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture,”LitoldXinhua.Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers,headcoachZhengWeiandeveryotherinvolvedwithChinesebasketballdevelopmenttolearnsotheycandobetterinthefuture.4.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Tointroducethechallengestheyfaced.B.Tointroducehowtoovercomedifficulties.CTotellreadershowtoplaybasketball.D.Tostatehowtodevelopthestrategyforthebasketballcompetition.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutLiYueru?A.Shescored21pointsinthefinal.B.Shebecamethefirstdouble-doublein1aWorldCupfinalsince2013.C.Shewasabsentfromthefinalbecauseofthefever.D.Shewasthebiggestfanofshooting3-pointers.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Patienceisthemotherofgoodluck.B.Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.C.Continuousefforts-notstrengthorintelligence-isthekeytounlockingourpotential.D.Successisnotmeasuredbythepositionyoureachinlifebutthedifficultiesyouovercome.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Anewsreport.C.Amagazine. D.Asportsbrochure.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83-61负于美国队，排名第二。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.(事实上，通往成功的道路是相当艰难的。)”以及“Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversoutofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.(一方面，中国的头号射手李孟因为发烧而缺席了决赛。在此前的小组赛中，中国队以77-63不敌美国队，当时李娜得到21分，比场上任何人都多。另一方面，竞争对手的侵略性为美国队创造了13次抢断，迫使中国队出现19次失误。而且，在韩旭和队友之间的传球路线上，总有一名防守队员紧紧跟着韩旭。)”可知，本段讲述的是中国女排在通往成功的道路上所面临的的各种困难。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.(李月汝以19分和12个篮板领衔中国队，这使李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。)”可知，李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.(面对挑战，女孩们没有放弃。他们一起与“强国”竞争。)”以及倒数第二段中“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture.(我们今天尽了最大努力去赢。虽然我们没有成功，但我们觉得我们已经尽了最大的努力，希望在未来取得更好的成绩。)”以及最后一段中“Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers.(周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训。)”可知，周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训，虽然中国女篮负于美国队，排名第二，但是她们取得的成绩不是以名次来衡量的，而是用克服的困难来衡量的。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83-61负于美国队，排名第二。文章介绍的是该新闻事实，故可以推断文章出自于一篇新闻报道。故选B。CWeareallawareoftheeffectgreenhousegasemissionsarehavingonourplanetandtheeffortsneededtotackleclimatechange.Mostofusaredoingourbittominimizeourimpactontheenvironment,butdespiteouroveralleffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?Netzeromeansnotincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ManycountriesaredoingtheirbitbychanginghowtheygenerateandIusepower,therebycuttingcarbondioxideoutput.IntheUK,thegovernmenthasbeensettingoutitsplanstoachievenetzeroby2050.It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.Theideaistoreplacethemwithheatpumps.It’sofferinghomeownersgrantsofupto£5,000togettheminstalled.AnothermovementintheUKisabigpushtowardselectricvehicles.Therewillbefinancialincentives(动机)forcarmanufacturers,andmorechargingpointsaretobeinstalled(安装)instreets.Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.Butnotallemissionscanbereducedtozero,sotheremainingemissionswillhavetobecompensatedfor,oroffset.Onewaytodothisistoplantthousandsoftrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbondioxide.TheUKgovernmenthaspledgedtothecitizenstoplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025.WhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,canreachnetzeroremainstobeseen.Andthere’ssomedoubtabouthowthiscanbeaccuratelymeasuredanyway.Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.8.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Netzeromeansremovingthegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherethoroughly.B.Britishwillceaseusinggasboilers.C.Everyhomeownerwillreceive£5,000forinstallinggasboilers.D.TheUKgovernmenthaspersuadedallBritishtobuyelectricvehicles.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inParagraph4probablymean?A.guaranteed B.planned C.announced D.started10.Accordingtothepassage,whichmeasuremaybeineffectiveforachievingNetZeroTargets?A.Replacegasboilerswithheatpumps.B.Popularizeelectricvehicles.C.Plantthousandsoftrees.D.Sellnewpetrolanddieselcars.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.UK—thePioneerofNetZeroTargetsB.UnavoidableImpactofClimateChangeC.JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargetsD.TheWaystoAchieveNetZeroTargets【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划。但是对于该目标的实现，全球共同努力才是关键。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.(最近，政府宣布了用于家庭供暖的燃气锅炉的销售终止日期)”可知，英国将停止使用燃气锅炉。故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“toplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025(到2025年，每年要种植3万公顷的树木)”可知，英国政府为了降低减排，将会种植成千上万棵树，由此英国政府向民众承诺每年要种植3万公顷的树木。故划线词与guarantee为近义词，意为“保证，承诺”。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.