2021年广州普通高中毕业班综合测试一英语试卷

2021年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语试卷2021年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语第I卷口第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。□AIt’snosecretthatyourpersonalcharacteristicsdirectlyaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld-butyoumightbesurprisedatjusthowdeepitgoes.Expertsthinkthatyourpersonalcanevenaffecthowyouexerciseandinfluencewhatsportsaresuitableforyou.HighlySensitiveHighlysensitivepeoplemaybemoreuncomfortablewithgroupexerciseclassesorteamsportswheretheyfeeltheireverymoveisbeingobserved.Additionally,theymayfeelmoreupsetoveranineffectiveorpoorworkout,saysresearcherElaineAron.Forsuchpeople,individualornon-competitiveactivitieslikebiking,runningandhikingareideal.TypeAPersonalityTypeAindividualsoftenhavean“allornothingapproach”toexercise.Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan,nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive.However,thiscancausethemtosticktoocloselytoafitnessroutine,whichmeanstheymighttrytopushpastaninjury.Togetbetterexerciseresults,TypeApeopleneedtobeawarethatfollowinganexerciseplantoostrictlymaylimittheirprogress.Theyshouldbemoreflexibleandlistentotheirbody,especiallywhentheyareinpain.TypeBPersonalityThislaid-backgroupmaygettoolazyabouttheirexerciseplan,whichpreventthemfromseeingresults.Theyareoftenlesswillingtodevoteenoughtimeandenergytotheirfitnessgoals,especiallyifexerciseissomethingthatmakesthemanxious.TypeBindividualssucceedincreativeandco-operativeenvironments,soteamsportsandgroupgymclassesmaybeperfect.Remember,thereareplentyofwaysyoucanadaptafitnessplantosuityourneeds,regardlessofyourcharacteristics.Justkeepinmindwhatyoulike.21.Whymighthighlysensitivepeoplebeunwillingtotakepartingroupsports?A.Theywillfeelliketheyarebeingevaluated.B.Theydon’tlikesocialisingwithotherpeople.C.Theydon’tconsiderthemselvestobeathletic.D.Theyfearthey’llbeletdownbytheirteammates.22.TypeApersonalitiescanbebestdescribedasA.committedB.flexibleC.independentD.sensitive□1Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyare.B.Toexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabits.C.Toidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexercise.D.Todescribedifferenttypesofworkoutsthatareavailabletoday.BAtfirstsight,AlmaDeutscher,atwelve-year-oldgirlfromEnglandappearstobelikeanyothertypicalpre-teen.Shelovestoskiprope,readandplaywithheryoungersister.Butthismodestyoungster,whocomposedherfirstmusicalworkatagesix,firstshortoperaatagesever,andfirstfulllengthoperabasedonCinderellaatageten,isanythingbutaverage.Thoughherparentsdownplayherextraordinarytalent,youngAlmaisbeingdescribedas“littleMozart”bythemusicworld.Alma’soperatictakeontheclassicfairytale,whichshebeganwritingatageeight,hasaslighttwist.HerCinderellaisamusicianwhomeetsherPrinceCharmingthroughasong.“InmyCinderella,shesingsthebeginningofaballad--butatmidnightsheflees.Eventually,theprincefindsherafteraskingallthemaidensofthelandtosingtheendoftheballad.”TheoperawasfirstperformedinVienna,AustraliaonDecember29,2021,wherethetheneleven-year-oldskillfullyswitchedbetweenthepianoandtheviolinandreceivesenthusiasticreviews.Theyounggeniushassinceperformedtwonewpianoworks,onceinAustraliaandtheotherinChina.Whilethismayappeartobealotforsomeonesoyoung,Almaisnotworried.Shesays,“OfcourseIhavetoworkhard.Butallchildrenhavetoworkhardforexams,andatleastwhenIworkhard,Iworkhardforsomethingincrediblyexciting,likeseeingmywholeoperaputonstage.Alma’smusicaltalentfirstcametolightbeforeshecouldeventalk.Herparentsrecallthatasan18-month-oldtoddler,shewasabletohumapitchperfectversionofthechildren