2019年英语新必修四讲义Unit3SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-Pre-reading

MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.Hisworksarewidelyreadbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.Hewasbornin1835inFlorida,asouthernstateoftheUSA.HegrewupinMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Beforehewas13,hehadfallenintotheriverforninetimes.Luckily,hewasalwayssaved.Attheageof18,heranawayfromhome.Foratime,heworkedasMarkTwainstartedwritingachildren’sstorycalledTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnin1876.Itsthemeistodowiththefreedomofhumans.However,hedidn’tquestiontheslavery(奴隶制度)inthebookandneverthoughtofgivingfreedomtoslaves.Thisbehaviourhasbeentalkedaboutmanytimesbylaterreviewers.MarkTwainlikedtotellsomeinterestingstoriestomakepeoplelaughallthetime.Onedayhewasgoingtoasmalltown.Oneofhisfriendssaidthattherewerealotofmosquitoes(蚊子)inthetownandtoldhimthathe’dbetternotgothere.MarkTwainwavedhishandandsaid,“Itdoesn’tmatter.Themosquitoesareveryclever.Theyaren’trelationsofmine.Whywilltheycometovisitme？”MarkTwain’sworkshaveinfluencedmanywriters.TheyaregreattreasuresofAmericanliterature.“Therewasnothingbefore.Andtherehasbeennothingasgoodsince，”saidafamouswriter.Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOURAsVictorHugooncesaid①，“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonow②nobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.Hebrightened③thelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsinbetween④.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed⑤，sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwith⑥theirlives.NotthatCharlie’sownlifewaseasy!Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889.Hisparentswerebothpoormusichallperformers⑦.Youmayfinditastonishing⑧thatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.Suchtrainingwascommoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallywhenthefamilyincomewasoftenuncertain.Unfortunately⑨hisfatherdied，eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))leavingthefamilyevenworseoff⑪，soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.Byhisteens⑫，Charliehad,throughhishumour,becomeoneofthemostpopularchildactorsinEngland.Hecouldmimeandactthefooldoingordinary⑬everydaytasks.Noonewaseverbored⑭watchinghim⑮—hissubtle⑯actingmadeeverythingentertaining⑰.[读文清障]①as引导的非限制性定语从句，译为“正如”。②uptonow＝untilnow直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)③brighten/’braItn/vt.使更愉快；使更有希望④inbetween＝inbetweentwoworldwars，为避免重复，承接上文省略了宾语。inbetween为双重介词，是介词的一种特殊用法。⑤depressed/dI’prest/adj.忧愁的；沮丧的⑥feel/becontentwith对……满足content/kən’tent/adj.满足的，满意的n．满足vt.使满足⑦performer/pə’fɔːmə/n.表演者；演出者⑧astonishing/ə’stɒnIʃIŋ/adj.令人感到惊讶的astonish/ə’stɒnIʃ/vt.使惊诧finditastonishingthat...中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句，astonishing为find的宾语补足语。⑨unfortunately/ʌn’fɔːtʃənItlI/adv.不幸的fortunate/’fɔːtʃənIt/adj.幸运的；吉利的⑩现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。⑪worseoff更加贫穷的；更加缺少的⑫teens/tiːnz/n.十几岁(13岁至19岁的年龄)(英语数字13到19都含有­teen)⑬ordinary/’ɔːdənərI/adj.平常的；普通的⑭bored/bɔːd/adj.厌烦的⑮现在分词短语watchinghim作时间状语。⑯subtle/’sʌtl/adj.微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的⑰entertaining/ˌentə’teInIŋ/adj.愉快的；有趣的entertain/ˌentə’teIn/vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待madeeverythingentertaining为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。无声的幽默大师[第1～2段译文]正如维克多·雨果曾经说的：“笑声如阳光，驱走人们脸上的寒冬。”关于这一点，直到现在也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。在两次世界大战以及之间的艰苦岁月里，他给美国人和英国人的生活带来了欢乐。在感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到更加满足。查理自己的生活并不容易！他于1889年出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞了。