(到2030年，英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车)”可知，为了实现净零目标英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，由此推知，与之相反的措施：销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，可能会让实现净零目标无效。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划，结合最后一段中“Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.(但人们普遍认为，应对气候变化需要全球努力。因此，净零目标只有在其他所有国家都朝着同一个方向前进的情况下才有意义)”可知，真正实现这一计划，需要全球的共同努力。故C选项“JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargets(共同努力是实现净零目标的关键)”是文章最佳标题。故选C。DWhatarethethingsthatscareyou:snakes,spidersorfrighteningcrawlies?Ormaybeyouhaveafearofheightsorvisitingthedentist.Althoughsomeofusjustgetscaredorabitnervousaboutthesethings,forothersitcancausearidiculousreactionthatcan’tbecontrolled-somethingwecallaphobia.Itoccurswhensomeonedevelopsanextremeorunrealisticsenseofdangeraboutasituationorobject.Sometimesit’sgoodtobeawareofthepossibledangersfromthings.Ourbrainwarnsusabouttherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftenassesstherisksandovercomethem.ClinicalpsychologistWarrenMantoldtheBBC,“Ourfearsarehard-wiredintoourbrains-wedon’tneedtolearntobeafraidofanimalslikesnakesorspiders.”Butphobiasarestrongerthanjustfears.Warrensays,“Anareacalledtheamygdalainthebrainisrecognizingathreatandpreparingyourbodyforfightorflight.”Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.Butwheredoesaphobiacomefrom?LaurenRosenberg,afearandphobiaexpert,says,“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.”Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.Buthowcantheybeovercome?Cognitivebehavioraltherapyisoneoption,whereyougraduallygetusedtowhateveryoufear.LaurenRosenburgsaysshelikestoworkwithpeopletocleartheirsubconsciousmemoryandhelpthembreathe.Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.12.WhichistrueaccordingtoWarren’swords?A.Phobiasarestrongerthanfears.B.Fearisahardreactiontosomethingscary.C.Phobiascancauseirrationalanduncontrolledreactions.D.Amygdalaplaysancrucialroleintheprocessofdevelopingaphobia.13.AccordingtoLaurenRosenberg,whoismostlikelytodevelopaphobia?A.Tomwhohastakenintoomuchglucose.B.Jacksonwhosawamovieaboutharmsintheschoollastweek.C.Marylivingwithherrespectablemotherthathasasocial-phobia.D.Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.14.Forapersonwithagoraphobia,whichwillmakehimanxious?A.Visitingadentist.B.Studyingataboardingschool.C.Stayinginaroomwithoutanylight.D.Playingpirateshipwithbestfriends.15.Whatisthebestwaytotreatphobias?A.Avoidingwhatyouareafraidof.B.Disconnectingfromeveryonearound.C.Seekingprofessionals’assistance.D.Communicatingwithpeoplewhohavesimilarproblems.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是恐惧症，同时文章指出，针对恐惧症，不断地试图逃避所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是解决问题的关键。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.(患有恐惧症时，你的呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应。)”可知，患有恐惧症时，你会呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应，即恐惧症会导致非理性和不受控制的反应。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.(恐惧症通常是模仿更高权威的行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西，或者过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你。)”可知，过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你，由此造成恐惧症。D选项“Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.(莉莉，曾经被狗咬过，现在还很喜欢狗。)”可知，莉莉在过去的事件中被狗咬过，受到伤害，故有可能会得恐惧症。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中“Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.(有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，比如广场恐惧症——由于长时间离开家而引起的，社交恐惧症——在社交场合感到焦虑，以及医生恐惧症——害怕医生。)”可知，agoraphobia该种类别的恐惧症是由于长时间离开家而引起的。B选项“Studyingataboardingschool.(在寄宿学校学习。)”可知，在寄宿制学校学习则会长时间离家，容易形成agoraphobia这种类别的恐惧症。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.(但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图逃避你所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是个好主意。)”可知，解决恐惧症最好的方法不是逃避，而是寻求帮助来克服它。C选项“Seekingprofessionals’assistance.(寻求专业的帮助)”与文中的findhelp相呼应。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.___16___Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlateness.___17___Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate.Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’trunaccordingtoplan,youwillcertainlybelatefornextstep.Peoplewholackpromptness(准时)havebeendescribedas“timebender”.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.___18___”Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative-evenifsometimeswrong.WritingfortheBBC,LauraClarkesays,“___19___Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.”Itisalsopossiblethatpeoplearelatetoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.___20___A.Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.B.Itisyourfaulttobelateformeetingwhileothersarewaitingforyou.C.Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.D.Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.E.Usually,asmallamountoflatenessisacceptable.FMaybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.G.