2019年英语新必修二讲义Unit1SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Languageeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈现])eq\a\vs4\al([读文清障])AFACTORANOPINION?Whatisafact?Isitsomethingthatpeoplebelieve①？No.Afactisanythingthatcanbeproved.Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyother②countryintheworld.Thisisafact.Thenwhatisanopinion?Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistruebuthasnotbeenproved③.Soanopinionisnotgoodevidence④inatrial⑤.Forexample,itisanopinionifyousay“Catsarebetterpetsthandogs”.Itmaybetrue,butitisdifficulttoprove.Somepeoplemaynotagreewith⑥thisopinionbuttheyalsocannotprovethattheyareright.Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve⑦.Thejudgedoesnotconsiderwhateacheyewitnesslookslikeorwherethatpersonlivesorworks⑧.He/Sheonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions⑨.Thiskindofinformationiscalledevidence.①that引导定语从句，修饰something。②anyother任何其他一个more...thananyother...为比较级形式，却表达了最高级的含义，此处相当于hasthemostpeopleofallthecountriesintheworld。在Itcanbeprovedthat...句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。③what引导表语从句，其中someonebelieves为插入语。④evidence/'evIdəns/n.根据；证据goodevidence充分的证据⑤trial/'traIəl/n.审判；审讯；试验inatrial在审判中⑥agreewith赞成；同意(后接sb.或whatsb.says)agreewith还表示“与……一致；(食物、气候等)适合某人”。⑦eyewitness/ˌaI'wItnIs/n.目击者；证人句中两个“which＋不定式”结构都作decide的宾语。⑧or连接了由what和where引导的两个从句，作动词consider的并列宾语，其语序均为陈述语序。⑨careabout在乎；在意；关心ratherthan而不是whether引导的从句作caresabout的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句。事实还是看法？什么是事实呢？是不是人们所相信的就是事实呢？不是。事实是任何可以被证实的事。举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的，这就是事实。那么，什么是看法呢？看法是人们相信是真实的，但是未经证实。因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。举例来说，如果你说“猫作为宠物比狗好”，这就是看法，这个看法可能是正确的，但是它难以被证实。有些人可能不同意这种看法，但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。法官并不考虑每个证人的长相如何，也不考虑那个人住在哪里，或者在哪儿工作。他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。这种信息就叫作证据。Step1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestion.What'sthemainideaofthepassage？(nomorethan10words)Thepassageismainlyaboutthe_differences_between_a_fact_and_an_opinion.Step2Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Whatreallyisafactaccordingtothepassage?A．Itissomethingthatmorethanonepersonbelieves.B．Itissomethingthatmorethanonepersonhasseenordone.C．Itisanythingthatcanbeproved.D．Itisanythingthatisbelievedoracceptedbymostpeople.2．Chinahasthelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.________.A．Itisafact B．ItisanopinionC．Itisanevidence D．Allthethree3．Ajudgemustconsidertheeyewitness'________inatrial.A．appearance B．jobC．opinion D．facts4．Howdoesthewriterexplainthetwotermsof“fact”and“opinion”？A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bygivingdefinitions(定义)．C．Bygivingevidence. D．BothAandB.答案：1～4CADD一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.localadj.本地的；当地的2.trialn.审判；审讯；试验3.sailorn.水手；海员；船员4.debaten．&vi.争论；辩论5.eyewitnessn.目击者；证人6.sinkvi.下沉；沉下Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.paintingn．绘画；画→paintv．油漆；绘画2.evidencen．根据；证据→evidentadj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的3.explodevi.爆炸→explosionn．爆炸4.entrancen．入口；进入→entervt.进入5.informaladj.非正式的→formal(反义词)正式的1．paintingn．绘画；画[同义]drawing,oil,picture,portrait[联想]各种“中国画”的英语名称①ChinesePainting中国画②ChineseFigurePainting中国人物画③ChineseBird­and­flowerPainting中国花鸟画④ChineseLandscapePainting中国山水画2.i→a→u型动词荟萃①begin→began→begun②drink→drank→drunk③ring→rang→rung④sing→sang→sung⑤swim→swam→swum⑥sink→sank→sunk3.