2019年英语新外研必修五讲义Module4SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.costumen．服装；戏装；化装服2.hidevt.掩藏；躲藏3.pretendvi.假装4.revivevt.复兴；再兴起；再流行5.bookvt.预订6.wandervi.漫步；闲逛Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.confusionn．杂乱；混乱→confusevt.使……混乱→confusingadj.令人困惑的→confusedadj.困惑的2.extendvt.延长→extensionn．延长；扩大3.empiren．帝国→emperorn．皇帝4.memoryn．记忆→memorizevt.记住；熟记5.elegantadj.优美的；高雅的→elegantlyadv.高雅地→elegancen．高雅；优美6.magicn．魅力；魔力→magicaladj.有魔力的，魔术的1.revivevt.复兴；再兴起；再流行[记法]re­(再次)＋vive(life生命)→revive(复兴)[联想]①reviewn．&vt.评论；复习；复查；检验②survivev．幸存，幸免于；比……活得长2.bookvt.预订[同义]orderv．订货；订购[词块]①bookaticket/seat订票/订座②orderameal订餐3.wandervi.漫步；闲逛[比较]wonderv．想知道n．奇观[串记]Shewaswanderingaboutthehouse,wonderingifhe’dliketocometodinner.她在房子里走来走去，想知道他是否愿意来吃晚饭。4.extendvt.延长[记法]ex­表示“出”“外”“由……中弄出”＋end(末端)[联想]ex­前缀高频词集锦①expandv．扩张，扩大②explorev．勘察；探索③exportv．出口④explodev．爆炸二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.comeout出来；出版2．dressup装扮；打扮3．originatefrom起源于4．cometoanend完结；结束5．onend连续地6．insecret秘密地7．dateback_to/from追溯到8．becrowdedwith挤满9．takeoff脱掉10．comeoff脱落；脱离1.havefun玩得高兴2．attheendofthewinterseason冬季末3．forweeksonend一连几周4．gounpunished没受惩罚5．atnight晚上6．breakthelaw违反法律7．oprison把某人送进监狱8．uptotwoyears长达两年9．inthelate1970s在20世纪70年代后期10．havenoidea不知道三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。此句含有“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的结构，它相当于“条件/时间状语从句＋主句”。Do_more_practice,_andyou’llsoonbeskilledinit.多做些练习，不久你就会很熟练的。2.Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。句中as表示“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句。As_children_get_older,_theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthethingsaroundthem.随着年龄的增长，孩子们对他们周围的事物变得越来越感兴趣了。3.Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。本句为并列句，由并列连词while连接，while表示对比、转折，意为“而，然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhile_others_don’t_have_enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。1．(教材P31)Haveyoueverdressedupinspecialclothes?你曾经用特别的衣服打扮过自己吗？dressup装扮；打扮；穿上盛装dressupas装扮成……bedressedin穿着dressoneself/sb.给自己/某人穿衣服dresswell穿着得体①MrGreendressedupasapolicemanindarkglasses.格林先生装扮成一名戴墨镜的警察。②Thegirlwhoisdressedinredismydaughter.那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。③Themanwearingablackjacketis_dressing_the_boy.穿黑夹克衣服的人正在给那个男孩穿衣服。2．(教材P32)TheoriginalVenicecarnivalcametoanendabout200yearsago.最初的威尼斯狂欢节大约在200年前结束了。cometoanend完结；终结；结束bring/put...toanend＝bring/putanendto...结束……makeendsmeet使收支相抵，量入为出onend连续地；竖立着endupdoingsth.结果做了某事endwith以……结束endupin结果(处于……境地)①AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Allfeastsmustcometoanend.”就如中国俗话所说：“天下无不散的筵席。”②TheUNistoputanendtothedisputebetweenthetwocountries.联合国将要结束这两国之间的争端。③Youshouldlearntosaveandmake_ends_meet.你应该学会节约，做到收支平衡。④Theplayissosuccessfulthatithasrunforyearsonend.这出戏非常成功，连演几年。⑤Ifyoudon’teatless,you’llenduplooking(look)likeawhale!如果你不少吃些，你最终会使自己看起来像一条鲸鱼！3．(教材P32)Ifyouwearthis,ithidesyourfaceandyourfeelings.如果你戴上它，就会掩藏你的脸和你的情绪。hidev．掩藏；躲藏；隐瞒n．隐蔽处，藏身处(1)hidesth.fromsb.向某人隐瞒某事hide...behind/under/in...把……隐藏到……后面/下面/里面hideaway把……隐藏(2)hiddenadj.隐藏的；秘密的①Hetriedtohidehisfeelingsevenfromhisfriends.他设法不在朋友的面前流露出自己的感情。②Irunswiftlyupthestairsandhidebehindmybed.我快速跑上楼，躲在我的床后。