’srhymeTwinkleTwinkleLittleStar.However,Alma’sabilitiesonlygainedinternationalattentionin2021,afterafamilyfriendpostedavideoonlinecomparinghertoMozart.ThefamilywassuddenlyswampedwithmediarequestedandAlmabecameanovernightstar,dubbed“littleMozart”.Thisnicknamemakesherparentsunhappybecausetheybelieveitputsaddedpressureontheyounggirl.Theywouldinsteadpreferhertobecalled“acomposerandmusician.”Almadoesnotwanttobecomparedtothefamousartisteither,saying,“TherewasonlyoneMozart,andIprefertobelittleAlma.”Regardlessofwhatshecallsherself,thetwelve-year-oldischangingtheworldofmusicforever!WhatdoweknowaboutAlmaDeutscher?A.Shecomesfromafamousmusicalfamily.Shehasshowngreatmusicaltalentfromayoungage.C.SheregularlyperformstheclassicalmusicofMozart.D.Shehasadaptedsomefamousworksofclassicalmusic.25.HowdidAlmagettobewidelyknown?A.Thoughanonlinevideo. B.Byperformingontelevision.2Byputtingonanopera. D.Throughherparents’promotion26.WhatisAlma’sattitudetowardshersuccess?A.Sheisstillunsatisfiedwithheperformance.B.Sheisuncomfortablewithsomuchpressure.C.Sheismodestabouthermusicalachievements.Sheisproudtohavebecomeaprofessionalmusician.27.WhatcanweinferaboutAlma’sparents?A.Theyareverywell-educatedpeople.B.Theyareprotectiveoftheirdaughter.C.TheyhavepushedAlmatotakeupmusic.D.TheyhavemadeagoodlifeplanforAlma.CThebeliefthatnewtechnologiesarecausingthedeathofworkistheideathatnevergoesaway.Despiteevidencetothecontrary,westillviewtechnologicalchangetodayasbeingmorerapidanddramaticinitsconsequencesforworkthaneverbefore.Butthisisnothingnew.Peoplehavealwaysviewedthetechnologicalchangesthattakeplaceduringtheirlivesasthemostdramaticanddangerousthateverhappenedinhistory.Inthe1930s,theBritisheconomist（经济学家）JohnMaynardKeynespredictedthewidespreaduseofelectricitywouldproduceaworldwherepeoplespendmostoftheirtimedoingnothing.IntheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,thegovernmentrepeatedlyinvestigatesfearsthatautomaticmachineswouldpermanentlyreducetheamountofworkavailable.In1988,oneAustralianhistorianclaimedthatatleastaquarteroftheworkforcewouldbewithoutjobswithin10yearsbecauseofcomputers.Ofcourse,noneofthesedisasterscametopassintheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandAustralia,oranywhereelse.Yettoday,weareseeingthereturnofthesepredictions,withsomeexpertsclaimingtheworldofworkisoncemoreundergoingradicalandunprecedentedchange.Theyarguethatrobotsandotherworkplacetechnologiesarecausingareductioninthetotalamountofworkavailable,orarebringingamorerapidpaceofsubstitutionofmachinesforhumansthanhasbeenseenpreviously.Butthereisalittleevidencetosupportsuchbeliefs.Statisticsshowthatthepercentageofpeopleinwork,thenumberofhourstheywork,andhowfrequentlytheychangejobshaveremainedremarkablyconstantoverthepast20years.Thisstabilityshouldnotcomeasasurprise.Therearegoodreasonswhyweshouldnotexpectnewtechnologiestocausethedeathofwork.Newtechnologiesalwayscausejoblosses,butthatisonlypartofthestory.Whatalsoneedstobeunderstoodishowtheyincreasetheamountofworkavailable.Onewaythishappensisthroughtheincreasesinincomesthataccompanytheuseofnewtechnologies.Withtheintroductionofthesetechnologies,goodandservicescanbeproducedfaster,whichresultsinhigherrealincomesforworkers.Higherincomesthenincreasedemandforotherproductsandconsequentlymoreworkersareneededtomakethem.Additionally,whilenewtechnologiesarelikelytosubstituteforsometypesofworkers,theywillalsoincreasedemandforothertypesofworkers,especiallythosewithhigherlevelskillsandexpertise.