这样的训练在当时的演员家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是当家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，这使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。在十多岁的时候，查理凭借自己的幽默已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。他不用说话而靠动作来模仿傻瓜做日常的事务。看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。Astimewentby⑱，hebeganmakingfilms.Hegrewmoreandmorepopular⑲ashischarming⑳character,thelittletrampeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))，becameknownthroughouteq\o(○,\s\up1(22))theworld.Thetramp,apoor,homelesseq\o(○,\s\up1(23))manwithamoustacheeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))，worelargetrousers,worn­outeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))shoesandasmallroundblackhat.Hewalkedaroundstifflyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))carryingawalkingstickeq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Thischaracterwasasocialfailureeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))butwaslovedforhisoptimismeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))anddeterminationtoovercomeeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))alldifficulties.Hewastheunderdogeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))whowaskindevenwhenotherswereunkindtohim.Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining?Hereisanexamplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms,TheGoldRusheq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).ItistowardtheendofthenineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinAlaska.Likesomanyothers,thelittletramphasrushedthereinsearchofgold,butwithoutsuccess.Insteadheandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstormeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))withnothingtoeateq\o(○,\s\up1(34)).Theyaresohungrythatthelittletramptriesboilingoneofhisleathereq\o(○,\s\up1(35))shoesfordinner.Charliecutsoffeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))theleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.Hetriescuttingandchewingeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))thebottomoftheshoeeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))asifitwerethefineststeak.Thenhepicksouteq\o(○,\s\up1(39))thelaceeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))oftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.Heeatseachmouthfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(41))withgreatenjoymenteq\o(○,\s\up1(42)).Theactingissoconvincingeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertastedeq\o(○,\s\up1(44)).⑱Astimewentby＝Withtimegoingby随着时间的推移。⑲ashischarmingcharacter...是as引导的时间状语从句，thelittletramp是character的同位语。⑳charming/’tʃɑːmIŋ/adj.迷人的；有魅力的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))tramp/træmp/n.流浪汉；行乞者eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))throughout/θruː’aʊt/prep.遍及；贯穿adv.到处；始终；全部eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))homeless/’həʊmləs/adj.无家的；无家可归的eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))moustache/mə’stɑːʃ/n.小胡子eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))worn­out/wɔːn’aʊt/adj.磨破的；穿旧的(为合成形容词)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))stiffly/’stIflI/adv.僵硬地eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))现在分词短语carryingawalkingstick作伴随状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))failure/’feIljə/n.失败(者)eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))optimism/’ɒptImIzəm/n.乐观；乐观主义eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))overcome/ˌəʊvə’kʌm/vt.&vi.(overcame,overcome)战胜；克服eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))underdog/’ʌndədɒɡ/n.