巧记“t→ce”构成的名词①different→difference②evident→evidence③confident→confidence④important→importance二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1．take_apart拆开2．care_about关心；介意；在乎3．rather_than而不是4．think_highly_of看重；器重5．agree_with同意6．look_after照顾；照看1．atmidnight在午夜2．theentrancetothemine煤矿的入口处3．bythelightofthemoon借着月光4．giveone'sopinionabout关于……发表某人的观点5．second­handfurnitureshop二手家具店6．foroneself亲自三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Onedayhewaslookinginasecond­handfurnitureshopwhenhe...一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然……bedoingsth....when...“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”。Hewas_watching_TV_whentherewasapowerfailure.他正在看电视，这时停电了。2.Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyothercountryintheworld.举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It_can_be_proved_thatheisfitforthejob.他适合这项工作，这是可以被证实的。3.Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。两个“疑问词＋不定式”结构作decide的宾语。Wehaven'tdecidedwhich_topic_to_talk_about.我们还未决定谈论哪个话题。4.NordoIthinktheyshouldgiveittoanygovernment.我认为他们不应该将它给任何一个政府。否定词置于句首构成的倒装结构。Never_has_he_been_totheUnitedStatesand他从未去过美国和加拿大。1．(教材P4)TheoldmansawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。takeapart拆开①Hetookaradioapartyesterdaybutdidn'tknowhowtoputittogetheragain.昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再装起来。②ThetwinslooksomuchalikethatIcan'ttell_them_apart.这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法区分他们。③Apart_frombeingtoolarge,thetrousersdon'tsuitme.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。2．(教材P5)Soanopinionisnotgoodevidenceinatrial.因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。evidencen．[U，C]证据；根据；证明(1)Thereissome/noevidencethat...有/没有证据证明……inevidence显眼；显而易见(2)evidentadj.明显的；明白的It'sevidentthat...很明显……evidentlyadv.显然；明显地；清楚地①There'ssomeevidencethatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。②Atpresentwehavenoevidence(evident)oflifeonotherplanets.目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。③It_is_evident_thathishousewascompletelydestroyedintheearthquake.很明显，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。3．(教材P5)He/Sheonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions.他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。ratherthan是……而不是；与其……倒不如(1)ratherthan连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”(2)ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致①Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。②Thesweatersheboughtwasbeautifulratherthancheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。③YouratherthanIare(be)goingtogocamping.是你而不是我要去野营。[名师点津]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(woulddo...ratherthando...,wouldratherdo...thando...,prefertodo...ratherthando...))eq\a\vs4\al(宁愿做……,也不愿做……)4．(教材P5)InApril1945Iheardsomethingexplodeatmidnight.在1945年4月，半夜里我听到有东西爆炸。explodevi.爆炸(1)explodewith突然……explodewithlaughter/anger哄堂大笑/勃然大怒(2)explosionn.爆炸①Thebombexploded,causingalotofdamage.炸弹爆炸了，造成巨大损失。②Onseeinghisfunnyexpression,weallexploded_with_laughter.一看到他滑稽的表情，我们都一下子大笑起来。③Ifthegaspipeexplodes,_theexplosionmaydogreatdamagetothebuildingsaround.(explode)如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。5．(教材P5)Tomysurprisetheentrancetotheminewasclosed.令我惊讶的是，通往矿井的入口被关闭了。entrancen．入口(1)theentranceto＋地点……的入口thecollegeentranceexaminations大学入学考试(2)entervi.进入exitn.出口theexitof＋地点……的出口①Inreturn,thelocalpeoplegavetheforeignguestsawarmreceptionatthemainentrance.作为报答，当地人在正门给外宾热情的接待。②I'llwaitforyouattheentrancetothezootomorrow.明天我会在动物园的入口处等你。③Hepassedthe_college_entrance_examinations,_whichmadehisparentsveryproud.