2019年英语新外研选修八讲义Module6SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.partv．分手；分离2.dynastyn.朝；代3.shadown.影子，阴影4.altituden.高度；海拔5.sharev.分享，共享6.realistn.现实主义作家7.mentaladj.内心的；精神上的Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.acquaintancen．相识的人；泛泛之交→acquaintv．相识，了解2.expansionn．扩张→expandv．扩大，扩张；膨胀3.tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．宽容，忍耐→toleratev．容忍；宽容；忍受4.specialistn．专家→specialadj.特别的；特殊的5.advancen．进步；进展→advancedadj.先进的；高级的6.failuren．失败者→failv．失败7.corruptionn．腐败；堕落→corruptv．使堕落；贿赂8.irregularadj.不规则的；无规律的→regularadj.有规律的；规则的；定时的，经常的9.reflectionn．倒影；反映→reflectv．反映10.sufferingn．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；苦难→sufferv．遭受(痛苦)；蒙受1.partv．分手；分离[词块]partfrom与……分开2.dynastyn．朝；代[词块]theHanDynasty汉朝3.shadown．影子，阴影[联想]shaden．阴凉处[比较]①shade表示“阴凉处”“树阴”，强调避热作用②shadow强调人或物在光照下形成的影像4.altituden．高度；海拔[联想]heightn.高度[形近]attituden.态度5.sharev．分享，共享[词块]①sharewith同……分享②shareamong在……中分享③sharein共同拥有(使用)……6.realistn．现实主义作家[联想]­ist结尾的表示“……主义者；……家”①environmentalistn.环保主义者②artistn.艺术家③scientistn.科学家7.mentaladj.内心的；精神上的[反义]physicaladj.身体的[词块]①mentallabour脑力劳动②mentalhealth心理健康③mentalandphysicalhealth身心健康8.failuren．失败者[串记]Hestudiedharderbecausehehadfailed.Sohewasnotafailure.9.acquaintancen．相识的人；泛泛之交[串记]Areyouacquaintedwiththefamousactor?Ihavebeenlookingforwardtomakingtheacquaintanceofhim,butIdon'thavethechance.二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.asfaras远至；就……而言2.partfrom与……分离3.handinhand齐头并进；联合；联手4.thinkof...as...把……看作5.takeholdof抓住1.goldenage黄金时代2.atthesametime同时3.culturaldevelopment文化发展4.technologicalprogress技术进步5.scientificknowledge科学知识三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Itwasonlyinthe11thcenturythathispoeticgeniuswasrecognised.直到11世纪他在诗歌创作上的天赋才被认可。本句用了强调句型，强调了时间状语。It_was_when_he_came_home_thattheelectricitywentoff.正是他回到家的时候停电了。2.Thetwomenmetin744,andalthoughverydifferent,theybecamefriends.这两人(杜甫和李白)于744年相识，尽管风格迥异，两人仍然成了好朋友。althoughverydifferent是省略句。Although_poor,_themanwasveryhappy.这个人虽然穷，但很快乐。3.ItissaidthathedrownedwhenhefellintoariverwhiletryingtotakeholdofthereflectionoftheMoon.据说他在试图捉月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。Itissaidthat...“据说……”，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。It_is_said_thateatingfishhelpsdevelopthememory.据说吃鱼有助于增强记忆力。1．(教材P71)Whodoyouthinkthepoet's“friend”is?Aclosefriendoranacquaintance?你认为诗人的“朋友”是谁？亲密的朋友还是泛泛之交？acquaintancen．[C]相识的人；泛泛之交；熟人[U]熟悉，了解(1)makeone'sacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsb.结识某人have(no)acquaintancewith...对……(不)了解haveapassing/noddingacquaintancewith与某人有点头之交；对某事所知甚少(2)acquaintvt.使相识；使了解acquaintoneself/sb.with使……熟悉，了解beacquaintedwithsb./sth.认识某人/某物①WhiletravellingImadetheacquaintanceofmanyinterestingpeople.旅行时我认识了很多有趣的人。②Ihaveanoddingacquaintancewithhim.我跟他只是点头之交。③Shehasbeenhelpingmesinceshewas_acquainted(acquaint)withme.自从她认识我起，一直在帮助我。2．(教材P72)Tradewithforeigncountriescreatedatolerantandcosmopolitanculture.与外国人之间的贸易促成了宽容和包罗万象的文化。tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的；忍受的(1)betolerantof/towards/to对……能容忍，宽容betolerantofsth.对(药物)……有耐受性，(生物对不利环境)有耐性(2)toleratev.忍受，容忍，宽恕tolerancen.容忍，忍耐力①Youaretolerantofotherssothattheywillbetolerantinturn.你容让别人，别人也会容让你。②Itisatreetolerantofatmosphericpollution,makingitidealforurbanareas.这是一种能忍耐大气污染的树，很适合在城市地区种植。③Humanbeingshavelimitedtolerance(tolerate)ofnoise.人类对噪声的忍耐力有限。[联想发散]除了tolerate外，其他表示“容忍，忍受”的动词及短语还有：stand,bear,putupwith等。3．(教材P72)Theinventionofprintingaboutthistimemeantthatknowledgecouldberecordedandsharedasneverbefore.约发明于此时的印刷术意味着知识记载和分享得以实现，这是史无前例的。sharev．分享，共享；共用，合用；分担；分配n．一份；股份share(sth.)withsb.和某人分享/共用(……)sharesth.(out)between/among...将……分给……sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb.)(和某人)同甘共苦share(in)sth.withsb.与某人共同承担……①Everyonemustaccepttheirshareoftheblame.每个人都必须承担自己的那份责任。②Hesharesjoysandsorrowswithhisemployees.他和员工同甘共苦。③Theysharethehouseworkequallybetween/amongthem.他们平等分担家务。4．(教材P73)Butduringhislifetimeheneverbecamefamous;infact,hethoughtofhimselfasafailure.但在有生之年他一直没有成名；事实上他认为自己是一个失败者。failuren．[C]失败者，失败的事情[U]失败failv．失败failtodosth.未能做某事，做某事失败/未成功failin失败，未能做到failsb.使某人失望①Failureisthemotherofsuccess.[谚]失败是成功之母。②Hefailedinattemptatclimbingupthemountain.他企图爬上这座山，却失败了。③Hefailedto_pass(pass)theexaminationthroughcarelessness.由于粗心，他考试不及格。[名师点津]failure既可作不可数名词，表示抽象概念，也可作可数名词，表示“失败的人或事”。类似用法的名词还有：①success成功asuccess一个成功的人或一件成功的事②danger危险adanger一个危险的人或一件危险的事③help帮助ahelp一个帮手/助手④surprise吃惊asurprise一件使人吃惊的事⑤business生意abusiness一家商店⑥beauty美丽abeauty一位美人5．(教材P73)ItissaidthathedrownedwhenhefellintoariverwhiletryingtotakeholdofthereflectionoftheMoon.据说他在试图捉月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。takeholdof抓住catch/get/seizeholdofsth.抓住某物holdon继续，坚持，别挂电话holdonto紧紧抓住holdup举起，阻挡holdback阻止，阻碍；抑制holdout伸出；维持，继续①Mostthingshavetwohandles;andawisemantakeholdofthebest.事情都有两面性；智者把握最好的一面。②Hold_onaminutewhileIgetmybreathback.停一停，让我喘口气。③Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwas_held_backthankfullybytheshopwindow.我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。Thetwomenmetin744,andalthoughverydifferent,theybecamefriends.这两人(杜甫和李白)于744年相识，尽管风格迥异，两人仍然成了好朋友。本句中althoughverydifferent是省略句，完整的句子应为althoughtheywereverydifferent。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词；当状语从句的主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，也可省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。①If(itis)possible,we'llgofishing.如果可能，我们要去钓鱼。②Once,whileworking(work)overnightatastore,heletahomelessmansleepinhistruck.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)一次，上夜班时，他让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉。③Once(itis)published(publish),thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，这本词典将会非常受欢迎。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Atthehotel,Imadetheacquaintance(acquaint)ofayoungAmericanactor.2．Ireallywanttoshare_withyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.3．Thenewly­builtrestaurantwasafailureandsoonclosed.4．However,myparentsweretolerantofmychoiceofmusic.5．Youshouldtakeholdoftheropeuntilyoureachtheground.6．Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthanexpected(expect)．Ⅱ.完成句子1．I'dprefertohaveacupoftea,if_possible.如果可能的话，我更喜欢喝杯茶。2．Bestricttoyourself;betolerant_to/of/towardsothers.严以律己，宽以待人。3．I'vebeenlookingforwardtomaking_your_acquaintanceforalongtime.我很久以来一直盼望着和你相识。4．Afaithfulfriendshouldlearnto_share_happiness_and_sorrows_withyourpartner!一个忠实的朋友应该学会和你的伙伴同甘共苦！5．Wewillneverfail_to_live_up_towhatourparentsexpectofus.我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Idon'tknowanybodyhere.Buthehasalargecircleofacquaintances(熟人)．2．I'matolerant(宽容的)manbutyourbehaviorismorethanIcanbear.3．Theprofessorisaspecialist(专家)ofstudyingacriminal'spsychology.4．Therehavebeengreatadvances(进步)inmedicineinthelasttenyears.5．Becauseofcompassionforherterriblesuffering(s)(苦难)theyallowedhertostay.6．Weshouldn'toverlookthemental(精神上的)healthofyoungpeople.7．Helookedintothepoolandsawareflection(倒影)ofhimself.8．Theyfeelasiftheyhadbeenparted(分手)fromeachotherforyears.9．Theexpansion(扩张)ofthefactorywillmeantheemploymentofsixtyextraworkers.10．Ipacedupanddownonthecrossroad,seeingmyshadow(影子)walking!Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theshowwasfarfrombeingfailure;itwasagreatsuccess.failure前加a2．Igotacquaintedsomeaggressivepeoplethroughthisactivity.acquainted后加with3．Iheldupmyrighthandandshookhandswithhimunnaturallyanduneasily.up→out4．Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileuseitssupplyofnaturalresources.use→using5．AsfarasI'mconcerned,theexpenseinvolvedwillbesharedwithus.with→among/betweenⅢ.选词填空holdon,share...with...,failin,betolerantto,havesomeacquaintancewith1．Ihave_some_acquaintance_withSpanish,butIdon'tspeakitfluently.2．Everymanhashisfaults.Weshould,therefore,learntobe_tolerant_toothers.3．Weneedtohug,laugh,andshareourfeelingswithfamily,friends,andevenourpets.4．Ifithadn'tbeenforyou,Iwouldhavefailed_intheexam.5．Hold_onaminutewhileIgetmybreathback.Ⅳ.课文语法填空TheTangDynastywasatimeofexpansion.Tradewithforeigncountriescreateda1.tolerant(tolerate)andcosmopolitanculture.Newdiscoveries2.were_made(make)inastronomy,geographyandmedicine.Butitwasnotjustscientificknowledge3.thatcouldnowreachawideraudience.Printingalsomarkedthe4.beginning(begin)ofthegoldenageofliteratureintheTangDynasty,5.whichmeanspoetry.Tangpoetrywasbetterthaneverythingthathadcomebeforeitbecauseofanexplosionoftalentandthe6.appearance(appear)ofnewforms.DuFuregardedhimselfasa7.failure(fail)becauseheneverbecamefamousduringhislifetime.8.However,_hispoeticgeniuswasrecognisedinthe11thcentury.Hewasarealist9.becausehepaintedarealisticpictureoftheproblemsofthattime.NotsuccessfulintheCivilServiceExamination,LiBaibeganalifeoftravelandpoetry.Asaromantic,hewroteaboutnature,friendship,the10.pleasures(please)ofwineandsoon.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达李明是去年结识(acquaintance)王林的。他们现在是好朋友了。他们总是同甘共苦(sharejoysandsorrows)。王林是一个能容忍(tolerant)不同意见的人，而且他还乐于助人。一天在试图抓住(takeholdof)小偷时，他伤得很重，不得不被送往医院。李明不想和他分开(part)，一直陪伴着他。