2019年英语新外研必修四讲义Module2SectionⅠIntroductionReading-Pre-reading

Nowadaystrafficcongestion(拥挤，阻塞)isabigprobleminmostofourcities.Haveyougotanyideasaboutwhathasbroughtaboutthis?Therearemanycausesforthisproblem,butthefollowingmaybethemostimportantones.Thefirstcauseisthegreatincreaseinthenumberofprivatecars.Carstakeupmorespacebuttheycarryfewerpeople.Someprivatecardrivers,ignoringtrafficregulations,driveonlyforthesakeoftheirownconvenience,blockingthewayofotherpublictransportationvehicles.Thesecondcauseistheslowandinefficientconstructionandimprovementoftheroadsandstreets.Withalargepopulationandnumbersofautomobilesincreasing,someroadsstillremainunimproved,whichwillsurelyleadtoproblems.Thelastcauseistheinsufficient(不足的)managementofthetrafficsystemandthepeople'slackofawarenessoftrafficrules.Manypedestrians(行人)crossthestreetsevenwhenthetrafficlightsareagainstthem,whichisanobstacle(障碍)totheflowoftraffic.Thenhowtosolvethisproblem?Somesuggestlayingdownmoreroadstomakethetrafficlesscrowdedandspeeduptheflowoftraffic.Othersbelievethatweshouldopenupmorepublicbusroutes,sothatmorepeoplewilltakethepublicbusesinsteadoftravellingbycarandbicycle.Thoughtheabovetwoviewssoundreasonable,theyhavetheirowndrawbacks.Theformermaytakeupmuchlandwhichcouldbeusedforfarmsandhouses.Thelattermaycauseinconvenienceforthosewhoareusedtotravellingbycarorbicycle.Ithinkthebestanswertothetrafficproblemisacombinationofthetwo.Moreroadscanbebuilttoholdmoretrafficandmeanwhilemorepublicbusroutescanbeopeneduptothosewhoprefertousethepublictransportation.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre­readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈现])GettingAround①inBeijingTaxisTaxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.Simplyraiseyourhand,andataxiappearsinnotime②.Theyareusuallyred,andtheydisplay③thepriceperkilometreonthewindow.Youshouldcheckthecab④hasabusinesspermit⑤，andmakesure⑥youaskforareceipt⑦.Busesandtrolleybuses⑧Publictransportprovides⑨acheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.Thereare20,000busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded⑩.It'sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherushhour⑪(6：30am－8：00amand5：00pm－6：30pm)．Fares⑫arecheap,startingat1yuan⑬.Air­conditioned⑭busescostmore.Busesnumbered1to100⑮arelimitedto⑯travelwithinthecitycentre.Highernumbershavedestinations⑰inthesuburbs⑱.Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103bus⑲whichoffersoneofthemostimpressive⑳routeseq\o(○,\s\up1(21))，pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.Ifyougetonadouble­deckereq\o(○,\s\up1(22))bus,makesureyousitupstairs.You'llhaveagoodviewofeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))therapidlychangingcity.Mostbusesrunfromabout5：00amtomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200seq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).eq\a\vs4\al([读文清障])①getaround到处旅行；四处走动around此处为副词，可用round来替换。②innotime马上；立刻③display/dI'spleI/vt.展示；陈列④cab/kæb/n.出租汽车；计程车⑤permit/'pɜːmIt/n.执照；许可证⑥youaskforareceipt是省略that的宾语从句。⑦receipt/rI'siːt/n.收据⑧trolleybus/'trɒliˌbʌs/n.电车⑨provide/prə'vaId/vt.提供常用结构：providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.⑩getcrowded变得拥挤的⑪therushhour交通高峰期⑫fare/feə/n.车费⑬现在分词短语作状语，起补充说明的作用。⑭air­conditioned/'eəkənˌdIʃnd/adj.带空调的⑮过去分词短语作定语，修饰buses，句中number是动词，意为“给……编号”。⑯belimitedto局限于，受……限制limit/'lImIt/vt.限制⑰destination/ˌdestI'neIʃn/n.目的地；终点⑱suburbn．郊区suburbanadj.郊区的；城外的⑲which引导限制性定语从句，修饰the103bus。⑳impressive/Im'presIv/adj.给人印象深刻的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))route/ruːt/n.