失败者；处于劣势的一方eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))TheGoldRush《淘金记》(卓别林最著名的电影之一)eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))snowstorm/’snəʊstɔːm/n.暴风雪(为合成名词)eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))withnothingtoeat是with复合结构，在句中作状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))leather/’leðə/n.皮革leathershoes皮鞋eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))cutoff切断；断绝eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))chew/tʃuː/vt.&vi.嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))asifitwerethefineststeak与asifitwerespaghetti均是asif引导的状语从句，表示的情况与现在事实不符，用一般过去时，此处asif意为“好像”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))pickout挑出；辨别出eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))lace/leIs/n.饰带；花边；鞋带eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))mouthful/’maʊθfʊl/n.一口；满口amouthfulof一满口……eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))enjoyment/In’dʒɔImənt/n.享受；欢乐；乐趣withenjoyment高兴地；享受地eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))convincing/kən’vInsIŋ/adj.令人信服的convince/kən’vIns/vt.使信服eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))so...that...结构中that引导结果状语从句，第二个that引导宾语从句，hehasevertasted为省略that的定语从句，修饰thebestmeals。[第3～4段译文]随着时间的推移，他开始制作电影。随着他塑造的有魅力的“小流浪汉”的角色闻名于世，他也越来越受欢迎。这个穷苦的、无家可归的流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头戴着一顶黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖迈着僵硬的步伐四处走动。这个角色是社会生活中的失败者，但是他的乐观精神和战胜所有困难的决心使得他深受观众的喜爱。甚至面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依然保持友善的态度。这个小流浪汉是如何把悲惨的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？这里有一个例子，来自他最著名的电影之一——《淘金记》。19世纪末，在阿拉斯加刚发现了金子。像其他许多人一样，这个小流浪汉也赶到那儿去淘金，但是没有成功。相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。他们饿极了，小流浪汉只好试着煮了他的一只皮鞋来充饥。查理切掉皮鞋上面的部分，和同伴分享这只鞋。他试着把鞋底切开嚼着吃，就好像那是最好的牛排。然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。他每一口都嚼得津津有味。卓别林的这场表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他吃过的最美味的一顿。CharlieChaplinwrote,directedeq\o(○,\s\up1(45))andproducedthefilmshestarredineq\o(○,\s\up1(46)).In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscareq\o(○,\s\up1(47))forhisoutstandingeq\o(○,\s\up1(48))workinfilms.HelivedinEnglandandtheUSAbutspenthislastyearsinSwitzerlandeq\o(○,\s\up1(49))，wherehewasburiedin1977eq\o(○,\s\up1(50)).Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidenceeq\o(○,\s\up1(51)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))direct/dI’rekt;daI’rekt/vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))starin在……担任主角；主演eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))Oscar/’ɒskə/n.奥斯卡eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))outstanding/aʊt’stændIŋ/adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))Switzerland/’swItsələnd/n.瑞士(欧洲中部国家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))where引导的非限制性定语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))confidence/’kɒnfIdəns/n.信心；信念[第5段译文]查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。1972年他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。他在英国和美国生活过，却在瑞士度过了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年被安葬在那里。人们热爱并怀念这位伟大的演员，因为他能用强烈的信心鼓舞人们。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．humourA．havingorbringinganadvantage,anopportunity,apieceofgoodluck2．content B．feelingtiredandimpatientbecauseyouhavelostinterestinsb./sth.3．astonishC．theabilitytolaughatthingsthatareamusing4．fortunate D．tosuccessfullycontrolafeelingorproblemthatpreventsyoufromachievingsomething5．ordinaryE．tointerestandamusesb.inordertopleasethem6．boredF．excellent;extremelygood7．entertainG．happyandsatisfiedwithwhatyouhave8．outstandingH．tomakesb.believethatsth.istrue9．convinceI．notunusualordifferentinanyway10．