③Thereisahidden(hide)worldbehindtheoneweallsee,forallofus.在我们所有人看到的世界背后都有一个隐秘的世界，为我们所有人所不知。[名师点津]hiding和hidden作定语意思不同：ahidingplace“一个藏身处”；ahiddenplace“一个秘密/隐蔽的地方”。4．(教材P32)PeoplesawCarnivalasalastchancetohavefunattheendofthewinterseason.人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。see...as把……当作；把……看作①Weshouldseefailureasthewaytosuccess.我们应当把失败看作是通往成功的道路。②AfterhehadbeeninprisonPeterwasregardedastheblacksheepofthefamily.彼得坐过牢之后，被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。③Americais_considered(consider)asthelandofopportunity.美国被看成是一个充满机遇的国度。④Hiscolleaguesthinkofhimasapossiblefuturedirector.他的同事认为他有可能是未来的董事。5．(教材P32)Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。extendv．延长；延伸①Theheadmasterextendedourholidaybyfourdays.校长把我们的假期延长了四天。②Thecordhas_been_extended(extend)betweentwobamboopoles.在两根竹竿之间拉起了一根绳子。[辨析比较]extend,expand,spread,stretchextend“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长expand“展开，扩大”，仅指尺寸、数量的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大spread“展开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大范围的传播，如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长选用以上单词填空③Carlsatupinbed,yawnedandstretched.④Newsoftheexplosionspreadswiftly.⑤Thepopulationofthetownexpandedrapidlyinthepasttenyears.⑥Heextendedhishandtothenewemployee.6．(教材P32)Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。pretendvi.假装pretendtodosth.假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth.假装做过某事pretend(that)...假装……①Shewouldopenabook,pretendingtoread,withtearsdroppingontheopenpage.她会打开书本，假装阅读，眼泪滴到打开的纸张上。②Theboypretendedto_be_doing(do)hishomeworkwhenhismothercamein.他妈妈进来时，那个男孩假装正在做作业。③Shepretendedto_have_worked(work)onthetext,butshehadnot.她假装学过了这篇课文，其实根本没有。④Ihadbeenlyingtomyself,pretending_thateverythingwasfine.我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切都顺利。[名师点津]pretend后面跟动词不定式作宾语，不跟动词­ing形式。7．(教材P33)Theirusewaslimitedbylaws,thefirstofwhichdatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.它们(面具)的使用受到法律的限制，最早的法律条文可追溯到14世纪。datebackto＝datefrom始于……；追溯到(一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态)①ThehistoryofthepyramidsinEgyptdatesbacktoabout3,000BC.埃及金字塔的历史大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。②PapermakinginChinadates(date)backtoabout200BC.中国大约在公元前200年就开始造纸了。③ThehistoryoftheGreatWallcandate_back_to/date_fromtheQinDynasty.长城的历史可以追溯到秦朝。[辨析比较]datebackto,datebackdatebackto相当于datefrom/gobackto，后面接时间点，意为“追溯到”，经常用现在分词短语形式作后置定语或状语dateback相当于goback，后面接时间段，意为“追溯，上溯”[语境串记]Thehistoryoftheirfamilydatesbackhundredsofyears,andthehousewheretheylivedatesbacktothe18thcentury.他们的家族已有几百年的历史，并且他们住的房子建于18世纪。8．(教材P33)Finally,whenVenicebecamepartoftheAustrianempire,attheendoftheeighteenthcentury,maskswerebannedcompletely,andcarnivalbecamejustamemory.最后，在18世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节只成为一个记忆。memoryn．记忆(1)haveagood/badmemoryforsth.对某事物记忆力好/差inmemoryof/tothememoryof为了纪念(已故的某人)(2)memorizev.记住，记忆memorialadj.纪念的，悼念的n.纪念碑①IhaveagoodmemorysoIlearnmorequicklythanothers.我记忆力很好，因此学起来比别人快一些。②Themuseumwasbuiltin_memory_of/to_the_memory_ofthefamousscientist.这座博物馆是为了纪念这位著名的科学家而建立的。③Ithinkitimportantto_memorize(memory)wordsandphrases.我认为记忆单词和词组非常重要。9．