路线eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))double­decker/ˌdʌbl'dekə/n.双层公共汽车eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))haveagoodviewof观看……的美丽风景eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))过去分词短语作定语，修饰busservice。行在北京[第1～4段译文]出租车(北京)大街上的出租车是24小时服务的。只要你招招手，马上就会有出租车开过来。它们通常是红色的，而且在车窗上显示每千米的价格。你得确保出租车有营业执照，并且一定要索取发票。公共汽车和电车公共交通为(人们)游览北京提供了一种低价位的出行方式。在北京有两万辆公共汽车和电车，但是，它们会很拥挤。明智的做法是避免在交通高峰期(早上6：30～8：00，下午5：00～6：30)乘坐公共交通工具。这些车车费便宜，一元起价。空调车要贵一些。1路到100路公共汽车都是仅限于市中心内的，编号大于100的公共汽车可到达郊区。游客们不应错过103路公共汽车，它途经紫禁城和北海公园的白塔，沿途风景令人印象深刻。如果你乘坐双层公共汽车，务必坐在上层。你将一览这个飞速发展的城市的美丽风景。大多数公共汽车的运营时间大约是从早上5点到午夜。不过，也有夜班车，编号在200到300之间。MinibusesMinibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativeeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))toexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransporteq\o(○,\s\up1(26))insomeareas.Theyrunregularservicesandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseateveninrushhours.UndergroundTherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesareunderconstructioneq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Trainsarefastandconvenienteq\o(○,\s\up1(28))，butrushhourscaneq\o(○,\s\up1(29))beterrible.Aone­waytripeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))costs3yuan.Stationnamesaremarkedineq\o(○,\s\up1(31))pinyin.Theundergroundisopenfrom5：00amto11：00pm.Pedicabseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Touristslikethesehuman­pedalledeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))“tricycleeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))taxis”，buttheycanbeexpensive.Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepricebeforeyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,singleeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))orreturneq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).Tricyclesareworthusingeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))ifyouwanttoexploreeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))thenarrowalleyseq\o(○,\s\up1(39))(hutong)ofoldBeijingeq\o(○,\s\up1(40)).,eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))alternativen．可供选择的事物eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))crowdedpublictransport拥挤的公共交通，crowdedadj.拥挤的，作定语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))underconstruction正在建设之中eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))convenient/kən'viːniənt/adj.方便的一般不用人作主语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))can可能，表示“一时的可能性”，用于肯定的陈述句中。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))aone­waytrip单程eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))bemarkedin用……(某种语言、颜色等)做标记eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))pedicabn．三轮脚踏车eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))human­pedalledadj.人力驱动的，脚踏的pedal/'pedl/vt.&vi.骑车；踩……的踏板eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))tricycle/'traIsIkl/n.三轮脚踏车eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))single/'sIŋɡl/n.单程票eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))return/rI'tɜːn/n.往返票eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))beworthdoing值得做加强语气时，常用well修饰worth。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))explore/Ik'splɔː/vt.探索eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))alleyn．胡同，小巷eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))ifyouwant...是if引导的条件状语从句。[第5～7段译文]小型公共汽车如果嫌出租车贵、公交车拥挤的话，在有些地方，你可以乘坐有12个座位的小公共汽车。它们跟大型公共汽车走同样的路线，提供常规服务。在小型公共汽车上，即使在高峰期也总能找到空位。