overcomeJ．tosurprisesb.verymuch11．directK．amovementthatyoumakewithyourhands,yourheadoryourfacetoshowaparticularmeaning.12．gestureL．tocontrolorbeinchargeofsb./sth.1～5________6～10________11～12________答案：1～5CGJAI6～10BEFHD11～12LKLead­inThefollowingpicturesshowyousometypicalactorsorwritersofhumour.Doyouknowthemandwhichkindofhumourtheybelongto?1．mimeMr.Bean(1)Charlie_Chaplin2．comedyZhouXingchi(2)Ge_You3．cross_talk(3)Jiang_KunandTangJiezhong4．sketch(4)Chen_PeisiZhaoBenshanWhile­readingFast­reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextcarefullyandthentrytowritedownthemainidea.ThetextisaboutthelifeandworkofCharlieChaplinwhobrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthe_hard_years_in_between.(Ⅱ)Readthetextandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.1．Paragraph1A．WhatCharlie’schildhoodwaslike?2．Paragraph2 B．Whathismostfamouscharacterwaslike?3．Paragraph3C．Whypeopleneededcheeringup?4．Paragraph4 D．Hisachievements.5．Paragraph5E．Anexampleofasadsituationthathemadefunny.1～5________________答案：1～5CABEDCareful­reading(Ⅰ)True(T)orFalse(F)．1．CharlieChaplininfluencedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsinbetween.(T)2．CharlieChaplinwasn’tbadlyoffwhenhewasachild.(F)3．ThecharacterCharlieactedwasasocialfailurebutwasloved.(T)4．TheGoldRushissetinCaliforniainthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.(F)5．Chaplin’smovieswereproduced,directedandwrotebyotherpeople.(F)6．ChaplinwonaspecialOscarforhislifetimeoutstandingworkinfilmsin1972.(T)(Ⅱ)Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”？A．Laughteristhepowertodrivewinterawayandwelcomewarmspring.B．Laughtercankeepone’sfacewarm,especiallyduringfreezingwinter.C．Laughtercanmakepeopleforgettheirproblemsandmakethemfeelhappy.D．Laughtercangivepeoplewarmth,sotheirfacesarenotcold.2．InTheGoldRush,Chaplinandtheotherfelloweatoneofhisleathershoesbecause________.A．theyareinterestedinitB．theshoeisdeliciousC．theywanttomakethepeoplelaughD．theyareveryhungry3．Peopleenjoyseeingotherpeople’sbadluckbecause________.A．theyenjoydoingsoB．itmakespeoplemoreworriedabouttheirlifeC．itmakespeoplemorecontentwiththeirlifeD．there’smuchfunindoingso4．Thelittletrampiswell­knownbecause________.A．ChaplinplayedapoorandhomelesspersonB．thecharacterwasasocialfailureC．thecharacterisfunny­lookingD．thoughasocialfailure,thelittletrampwasoptimisticanddeterminedandalwayskindtoothers5．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoCharlieChaplin?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Serious. D．Appreciative.答案：1～5CDCDDStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AsVictorHugooncesaid,“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.[句式分析]本句中and连接两个并列分句，as意为“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句。[尝试翻译]正如维克多·雨果曾经说的：“笑声如阳光，驱走人们脸上的寒冬”。关于这一点，直到现在也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。2．YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.[句式分析]本句中用了“find＋it＋adj./n.＋that.../todosth.”结构，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句；assoonas引导时间状语从句。[尝试翻译]你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞了。3．Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff,soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.[句式分析][尝试翻译]不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，这使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。4．Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.[句式分析][尝试翻译](卓别林的)这场表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他吃过的最美味的一顿。Ⅰ.