他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。6．(教材P6)Onthevoyage,theshipwasattackedandsank.在航海中，船遭到袭击，沉没了。sinkvi.下沉；沉下；坐下(sank;sunk)sinkinto渗入；陷入；沉入；进入sinkback重重地往后坐下sinkto沉到①Itwilltakealittletimefortheraintosinkintothedryearth.要使雨水渗入干土需要一些时间。②Withhisproblemsettled,hesankbackintohiscomfortablechairwithrelief.他的问题解决之后，他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。③Onitsfirstvoyage,thebigshiphitanicebergandthensank_tothebottomofthesea.在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。7．(教材P7)IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.我很看重那些寻找琥珀屋的人们。thinkhighlyof看重；器重；对……评价高thinkmuch/wellof...(＝thinkhighlyof...)看重；器重；对……评价高thinkill/poorly/badlyof认为……不好thinknothingof...不重视；认为……不足为奇①Judgingfromhisexpression,hedoesn'tthinkhighlyofyourplan.从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。②Heoftentellslies,whichmakesothersthink_ill/poorly/badly_of_him.他经常撒谎，这使得别人看不起他。③AsfarasIknow,theyoungmanis_highly_thought_ofinhiscompany.据我所知，这个年轻人在公司里很受器重。[名师点津]当thinkhighly/well/muchof...用于被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即behighly/well/muchthoughtof。8．(教材P7)Readthefollowingtipsfororganizinganinformalclassdebate.阅读下面关于组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的建议。debatevt.&vi.讨论；辩论n．讨论；辩论(1)haveadebateon/about/oversth.进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论underdebate在辩论/讨论中aheated/livelydebate一场激烈的/热烈的争论beyond/withoutdebate无可争论(2)debatewithsb.about/on...就……与某人辩论①Afteraheateddebate,weallagreedontheplan.经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。②Eventhoughthelawisunder_debatenow,itwillbepassedsoon.尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。③Wemustdebatethequestionwiththerestofthemembers.我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。1．Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyothercountryintheworld.举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。“itcanbeprovedthat...”结构中的it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，叫作主语从句，其中that没有实际意义，只起引导作用。①Itcanbeprovedthatwhathehassaidisnottrue.他所说的并不是真的，这可以得到证实。②It_is_widely_believed_thatChinawillcertainlyplayamoreandmoreimportantpartintheworld.人们普遍认为中国将肯定会在世界上发挥越来越重要的作用。③It_is_a_pity_thatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯下这样的错误，真是遗憾。④It_is_said_thathehasspentthewholedaydecoratinghissittingroom.据说他一整天忙于装饰客厅。2．Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。whicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve是两个带疑问代词which的动词不定式短语，作decide的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。该结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。①TheexpertsaredebatinghowtosolvethemysteryoftheAmberRoom专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。②Whento_go(go)outforapicnichasnotbeendecided.什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。③Haveyoudecidedwhereto_spend(spend)yourholiday?你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theemployeeyouhavebeenthinkhighly(high)ofprovesdishonest.2.Itcanbeprovedthatheisagenerousandwarm­heartedman.3．Theentrancetothemeetingroomhasalreadybeenclosed.4．Thereisalotofevidence(evident)toprovethatsmokinghasabadeffectonourlungs.5．Abombexploded(explode)suddenlybytheroadsideanddestroyedhiscar.6．Tobehonest,I'matalosshowto_settle(settle)theproblem.7．Heratherthanyouis(be)tohaveatalkwiththestranger.8．Thekidswatchedasthecoinsanktothebottomofthepool.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Youshouldtake_this_computer_apart(把电脑拆开)toseewhatiswrongwithit.2．It_can_be_easily_proved_that(很容易被证明)nothingismorepreciousthantime.3．