地铁北京有四条地铁线，还有几条线正在建设之中。地铁快捷方便，但是，交通高峰时段情况就可能非常糟糕。地铁票价单程为3元，站名用拼音标注，运营时间为早上5点到晚上11点。三轮脚踏车游客们喜欢这些人力驱动的“三轮脚踏车”，但价格可能会很贵。因此开始你的旅行之前要先跟车夫交谈，确保弄清楚价格，例如，明确价钱是否按人数计算、是单程还是往返双程的问题。如果你想去老北京窄小的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车是值得一坐的。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．wireA．n.执照；许可证2．suburban B．n.电线3．displayC．adj.郊区的；市郊的4．permit D．vt.展示；陈列5．receiptE．vt.提供6．fareF．n.收据7．destinationG．n.车费8．provideH．vt.限制9．convenientI．n.单程票10．limitJ．n.往返票11．singleK．adj.方便的12．returnL．vt.探索13．exploreM．n.目的地；终点14．impressiveN．adj.给人印象深刻的1～5________6～10________11～14________答案：1～5BCDAF6～10GMEKH11～14IJLNLead­inLookatthepictureandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatcanyouseeinit?Haveyoueverbeenstuckinatrafficjam?Howlongwereyouinthejam?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：Icanseecarsarestreaminginandatrafficjamisdeveloping.IgotstuckinatrafficjamlastSunday.Iwasinthejamforalmostonehour.While­readingFast­readingChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttotakeataxi?A．Checkthedriver'sbusinesspermit.B．Askforareceipt.C．Gotothestation.D．BothAandB.2．WhatcanwelearnfromthetextaboutthebusesinBeijing?A．Allthebusescantravelwithinthecitycentre.B．Theyareveryexpensive.C．Theycangetcrowded.D．Allthebusesrunfromabout5：00amtomidnight.3．Youshouldtakeaminibusifyou________.A．travelwith12morefriendsB．wanttotravelfasterC．thinkthattaxisaretooexpensiveandbusesaretoocrowdedD．wanttotraveldifferentroutesfromthelargepublicbuses4．WhichwillyouchooseforavisitofnarrowalleysofoldBeijing?A．Taxis. B．Buses.C．Underground. D．Pedicabs.5．Accordingtothetext,wecanconcludethatinBeijing________.A．therewillbemorepedicabsB．therewillbemoreundergroundlinesC．therewillbemoreminibusesD．therewillbemoretrolleybuses答案：1～5DCCDBCareful­reading(Ⅰ)True(T)orFalse(F)．1．Taxisusuallyshowthepriceperkilometreonthedoor.__F__2．Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotraveloutsidethecity.__F__3．Youcanseldomgetaseatonaminibusinrushhours.__F__4．Youhavetopay3yuanforaone­wayticketifyoutakeunderground.__T__5．You'dbettertakepedicabsifyouwanttoseethealleysinBeijing.__T__(Ⅱ)Readthetextagainandfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.MeansoftransportWorkinghoursAdvantagesDisadvantagesTaxis24hoursEasytoget1.ExpensiveBusesandtrolleybuses5：00am—midnight2.CheapCrowded3.MinibusesAlwaysgetaseatOnly4.12seatsforpassengersUnderground5：00am—11：00pmFastand5．convenientTerriblein6．rushhours7.Pedicabs8.ExplorethenarrowalleysExpensiveStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostimpressiveroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihai[句式分析][尝试翻译]游客们不应错过103路公共汽车，它途经紫禁城和北海公园的白塔，沿途风景令人印象深刻。2．Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepricebeforeyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,singleorreturn.[句式分析][尝试翻译]因此开始你的旅行之前要先跟车夫交谈，确保弄清楚价格，例如，明确价格是否按人数计算、是单程还是往返双程的问题。Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheroadsthatwindalongtheSeineusedtobefullofheavytraffic.Today,cyclistsareenjoyingthewatersidepeace.OntherightbankoppositetheEiffelTower,carshavebeenmadetotravelinasinglelane(车道),leavingtheothertobicycles.Asenseofbeingcontrolledisfeltbythecapital'scarowners.AnneHidalgo,theSocialistmayorofParis,isstarting“awaragainstcars”．Aspartofthecityhall'splantoincreasetheshareoftripstakenbybicyclefrom5%to15%by2020,protectedcyclinglanesarebeinglengthenedalongsomeofthecity'smainroads.AwholeroadonthebusyRuedeRivoliisbeingchangedintoatwo­waybikeroute.Theleftbank'sroadwasclosedtocarsin2013,sixyearsafterthecitymadeabike­sharingplan.