(教材P33)Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.旅店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上挤满了身着华美服饰的人。bookvt.预订(票、座位等)①IhavebookedtwoseatsforthetheatreonSaturday.我预订了两张星期六的戏票。②I’vebooked_a_table_for_twoattherestauranttonight.今晚我在这家饭店预订了两个人的桌子。[辨析比较]book,order,reservebook意为“预订(票、座位等)”order意为“订货，订购”，常用作及物动词；还可以意为“点菜(饭、酒、饮料等)”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词reserve一般作“预留”讲，多用于房间、座位等的预订，不用预先付款选用以上单词填空③Willyoupromisetoreservethegoodsforus?④Therearenoshirtsleftinthissizebutwecouldorderoneforyou.⑤Lauriesaidshehadbookedherselfaflighthomelastnight.10．(教材P33)Asyouwanderthroughthestreets,youseethousandsofmasks—elegantorfrightening,sadoramusing,traditionalormodern...当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具——高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的或时尚的……wander(1)vi.漫步；闲逛；游荡；走神；(思想)开小差wanderabout/around游荡，徘徊wanderthrough穿过wanderoff/from偏离(正道)；迷路；走散①I’lljustwanderaroundthemallforhalfanhour.我要在商场闲逛半个小时。②Theriverwandersthroughsomebeautifulcountry.这条河蜿蜒曲折地流经一些美丽的乡村。③Youmightwander_fromthesubjectifyoudon’tpaycloseattention.如果你不认真的话，会离题的。(2)n.[C]漫步，闲逛，徘徊④Iwenttotheparkandhadawanderaround.我去公园转了一圈。[名师点津]wonder“想知道，惊讶，奇迹”和wander仅一个字母之差，使用时注意不要混淆。形象记忆Hewaswanderingaroundthepyramid,wonderinghowonearththiswonderwasbuilt.他在金字塔四周徘徊，想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。11．(教材P33)Nobodytakesthemoff.没有人摘下面具。takeoff脱掉，除掉；起飞；休假；开始走红，成功；匆匆离开[一词多义]写出下列句中takeoff的含义①Theplanewasnoticedtotakeoffatsixo’clock.起飞②Iforgottotakeoffmymake­uplastnight.除掉③Herbusinesshasreallytakenoff.成功④I’mtakingMondayofftogotoLondon.休假takeback收回takedown写下，记下takein吸收；欺骗takeon雇用；承担takeover接管；接替takeup占用；继续⑤I’msorry,ItakebackwhatIsaid.对不起，我收回我说过的话。⑥Wefinditdifficulttotakeinwhatheteaches.我们发现他教的东西很难理解。12．(教材P33)Ifthemaskscomeoff,themagicislost.如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。comeoff脱落，脱离，分开；实现，成功comeabout发生comeacross偶遇；偶然发现；被理解comeback回来；复原；恢复comedown倒下；跌落；传下来comeup走近；长出；升起；出现；被提出①I’vetriedtocleanit,butthedirtwon’tcomeoff.我试着把它洗干净，但这块污渍洗不掉。②Howdiditcome_aboutthatshewaslateforclass?她怎么会上课迟到了呢？③NeverhaveIcome_acrosssuchadifficultproblem.我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。1．Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。此句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，它相当于“条件/时间状语从句＋主句”。本句相当于“Whenyouthinkofcarnival,youthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.”。(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构中，and表示顺承关系，意为“那么，就”。①Comeearlytomorrow,andyou’llbeontimeforthemeeting.＝Ifyoucomeearlytomorrow,you’llbeontimeforthemeeting.明天早点来，你就能准时参加会议。(2)与“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”类似的三种结构(1)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句or/otherwise表示“否则”，前后之间是转折关系。(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句名词词组相当于祈使句，常带有more,another等。(3)祈使句＋破折号＋祈使句或者陈述句破折号起到递进或附加说明的作用。②Hurryup,or/otherwiseyouwillbelate.快点，否则你会迟到的。③Abitmoreeffort,andyou’llsucceed.再努力一点，你就会成功。④Domeafavour—inviteMarytomyparty.帮我一个忙——邀请玛丽参加我的晚会。2．Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。句中as表示“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句。①TheChinesepeoplearekeeneronvolunteerservicesandcharityasChinaisbecomingmoreprosperous.