I'mthinkingwhat_to_do_next(接下来要做什么)．4．MrGreenisverygeneroustous,soallofusthink_highly_of_him(对他评价高)．5．Weare_having_a_heated_debate(正在进行激烈的辩论)onthequestiontilllateintothenight.6．Iprefer_to_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_ratherwork_than_sit_there(宁愿工作而不愿坐在那里)doingnothing.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thebombwasreadytoexplode(爆炸)duringtherushhour.2．It'saninformal(非正式的)party,soyoucanwearjeanstonight.3．Theshipsank(下沉)tothebottomoftheseabecauseofthestorm.4．Thejudgecalledinseveraleyewitnesses(目击者)tothekilling.5．Inordertohidethetreasures,theyputalotofhugestonesattheentrance(入口)tothecave.6．Herhobbiesincludemusicandpainting(绘画)．7．Throughoutthetrial(审判),hekeptsilent,whichmadeothersfeelstrange.8．Ourchildrengotothelocal(本地的)schools.9．Inevidence(明显)wehavemadegreatprogresstheseyears.10．Thereisalwaysadebate(辩论)aboutwhetherstudentsshouldusecellphonesornotatschool.Ⅱ.补全句子1．It_is_proved_that(据证实)thelittleboyhasn'ttoldlies.2．There_was_no_evidence_that(没有证据证明)theyhadstolenthejewels.3．Guestshave_free_entrance_to_the_swimming_pool(可以免费进入游泳池)andthehealthclub.4．Thestudents,rather_than_their_teacher(而不是他们的老师),aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.5．Heishardtogetalongwithifyoudon'tagree_with__him(同意他)．6．Ifyouthink_highly_of_the_film(对这部电影评价高)youmayencourageotherpeopletogoandseeit.7．IfJoe'swifedoesn'tgototheparty,nor/neither_will_he(他也不去)．8．Theyhaven'tdecidedwhen_to_hold_the_debate(什么时候举行辩论)．[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theblackboardwas_decorated(decorate)withbeautifulwords,whichread“HappyTeachers'Day！”2．Thepainting(paint)attractedhisattention,whichhelpedhimdevelopaninterestindrawingpictures.3．Youhadbetterhavethecarrepaired(repair)orit'llgetyouintotrouble.4．Theroom,fullofwooden(wood)furniture,isusedforreceivingtheguestsfromChina.5．Hewasbornblind,butthatdidn'tstophimfrombecomingasuccessfulartist(art)．6．Becauseoftheterriblefire,allthevaluable(value)thingsinthemuseumweredestroyed.7．Toprovethatheisinnocent,somenewevidence(evident)isneeded.8．Attheentrance(enter)tothebuilding,manypeoplearewaitingtherenow.9．—Theworkerourmanagerisalwaysthinkinghighlyofsavedthelittleboy.—Heisreallybrave.10．Hetolduswhetherto_have(have)apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.Ⅱ.选词填空takeapart，lessthan，thinkhighlyof，agreewith，atwar，bedesignedfor，inreturn，belongto1．Hespokehighlyofher;buthedidnotthink_highly_of_herwriting.2．Noteveryoneagrees_withme,buteveryoneknowswhitepollutionisbecomingaseriousproblem.3．Themachinehasalreadybeentaken_apartinordertobetransportedtoBeijing.4．Ittookthepoliceless_thantwohourstofindoutthemurderer.5．Smileatothers,andyouaresuretogetasmilein_return.6．Thehousebelongs_tomyaunt,butshedoesn'tlivehereanymore.7．Theseclassesare_designed_forbothnewandexperiencedmusiclovers.8．DuringtheSecondWorldWarGermanywasat_war_withalmostalltheothercountriesintheworld.Ⅲ.多维演练1．doubt(1)用whether/if/that填空①ThereissomedoubtamongthepeoplewhetherJohnwillattendtheparty.②IhavenodoubtthatTomwillwinthegame.③Idodoubtwhether/ifhewillcometomorrow.④Idon'tdoubtthattheoptimisticgirlwillnotgiveintoanydifficulty.(2)补全句子There_is_no_doubt_thatChinaismakinggreatprogressinmanyfields.毫无疑问中国在许多领域正取得重大进展。2．have的相关结构用所给词的适当形式填空①Theoldladyhadherfoothurt(hurt)whenshecleanedherhouse.②Tofinishthetaskontime,theworkershadthemachineworking(work)allday.③Theteacherhashisstudentscomplete(complete)alotofpracticeeveryevening.④Theyoungmanhadhislegsinjured(injure)intheaccidentyesterday.⑤Hismotherhadmuchhouseworkto_do(do)thatday,soshehadhimpaint(paint)thewallforher.3．