“Parisisnotanti­car,butanti­pollution”，saysJean­LouisMissika,theheadofplanningatcityhall.Pollutionlevelsinthecityareespeciallyhigh.Withitsnarrowstreets,thegovernmentistryingitsbesttoreducecarsthatdonotcarrypassengers.Fully80%ofcarsrunningincentralPariscarryonlyoneperson,and79%ofthoseonitsroadsareprivatelyowned.BlaBlaCar,aFrenchride­sharingstartup,recentlyintroducedBlaBlaLines,anewappproducedtohelppeoplewhotraveltoandfromworksharecars.ThewaragainstcarsstartedbyMsHidalgoisalsoarethinkofhowthecityshouldstartanagethatwillbeshapedbyelectriccarsanddriverlesstransport.“Itwillbeasgreatasthechangefromhorse­drawncarriages(马车)tocars，”saysMrMissika.Heexpectstoseethefirstdriverlesssix­persontaxisinParisnextyear,andsaysthatcityhallwillbanprivatelyownedcarsinthecentreby2025­30.语篇解读：本文是说明文。巴黎采取一系列措施限制汽车的使用，鼓励人们骑自行车或者拼车出行。这些举措旨在解决巴黎的环境污染问题。1．WhatdoesParagraph1trytoshow?A．ThemodernlifeofParis.B．TheheavytrafficinParis.C．ThegreatsceneryofParis.D．ThereductionofcarsinParis.解析：选D推理判断题。由第一段中的两处对比可知，巴黎的车流量大大减少。2．WhyhavesomeactionsmentionedinParagraph3beentaken?A．Toavoidcaraccidents.B．Toencouragebikeriding.C．Tomakepeopleliveacomfortablelife.D．Toshowtheimportanceofpublictransport.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段中的“increasetheshareoftripstakenbybicycle”和“protectedcyclinglanesarebeinglengthened”以及“isbeingchangedintoatwo­waybikeroute”可推断，这些举措主要是为了鼓励人们骑自行车。3．WhatisthegovernmentdoingtoreducepollutionaccordingtoParagraph4?A．Ithasclosedsomenarrowstreets.B．Ithasbannedprivatelyownedcars.C．Itdiscouragescarswithoutpassengers.D．Itencouragespublictransportjourneys.解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段中的“thegovernmentistryingitsbesttoreducecarsthatdonotcarrypassengers”可知答案。4．WhatisMrMissika'sattitudetowardthewaragainstcars?A．Heisuncertainaboutit.B．Hehashighhopesforit.C．Heisagainstit.D．Hedoubtsit.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Itwillbeasgreatasthechangefromhorse­drawncarriages(马车)tocars”和“Heexpectstoseethefirstdriverlesssix­persontaxis”以及“banprivatelyownedcars”可推断，MrMissika支持禁止汽车的举措。BYou'veprobablyneverheardofDr.JuneMcCarroll,butshe'strulyawomanwholefthermarkontheworld.BorninNebraska,shewasageneralpractitionerwholivedinCalifornia.Interestinglyenough,herfameliesoutsidetheworldofmedicine.Anaccidentgotherthinkingaboutmakingourhighwayssafer.Hercarwassideswiped(擦边)，andshedeterminedtodosomethingaboutcarsthatcrowdedothersofftheroad.Drivingonaroadthatbulged(突起)downitscenter，Dr.McCarrollnoticedthatthebulgehelpedtokeepmotoristsontheirownsideoftheroad.Thatgaveheranidea.Shetriedpersuadingthelocalgovernmentto“paintalinedownthemiddleoftheroad”tosetanexampleand“leadthenationinpublicsafety.”Shegotthetypicalbureaucratic(官僚的)response.However,shewassomeonewhowouldnottakenoforananswer.Soshetookherideatothelocalwomen'sclub.Thevotewasunanimous(无记名的)insupportoftheproject.Still,shecontinuedtofacebureaucraticstubbornness(固执)forsevenlongyearsbeforeherideawasputintopractice.In1924theCaliforniaHighwayCommissionagreedtoexperimentwithacenterlineontwosectionsofRoute99.Accidentsonbothteststretcheswerereducedgreatly,andsoontheentirestatemarkedMcCarrolllinesonitshighways.Mostoftheworldhassincefollowedsuit.Message:Whenyoubelieveinanidea,goafterthatidea,especiallyifpeopleyourespectbelieveit'sagoodone.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Dr.JuneMcCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央划分界线的人，她因为这个创意而闻名于世。5．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SafetyProblemsontheHighwayB．TheWomanWhoDrewtheLineC．AWomanWhoHadHerOwnMindD．