□3So,theendofworkisnoclosertodaythanatanytimeinthepast.Butthereisstillaneedtokeepdisprovingtheprediction,toreducepeople’sfear.Whatisthefunctionofthesecondparagraph?Toexplaintheimportanceofdevelopingnewtechnology.B.Toshowhowtechnologyaffectedemploymentinthepast.Toarguethattechnologicaldangersarebecomingmoreserious.Togivehistoricalexamplesofunnecessaryfearaboutnewtechnology.Howcanemploymentstatisticsoverthepast20yearsbestbedescribed?A.ConfusingB.ReliableC.StableD.VariableAccordingtoparagraph7,whydoesdemandforproductsoftenincreaseafternewtechnologyisintroduced?A.Therearemoregoodsforpeopletochoosefrom.B.Thereismoredemandfornewskillintheeconomy.C.Productivityimprovementshelpraiseworkers’salaries.D.Higherqualitygoodsatlowerpricesencourageconsumption.Whatistheauthor’sopinionabouttheintroductionofnewtechnology?A.Itdoesnothaveaneffectonmostpeople’sjob.B.Itsbenefitsareusuallynotworththeintroduction.Itusuallyleadstoasignificantincreaseinemployment.Itsdangertopeople’semploymentpossibilitiesisoverstated.DSupermarketshelvesarefilledwithplant-basedalternativestocowmilk,includingsoy,nut,andcoconutmilk.Theseproductsarepopularwithconsumerswhocannotdrinkcows’milkforhealthreasons,aswellaswiththoseconcernedaboutanimalwelfareandenvironmentalsustainability.Whilethedairy-free（非乳制的）optionsworkwellwithcerealorincoffee,theyfailmiserablywhenitcomestomakingmilk-basedproductslikecheeseoryogurt.However,theseshortcomingsmaysoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoanewcompanyinCalifornia,whichhasfiguredouthowtocreateanimal-freemilkinalaboratory!PerumalGandhiandRyanPandyafoundedthecompanyin2021afterbecomingincreasinglyannoyedwiththelackofcaws’milk-freealternatives,particularlyforcheese.ForGandhi,whostoppedconsuminganimalproductsfiveyearsearlierduetoenvironmentalandanimalwelfareconcerns,themotivationtocreateabetteralternativestemmedfromhisloveofcheesypizza.Pandyawasspurredintotakingactionafterbeingforcedtoeatsome“reallybad”dairy-freecreamcheeseonhissandwich.ThetwoMITbiomedicalengineeringscientistsdecidedtojoinforcestocreateamorerealisticalternativetodairy-basedproducts.Intheiruniversitylab,thepairspentninemonthsfirstisolatingcowDNAtheninsertingitintoyeast（酵母）.Thisgeneticmodificationenabledtheyeasttoproducethenecessarymilkproteins.Thefinalstepoftheprocessinvolvedmixingtheproteinswithsomeplantnutrientsandfats.Thedairy-freemilknotonlytastesliketherealthingbutisalsohealthier,hasalongershelflifeand,mostimportantofall,isEarthfriendly.Accordingtothecompany’swebsite,whencompared4toconventionalmilkproduction,theirprocessuses65%lessenergy,creates84%lessgreenhousesgasemissionsandrequires91%lessandanamazing98%lesswater!Bestofall,sinceitcontainsrealmilkproteins,theproductbehaveslikethecow-producedversion,whichmeansvegetarianconsumerswillnolongerhavetodealwithsoggycheeseontheirsandwichesandpizzas.Thecompanyplanstobringtheircreationtomarketlaterthisyearandtheirfirstproductwillmostlikelybecheesesincetherearealreadynumerousgoodcows’milkalternativeavailabletoconsumers.Theunderlinedword“those”inparagraph1refersto.A.alternativesB.peopleC.products D.reasonsThecompany’sfoundersweremotivatedtomakethenewproductbecauseof.A.theirdeepconcernfortheenvironmentB.theirworrythatfarmanimalswerepoorlytreatedC.theoverconsumptionofthedairy-basedproductsD.thepoortasteofdairy-freecheesepresentlyavailable34.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?Thedairy-freeproductscannotbestoredforalongtime. B.Thenewproductswilltastebetterthandairy-basedones.C.Cowfarmingcausesconsiderableenvironmentaldamage.D.Thedairy-freemilkwillbemoreexpensivethancow’smilk.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthierCheeseNewMilkSavesPlanetC.FresherMilk,BetterFutureD.MakingMilkwithoutCows第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的