阅读理解AHumorisamosteffective,yetfrequentlyneglected,meansofhandlingthedifficultsituationsinourlives.Itcanbeusedforpatchingupdifferences,apologizing,saying“no”，criticizing,andgettingtheotherfellowtodowhatyouwantwithouthislosingface.Forsomejobs,itistheonlytoolthatcansucceed.Itisawaytodiscusssubjectssosensitivethataseriousdialoguemaystartariot.Forexample,manybelievethatcomediansontelevisionaredoingmoretodayforracialandreligioustolerancethatpeopleinanyotherforum.Humorisoftenthebestwaytokeepasmallmisunderstandingfromescalating(升级)intoabigdeal.Recentlyaneighborofminehadaquarrelswithhiswifeasshedrovehimtotheairport.Airborne,hefeltmiserable,andheknewshedid,too.Twohoursaftershereturnedhome,shereceivedalong­distancephonecall.“Person­to­personforMrs.I.A.Pologize.”intonedtheoperator.“That'sspelled‘P’asin...”Inatwinkling(眨眼间),thewholedaychangedfrombadtolovelyatbothendsofthewire.AnEnglishhostesswithaquickwitwasgivingaformaldinnerforeightdistinguishedguestswhomshehopedtoenlist(赞助)inamajorcharitydrive.AusteritywasafashioninEnglandatthetime,andshehadaskedherchildrentoservethemeal.Sheknewthatanythingcouldhappen...anditdid,justasherson,withthestudiedconcentrationofatightropewalker,broughtinalargeroastturkey;hesuccessfullyelbowedtheswingingdining­roomdoor,butthebackbirddroppedontothedining­roomfloor.Theboystoodrooted,theguestsstaringattheirplates.Movingonlyherheadthehostesslookedatherson，“Noharm,Daniel”，shesaid，“justpickhimupandtakehimbacktothekitchen”...sheenunciated(发音)clearlysohewouldthinkaboutwhatshewassaying...“andbringintheotherone.”Awinkandaone­linerinstantlychangedthedinnerfromared­facedembarrassmenttoalaughter.eq\x(语篇解读：幽默能使我们有效地应对尴尬的局面。)1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Humoristhekeytosuccessinourworkandlives.B．Humorenablesustodealwithdifficultsituationseffectively.C．Humoristhebestwaytocriticizesomeonewithoutlosinghisface.D．Humormakesfunofanydifficultsituation.解析：选B主旨大意题。从文章结构上分析，作者在首段中就提出了本文的中心论点，而且其后的三段都对中心论点加以说明。首段的第一句又是本段的中心，下面所列出的一些幽默的作用都是具体的方面。故应选B项。2．Whatcausedtheroastturkeytodropontothefloor?A．Thebackwardmovementofthedoor.B．Theson'srudebehavior.C．Someonehappenedtobeatthedoor.D．Thebirdraisedbythefamily.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知他成功地用肘部推开了门，但是复位的门却将火鸡打到了地上。故应选A项。3．Whatdoyouthinkwouldprobablybetheresultifthehostessgotangryandscoldedtheson?A．Itwouldmaketheembarrassingsituationworse.B．Thesonwouldrefusetoservetheguestsanymore.C．Thesonwouldtalkbackandmakethemotherallthemoreangry.D．Theguestswouldleavebeforethedinnerwasover.解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段可推知答案。BAlongweekendisagreatopportunitytodosomethingalittledifferent.Manypeopleusealongweekendforagetaway,_ashorttriptoleavethestressoftheireverydaylivesbehindandexplore,learn,orrelax.HotelRomanceManyhotelsandresortsfeaturesomethingspecialtostartthegetaway,suchaschampagne(香槟酒),flowers,orafruitbasketintheroomonarrival.Getawaypackagesusuallyincludearoomwithsomethingspecial,forexampleaheart­shapedbed.Additionalbenefitscouldberoomservicemealsorotherprivatedining,plusticketsordiscountsforlocalattractions.VisitaSpaSpagetawayscantakeplaceatalocationthatfocusesonlyonspaservicesoratahotelthatoffersaspaasoneofitsfeatures.Somespasemphasizetreatmentsfitfortheirgeographicareaoralocalattraction.Aspainagrapegrowingregionmightprovidegrapejuicemasks,orahotelnearahotspringcouldoffermineralbaths.Mostspasofferarangeofmassage(按摩),andhealthandbeautytreatments,soaspagetawaycanberelaxingwithotherbenefits.LearnaSkillAlongweekendmaynotbeenoughtimetobecomeanexpertonsomethingnew,butitprovidesawayforpeopletobegintheirexplorations.Someorganizationsofferintensive(集中的)coursesthatlasttwoorthreedays.Peoplewithspecialinterestscangetawayfromtheirroutineswhilelearningsuchthingsashowtomakebeer,speakanewlanguage,ortakebetterphotos.HelpOthersSomeorganizationscooperatewithbusinessestoofferaccommodationsandactivitiesforshort­termvolunteers.Mostvolunteervacationsinvolveecology­friendlyorcharityactivities.Avolunteergetawayisawaytorelievestressandhelpothersatthesametime.StayinaNationalParkForthosewhowanttorelaxinaruralenvironment,anationalparkfitsthebill.Mostnationalparksprovidecampingareaswithtentsandtrailers.Severalhavecabins(小屋)withintheparksavailabletorent.Agetawaytoanationalparkprovidesprivacy,stressrelief,andthetimetogettoknowsomeimportantnaturalresources.