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了人们迟到的原因并建议人们轻松面对这类问题。【16题详解】根据空前的“Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.(俗话说，时不我待。时间总是和我们作对，我们就是无法阻止它。)”可知，此处强调的是时间总是与我们作对，设空处应该指出由此产生的结果。F选项“Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.(也许这就是为什么我们中的一些人约会总是迟到的原因。)”符合语境，上下文是因果关系，解释了我们总是与会迟到的原因，即我们无法阻止时间。故选F。【17题详解】根据后文的“Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.(有些人总是看时钟，以确保他们总是准时到达会议。)”以及后文的“Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.(但如果像我一样,你想让每一秒都有,你可能会试图尽可能多地挤出你所拥有的时间。)”可知，本段强调的是人们对于准时的态度是不同的。G选项“People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.(人们对准时的态度各不相同。)”符合语境，引起下文。故选G。【18题详解】根据本段段首“Peoplewholackpromptness(准时)havebeendescribedas“timebender”.(缺乏准时的人被称为“不守时的人”。)”可知，本段是围绕“不守时的人”展开的。结合上文“AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.(作家格蕾丝·帕西在接受BBC采访时表示:“他们是那种不想迟到的人，但他们对提前有一种奇怪的抗拒，他们不给自己足够的时间。)”介绍不守时的人的行为，D选项“Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.(他们认为他们的旅程会一直顺利，火车会一直准点。)”对“不守时的人”进一步介绍，承接前文。故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.(它可能是你的特征。不守时的人通常有共同的性格特征，比如乐观、自控能力差、焦虑或寻求刺激的倾向。)”可知，此处强调“不守时”可能本身就是你自己固有的特征，经常迟到可能不是你的错。故A选项“Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.(经常迟到可能不是你的错。)”引起下文解释原因，符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】根据前文“MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.I(也许我们这些迟到的人应该更努力，听从我听到的建议，不要“试图”准时，而是“决定”准时。)”以及“Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.(我知道如果一个会议或最后期限真的很重要，那么我就会准时到场。)”可知，如果一个会议真的很重要，我们应该要“决定”准时，而不是“试图”准时，即一定要准时到场。但是对于其他情况即使有人指责你，你也可以放轻松，随意对待。故C选项“Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.(否则就放松，即使别人都在指责我。)”符合语境，与前文是转折关系，介绍了两个方面。otherwise是关键词。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EuropeanSpaceAgencyastronautSamanthaCristoforettiisbackonEarthafterspendingfiveandahalfmonthsinorbitontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).TheItalian___21___muchattentioninChinaaftershe___22___someclassicChinesepoemsonsocialmediawithaviewoftheChinesecapitalfromspace.Thatview___23___CristoforettitodiveintotheChineseclassicsastheISSflewoverpartsofChina.Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion:“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,andindeed,thisistruehappiness.”Thetextwas___24___byphotosofChinatakenfromthespacestation.Her___25___spacecraftsplasheddownoffthecoastofFlorida.Afteramedicalcheck,shewasflowntoamilitarybaseinGermany,whereCGTNEuropeaskedwhyshe___26___thatparticularpoemandifshewasawareofthe___27___ithadgained.“Ihaveagoodfriend,anItalianwhohaslivedinChinafor30years—asinologist,very___28___aboutChineseliterature.”shesmiled,“hesuggestedthattome,anditsoundedlikeagood___29___.Sounfortunately,Icannottakecreditforchoosingit—butforchoosingasmartfriend.”ItishopedthatESAastronautswill_____30_____theirChinesecounterpartsforjoint_____31_____atsomepointinthefuture.WithCristoforettihavinglaidsomegroundworkforthat,ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacherwasfullof_____32_____forher—andpositiveaboutthe_____33_____spiritofspaceexploration.“ShespeaksverywellinChinese,andthisposthasshownthatshecandothisverywell,”hetoldCGTN.“Spaceis_____34_____.Thereisnowaytoputa_____35_____inspace—thespacestation,thesatellites,theyflyaroundtheEarth,they_____36_____boundaries,cultures,religionsanddifferentdivides.Ithinkthisissomethingthatweshould_____37_____:Spaceisaboveeverything._____38_____theremaybemany_____39_____betweennationsonEarth,inspace,cooperationis_____40_____.”21.A.signedup B.pickedup C.usedup D.packedup22.A.recited B.expressed C.illustrated D.quoted23.A.inspired B.insulted C.indicated D.interpreted24.A.accepted B.acknowledged C.accompanied D.followed25.A.departure B.return C.recovery D.delivery26.A.wrote B.required C.chose D.published27.A.interest B.attention C.effort D.result28.A.knowledgeable B.shallow C.common D.eager29.A.possession B.adaptation C.passage D.example30.A.feedupwith B.putupwith C.comeupwith D.teamupwith31.A.strengths B.credits C.expectations D.missions32.A.praise B.criticism C.comment D.substance33.A.conflicted B.divided C.united D.separated34.A.vast B.international C.individual D.limitless35.A.boundary B.extreme C.extent D.principle36.A.bridge B.cross C.shorten D.minimize37.A.remember B.remind C.trust D.ignore38.A.Until B.When C.Upon D.While39.A.competitors B.subjects C.issues D.opportunities40.A.related B.weak C.necessary D.typical【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A36.B37.A38.D39.C40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利欧洲航天局女宇航员SamanthaCristoforetti，藉由千年之前的王羲之的名句，骋目抒怀，表达她俯瞰寰宇时飞扬的心绪。同时文章表达了中国航天员也将与外国航天员一道，共同为人类探索宇宙奥秘、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A.signedup报名；B.pickedup引起；C.usedup用光；D.packedup打包。根据后文的“muchattentioninChina”可知，此处表示“引起了广泛的关注”。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A.r