Li_Ming_made_the_acquaintance_of_Wang_Lin_last_year._And_they_are_good_friends_now._They_always_share_their_joys_and_sorrows._Wang_Lin_is_a_boy_who_is_tolerant_of_different_views._What's_more,_he_is_ready_to_help_others._One_day_when_trying_to_take_hold_of_a_thief,_he_was_badly_hurt_and_had_to_be_taken_to_a_hospital._Li_Ming_didn't_want_to_part_from_him_and_accompanied_him_all_the_time.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空MyhistoryteacherMrs.Shermaninmy11thgradeisagreatinfluenceonme.Shewasthepersonwhohelpedmedevelopaninterestin__1__.Mostimportantly,shehadfaithinme,forcingmeto__2__myselfandhelpedmebecomethefirstinmyfamilytoattendafour­yearcollege.To__3__her,Isayatthebeginningofoneofmybooksthatithasbeenwrittenforher.Ihadn't__4__herinnearlyadecade,butIknew:Shechangedmy__5__—Iowedherforever.WhenshegotwordofwhatI'ddone,Mrs.Shermanreachedouttome.Iwas__6__justtoreceivehere­mail.Mrs.Shermanwasagiantinmylife.Toseea__7__fromher—IfeellikeIwas17again.Afterafewe­mailsbackandforth,Mrs.Shermantoldmeasecret:shewas__8__，andsheneededanewkidney(肾).__9__，IgotintouchwithSherylSandberg,whowasalsooneofMrs.Sherman's__10__andwhoistheCOO(ChiefOperatingOfficer)ofFacebookandwestartedtosearchforpotentialdonors.Oneofmyreaderswasthoughttobea__11__.So,naturally,westartedgetting__12__.Then,atwistoffate(命运):Beth,thepotentialdonor,wasdiscoveredtohaveacanceroustumor(肿瘤)onherownkidney.Wewere__13__tolearnthis.Bethwouldneedanoperation,butshecouldbe__14__.Shekeptthankingmeoverandoverfor__15__herlife.Butweallknowthe__16__.Bethsavedherownlife—bybeingso__17__，andvolunteeringtosavethelifeofa__18__.Thoughwe'restilllookingforadonormatchforMrs.Sherman,webelievewewillfindoneeventually__19__therearesomanypeopleouttherewhoare__20__todosomethinggoodinthisworld.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者为老师寻找肾源，没想到一位志愿捐赠者在检查的过程中发现自己的肾也有问题，因此及时得到医治，正所谓好心有好报。1．A.learning B．workingC．designing D．acting解析：选A根据第一段中的“Myhistoryteacher”及“helpedmebecomethefirstinmyfamilytoattendafour­yearcollege”可推测，老师帮助作者建立了对“学习(learning)”的兴趣。2．A.help B．relaxC．believein D．turnto解析：选C根据本空前的“shehadfaithinme”可推测，老师对作者有信心，也迫使作者对自己“有信心(believein)”。3．A.encourage B．thankC．support D．comfort解析：选B老师对作者影响很大，所以作者要“感谢(thank)”她。4．A.remembered B．missedC．seen D．trusted解析：选C根据第二段中的“WhenshegotwordofwhatI'ddone,Mrs.Shermanreachedouttome.”可知，作者和老师没有联系，这也就意味着他们已经有将近十年没“见面(seen)”。5．A.habit B．lifeC．dream D．interest解析：选B根据前两段内容不难看出，老师改变了作者的生活“(life)”，因此收到老师的邮件，作者应该感到很“激动(thrilled)”。6．A.confused B．terrifiedC．relieved D．thrilled解析：选D参见上题解析。7．A.picture B．noteC．book D．word解析：选B根据上文中的e­mail可知，这里指看到老师的“短信(note)”。8．A.old B．tiredC．lonely D．sick解析：选D根据本空后的“sheneededanewkidney(肾)”可知，老师“病了(sick)”。9．A.Immediately B．SuddenlyC．Generally D．Finally解析：选A老师病了，作者自然要“马上(Immediately)”采取行动。10．A.teachers B．colleaguesC．students D．friends解析：选C根据本空前的also可推测，跟作者一样，SherylSandberg也是Mrs.Sherman的“学生(students)”。11．A.partner B．matchC．connection D．target解析：选B根据本段中的“thepotentialdonor”可推测，作者的一个读者可能是“配对者(match)”。12．A.surprised B．satisfiedC．interested D．excited解析：选D找到了志愿捐献者，作者自然很“激动(excited)”。13