随着中国愈加繁荣，中国人民愈加热衷于志愿服务和慈善事业。as的其他用法：(1)“依照，按照”，引导方式状语从句。②Leavethepapersastheyare.别动那些文件。(2)“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。③As_you_weren’t_there,_Ileftamessage.因为你不在那里，所以我留了个信儿。(3)“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，相当于though。④Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldn’topenthebox.虽然他想尽了办法，也没有打开这个箱子。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Keepontrying,andyou’llsucceedsoonerorlater.2．WhenItoldherthenews,shepretendedto_have_known(know)it.3．Theirbusinesshas_been_extended(extend)intoEuropeancountriesinthelastfewyears.4．Sheandherfamilyhad_hidden(hide)awayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered.5．Iwas_wandering(wander)throughthestreetwhenIheardacryforhelp.6．Ifwehad_booked(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.7．ChildrendressupasSupermentodrawadults’attention.8．It’shottoday,soyou’dbettertakeoffyourcoat.9．Themeetingisseenasthefirststeptowardsgreaterunitybetweentheparties.10．Anumberofquestionscameupatthemeeting.Ⅱ.单句改错1．ThetowerdatedfromtheWarringStatesiswellworthvisiting.dated→dating2．Withtimepassed,thingsseemedtogetworse.With→As或passed→passing3．Theaudiencekeptquiettilltheconcertcametoend,whentheygaveabigapplause.to后加an4．Whenheplayedwiththenewtoy,alotofthepaintcameout.out→off5．Theywillbuildamonumentasmemoryofthenationalheroes.as→in一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词1．Wehavebookedtwotablesatourfavouriterestaurantthisafternoon.2．Hepretendedthathewasillsothathecouldstayathome.3．IntheTorchFestival,theYipeopledancedintheirnationalcostumes.4．Hesearchedhismemorybutcouldn’trecallwherehe’dseenherbefore.5．Afterbreakingoutofjail,hehidhimselffromthepoliceinadesertedfarmhouse.6．Superstitions(迷信)haverecentlybeenrevived(使再流行)insomepartsofthecountry.7．Youcouldfeelthemagic(魅力)ofShakespeare’spoetry.8．Theguestsweredeeplyimpressedwiththegirl’selegant(优雅的)manners.9．Themainstemwillextend(延长)toaround12ft,iflefttodevelopnaturally.10．Hisyoungersisterstoppedinconfusion(困惑)whenweturnedtolookather.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Listencarefully,or/otherwiseyou’llmisssomethingimportant.2．Shepretendedto_be_listening(listen)carefully,butinfacthermindhasalreadywanderedaway.3．Beforetheperformance,theteacherswerebusydressingupthesechildrenaslittlewhiterabbits.4．WeallknowthattheGreatWalldatesfromthethirdcenturyB．C.5．Astimewentby,theboycametorealizehismistakes.6．Ilikecoffeewithcreamwhileheprefersblackcoffee.Ⅲ.选词填空dressup，onend，datebackto，cometoanend，putintoprison，insecret，wanderaround，comeoff1．HerstayintheUSwascoming_to_an_endandshewasthinkingaboutgoinghome.2．Shedidn’tdress_upandwenttothepartyassheusedto.3．Thetwoyoungloversdecidedtomarryin_secret,_andtheydidsotheverynextday.4．Cornpriceswillremainhighformonthson_end.5．Duringthewar,Marcowasthecaptainofawarshipbutwascaughtbytheenemyandput_into_prison.6．Thetraditionalfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriesdates_back_toancientdays.7．WhenItriedtoliftthekettle,thehandlecame_offinmyhand.8．WhenIwaswandering_aroundmycampus,someonepattedmeontheshoulder.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Thinkofcarnival,1.andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.