thinkhighlyof(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Themandoeswellinhisworkandishighly(high)thoughtofbyhisboss.②Theboydoesn'twanttosharehistoyswithothers,andtheythinkpoorly(poor)ofhim.(2)补全句子Peoplewillthink_highly_of_you_foryourhonestyandcourageafterhearingofyourdeeds.听说你的事迹后人们会很欣赏你的诚实与勇气。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解Lookaroundthewallsofyourclassroom.Doyouseepicturesorpaintings?Mostoftheartonshowwasprobablycreatedbyyourselfandyourclassmates,usingimaginationandyourownhands.EachyearinTorontothousandsofschoolchildrenmakethebestuseoftheirimaginationsandtheircreativeabilitiesinworkshopsprovidedbyanorganizationcalledtheInnerCityAngels.Thesechildrenworkdirectlywithprofessional(专业的)artistsondifferentartprograms.NatalieMcHaffieisoneofthemanyprofessionalartistswhoworkwiththeInnerCityAngels.“Mypurposeistoteachthechildrenaboutdesign，”shesays.“Oncetheylearnhowtoputthingstogether,theycanusethatknowledgeforotherthingstheymaywanttodo,suchasmakingakiteordesigningahouse.”RecentlyMs.McHaffieworkedwith16childrenatSt.BernardSchooltocreateawallpaintinginthehallwayleadingtothekindergartenclassroom.Togethertheydesignedanddidthewallpaintingduringoneschoolweek.WhenMs.McHaffiefirstmetthestudentartists,shetoldthem,“Wemustdoapaintingthatwillnotonlypleasethekindergartenkidsbutwillalsooffertheminformation.”Eachofthe16studentswasaskedtoimagineanddrawideasforthepainting.Afterdiscussingthedifferentideastogether,theychosethetheme(主题)“TheFourSeasons.”Finishingthepainting,fourofthestudentartistshadsomethingtosayabouttheirexperience.Alfea:“Youlearnmorewhenyoudoityourself.Asyougoalongyoukeepfindingoutthingsyoudidn'tknowbefore.”Mauro:“Ilikeworkinginagroupbecauseyougetmoredonethanifyouworkalone.”Paolo:“It'sbeenfunworkinginagroup,notthesamekindofexcitingfunaswhenyou'replayingbasketball.Whenyoudoart,itmakesyoufeelpeaceful.”Paulina:“Youcanlearnfromworkingwiththeotherkids.Bytalkingtoeachotheryoucanfindwaystodothings.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。多伦多的学生每年都有机会和职业艺术家合作，共同描绘美丽画卷。1．Eachyear,thousandsofschoolchildreninToronto________.A．jointheInnerCityAngelsB．takepartinthecity'sartprogramsC．takeartclassesindifferentworkshopsD．createpaintingsonthewallsoftheirclassrooms解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“EachyearinTorontothousandsofschoolchildren”和“Thesechildrenworkdirectlywithprofessional(专业的)artistsondifferentartprograms.”可知，每年都有成千上万的学生参加多伦多的艺术项目。2．Ms.McHaffiehopesthechildren________.A．willunderstandtheimportanceofdesignB．candesignahouseoftheirownsomedayC．willstartlearningeasythingssuchasmakingakiteD．canspreadknowledgeofhowtoputthingstogether解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中NatalieMcHaffie说的“Mypurposeistoteachthechildrenaboutdesign”和“theycanusethatknowledgeforotherthingstheymaywanttodo”可推测，她认为如何设计很重要，因此也希望孩子们理解设计的重要性。3．Whatwasthetaskofthesixteenstudents?A．CollectingpaintingsatSt.BernardSchool.B．Playingwiththekindergartenkids.C．Designingaclassroom.D．Paintingonawall.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“16childrenatSt.BernardSchooltocreateawallpainting”可知，这16名学生的任务是创作一幅壁画。4．Wecaninferfromthetextthatallthefourstudentartists________.A．enjoyedthepeaceoftheirworkB．learnedquitealotfromtheirworkC．saidsomethinggoodabouteachotherD．realizedtheadvantagesofgroupwork解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后四段中的开头语可知，这四名学生都从这次的工作中受益匪浅。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Evenifyouthinkthatyourparentsaremean­spiritedattimes,lovingyourparentsisanormalandfulfillingpartoflife.Youlove