HowtheHighwayWasMadeSafer解析：选B标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，Dr.JuneMcCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央划分界线的人，因为她的这个创意，高速公路交通事故大大降低，故B项最能体现文章的中心。6．WhenDr.JuneMcCarrollfirstputforwardhersuggestion,thelocalgovernment________.A．didn'tsupportherB．heldanunanimousvoteC．askedthelocalwomen'sclubtoconsideritD．thoughtitwasworthtrying解析：选A细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句“Shegotthetypicalbureaucratic(官僚的)response.”可知，官员们没有理会她。7．Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．Dr.JuneMcCarroll'sideaonlyworkedontwosectionsofRoute99B．acenterlineonthehighwayworkedaswellasthebulgeC．Dr.JuneMcCarroll'sideaprovedtobequiteusefulD．onlythestateofCaliforniaacceptedDr.JuneMcCarroll'sidea解析：选C细节理解题。文章最后一段说明，在高速公路中央画线后，事故大大降低，其他国家纷纷效仿，因此C项正确。8．ThroughthestoryofDr.JuneMcCarroll,theauthorintendstotellus________.A．wecanbecomefamousoutsideourownfieldB．achancealwayswaitsforsomeonewhoiswellpreparedC．weshouldgoafterourownideanomatterwhatotherssayD．weshouldnevergiveupourideaifwebelieveinit.解析：选D推理判断题。文章介绍Dr.JuneMcCarroll的提议虽然遭到官方的冷遇，但她从来没有放弃，并通过自己的努力最终获得成功。文章最后总结一旦你认为自己的想法是正确的就应该坚持、不放弃。因此D项符合作者的意图。CThereisnoquestionthatfewerteenagersareontheroadsintheUS.In1978,50%of16­year­oldshadgottheirfirstdrivinglicence.In2008,accordingtotheUSTransportationDepartment,itwasjust30%.Thenumberofthoseaged19andunderwithdrivinglicenceshasalsobeenindecline(下降)since1978,when11,989,000hadone.In2010,itwas9,932,441,or4.1%ofAmericandrivers.IntheUK,683,273teenagershavedrivinglicences—just1.85%oftotallicenceholders,accordingtoDepartmentofTransportfigures(数字)fromSeptember2010.ButthedeclineintheUSmayhavemoretodowithtoughertestsandtheintroductionofthenewruleinmanystates,whichforcedriversagedunder16tobeaccompanied(陪伴)bylicenseddriversof21yearsandolderwhendriving.Inrecentyears,theannualnumberofjourneysbeingmadebyAmericandriversofallageshasdeclinedclearlyforthefirsttimeever.Carusebeganfallingin2007,whenaveragepetrolpricesalmostdoubledto$4.12agallonButtherearesignsthatitisgettingbacktonormalandAmericaremainsacountrydominated(支配)bythecars.Ithasahighernumberofcarsperheadofpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.“CarswillalwaysbeapopularmeansoftransportationinAmerica.Youhavetotakeintoconsiderationsomeplacesdon'thaveaccesstopublictransportation.Carsaretheonlywaysomepeoplecangetaround，”saysKristinNevels.Thismakesdrivingnecessaryinsomeruralstates,whereroughlytwiceasmanyteenagersareontheroadthaninbigcities.语篇解读：根据美国交通部门的相关资料，美国青少年驾车人数呈下降趋势。其主要原因有两个：一方面驾照考试比以前更难了；另一方面许多州要求16岁以下的青少年必须在21岁或以上的持驾照者陪同下才可以开车。9．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DrivingintheUS.B．TransportationintheUS.C．USTeenagersDriveLess.D．PeopleLikeCarsintheUS.解析：选C标题归纳题。本文主要讲述美国青少年驾车人数呈下降趋势这件事，前面五段都是讲述这一主题并分析其原因，故C项正确。10．Carsareusedlessthanbeforemainlybecauseof________.A．trafficjamsB．hardertestsC．expensivepetrolD．governmentrules解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，2007年美国人使用小汽车数量减少主要是因为汽油价格上涨，故C项正确。11．WhatattitudedoesKristinNevelstaketowardscars'futureintheUS?A．Doubtful. B．Confused.C．Uncertain. D．Confident.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段KristinNevels的讲话可知，他认为小汽车在美国永远是一种流行的交通工具，在很多地方是非常必要的。由此判断他对美国小汽车未来的发展持乐观态度，故D项正确。12．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．TheUKhasmoreteenagerdriversthantheUS.B．A15­year­oldboycannotdrivealoneintheUS.C．TheUShasverydevelopedbustransportationsystem.D．BigcitieshavemoreteenagerdriversthanruralareasintheUS.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段可知，在美国许多州要求16岁以下的青少年必须在21岁或以上的持驾照者陪伴下才可以