“Carnival”comesfromtwoLatinwords,2.meaning(mean)“nomoremeat”.PeoplesawCarnivalasalastchance3.to_have(have)funattheendofthewinterseason.ThemostfamouscarnivalinEuropewasinVenice.Forweeks4.onend,peoplewearingmasksdidwhattheywantedwithout5.being_recognised(recognise),sothatmanycrimeswentunpunished.Thegovernmentrealisedthisproblemandmadelaws6.to_solve(solve)it.Mpletely(complete).Butin8.thelate1970sthetraditionwasrevivedbystudents.Today,carnivalinVenice9.is_celebrated(celebrate)forfivedaysinFebruary.Asyouwanderthroughthestreets,youseethousandsofmasks.However,nobodytakesthemoff.Ifthemaskscome10.off,_themagicislost.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达晚饭后当朱莉娅(Julia)在家附近的小路上漫步(wanderaround)时，她想起了两年前的一次聚会。所有人都为这次盛大的聚会乔装打扮(dressup)，戴着各式面具。他们装作(pretend)互不相识，尽情享乐(havefun)。聚会直到午夜才结束(cometoanend)。When_Julia_was_wandering_around_the_path_near_her_home_after_supper,_she_thought_of_a_party_held_two_years_ago,_for_which_all_people_dressed_up,_wearing_different_masks._They_pretended_not_to_have_met_each_other_before,_having_fun_as_much_as_possible._The_party_didn’t_come_to_an_end_until_midnight.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Imetamanyesterdayanddidn’tgethisname.Ourmeetingseemedtobe__1__bysomethingunknown.Hewasa(n)__2__man.Hishairwastotallywhiteandhisbackwasbent.Ididn’tseehimatfirst.Idecidedtosearchfortheowner__3__Ifoundaverywornandoldwoodenwalkingstick,whichwashangingoutsideofashoppingcart.Ilookedaroundand__4__outtoamanwhowaswalkingaway.I__5__itwashis.Itwas.Andhereturned__6__togetit.Ashortdistancecosthimalongtime.Iwasinafriendly__7__tostartaconversation.Thatwaswhenthestorybetweenusbegan.Istoodoutsidethesupermarketwithhimfor10minutesjust__8__.Andthatwasallhewanted—tobeheardandto__9__hisstory.Istoodtherefeelinghis__10__overlosinghisfirstwifeduringchildbirthtohisonlysonandlaterhisjoysof__11__thissononhisownaswellastravelingtheworld.He__12__foundhistrueloveandmarriedachildhoodsweetheart,hissecondwife.Heisvery__13__thathehasanintact(完整的)familynow.Attheendofourtalk,thismanheldmyhands,lookedmeintheeyeand__14__thankedme.Andthenhe__15__andwalkedaway.Ashewalkedaway,astrongfeeling__16__me.AndIseemedtoheara__17__inmymindthattoldmehewaspeacefulnow.Strangersareneverstrangers__18__youopenyourhearttothem.Oftentheydressuplike__19__，waitingtoblessyouortobeblessed.YesterdayIwas__20__—Anangeltothisman,yetatthesametime,blessedbyhim.语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在超市外偶遇一位陌生老人并倾听他的故事，陌生老人对作者心存感激，从而引发作者的一番感慨——只要敞开心扉，愿意倾听，陌生人也可以变成朋友。1．A.rangedB．arrangedC．madeD．united解析：选B根据语境可知，作者遇见了一位老人，但不知道他的名字，他们的相遇就像冥冥之中被安排好的一样。故答案选“arranged”。2．A.poorB．elderlyC．strongD．handsome解析：选B根据下文“Hishairwastotallywhiteandhisbackwasbent”可知这是一位年迈的老人。故答案选“elderly”。3．A.beforeB．untilC．whenD．but解析：选C当我发现一根拐杖时，我决定去找到它的主人。故答案选“when”。4．A.wentB．calledC．brokeD．worked解析：选B作者看到一个老人就叫了他一声。故答案选“called”。5．A.decidedB．rememberedC．guessedD．suggested解析：选C根据语境可知，作者只是猜测那根拐杖是那位老人的，结果的确是。故答案选“guessed”。6．A.casuallyB．angrilyC．proudlyD．slowly解析：选D根据上下文，他已年迈，很短的一段路都费了他不少时间，所以是慢慢地走。故答案选“slowly”。7．A.stationB．situationC．moodD．condition解析：选C根据下文可知，作者表现出乐意(有心情)与这位老人交谈的样子。故答案选“mood”。8．A.listeningB．watchingC．laughingD．speaking解析：选A根据下文“tobeheard”等信息可知，全程我都是在倾听这位老人讲述自己的经历。故答案选“listening”。9．A.remar