语篇解读：周末度假可以帮助我们减轻生活中的压力，探索自然，学习知识，放松身心。文章给出了几个周末度假的好去处。4．Theunderlinedword“getaway”inParagraph1mostprobablymeansa(n)________．A．excitingexplorationB．interestinglocationC．shortvacationD．unforgettableexperience解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Manypeopleusealongweekendforagetaway,ashorttrip”可知，getaway意为“短假”。5．Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat________.A．spasareofferedinthetouristattractionsalloverthecountryB．intensivecoursesofsomeorganizationshelppeoplegetawayfromhomeC．helpingothersatweekendmakespeoplefeelmorestressfulD．peoplemaygetclosetonatureinanationalpark解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Agetawaytoanationalparkprovides...thetimetogettoknowsomeimportantnaturalresources.”可知，在国家公园度短假可以使我们了解重要的自然资源，因此D项正确。6．Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?A．StayAwayFromOurBusyWorkB．GoodWaystoRelieveStressC．EnjoyLifeandHelpOthersD．LongWeekendGetaway解析：选D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了五个周末度短假的去处，因此D项是最佳标题。CAshleighFraserandLeahGuskjolen,both18,wonderedwhytheywouldn'tbeallowedtowearnailpolish(指甲油)orartificialnailsduringtheirtrainingtobecomecertifiednursingassistants.Butwhentheyasked,theonlyresponsetheygotwasthat“rulesarerules”.Notsatisfied,theteensdecidedtoexploretheissuethemselves.Fortheirstudy,AshleighandLeah,seniorsatWillcoxHighSchoolinWillcoxNaturalnailsproducedanaverageof4.3bacterialcolonies.Incontrast,scrapingsfromnailpolishorartificialnailsproducedanaverageof17.5colonies!LeahandAshleighhadtheiranswertothe_question.Onlynaturalnailsareallowedbecausepolishedandartificialnailstendtoharborfarmorebacteria.Thegermscouldbedangeroustosickpatients.Whennursestouchpatients,theyoftenweargloves,butmanysmalltasksareperformedbarehanded.Theteenshopetoraiseawarenessofhowdangerousartificialnailscanbeinthemedicalsetting.“Whatshockedme，”Leahsays，“ishowunconcernedsomeofthenursesare.Theydon'tthinktheirnailsaredangerous.”Ashleighagreesandobservesthatnurseswithpolishedorfakenailstendedtoscrub(擦洗)lessvigorouslywhenwashingtheirhands.Theirnailsmightlooknice,butthismightcontributetothelargenumbersofgermsthathangontotheirnails.Ashleighhasneverreallylikednailpolish,soshewon'thavetochangemuchtopursueherdreamofbeingasurgeon.ButtheresultshaveremindedLeah,whowantstobeanurse,togiveupherartificialnailsforgood.“They'reverypretty，”shesays.“Ilovethem.”Butnowthatsheknowstheriskstheycancause,sheadmitsthatforahealthprofessionaltheyjustare“notworthit”．语篇解读：医院为什么要禁止医护人员涂指甲油或戴人工指甲呢？两位青少年经研究发现，那是因为涂指甲油的指甲和人工指甲容易滋生细菌。7．Thefirstparagraphisintendedtointroducethe________.A．twoteenagers'careerplanB．causeofthetwoteenagers'studyC．advantageofthetwoteenagers'studyD．twoteenagers'attitudetowardstheirtraining解析：选B段落大意题。根据第一段可知，两位青少年对她们不能涂指甲油和戴人工指甲的原因不满意，所以决定自己找到答案。因此，第一段主要介绍了两位青少年做研究的原因。8．Whatdidthetwoteenagersdofortheirstudy?A．Theygottrainedatahospital.B．Theydidanexperimentbythemselves.C．Theyconsultedthehospital'snurses.D．Theycollectedexperimentalsamplesattheirschool.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段可知，两位青少年通过亲自做实验来找到她们想要的答案。9．Theunderlinedwords“thequestion”inParagraph3refertowhy________.A．wearingpolishedorartificialnailsisharmfultohealthB．scrapingsfromnaturalnailsproducedlessbacteriaC．theycannotwearpoli