2019年英语新外研必修五讲义Module3SectionⅢGrammar-复习动词形式（Ⅲ）

Section_ⅢGrammar—复习动词形式(Ⅲ)语法图解探究发现①Thelightmovedandasurprisedfacelookedout.②Themanaskedustofollowhimonourraftandweallwentbacktothesteamboat.③Laterhebecameajournalistandbeganwritingstoriesaboutlifeontheriver.④Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.⑤ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,andwefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.⑥Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.⑦Idon'twanttoboardasinkingship.⑧Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.⑨Itlooksasifit'llgoundersoon.⑩AlthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltcurious.⑪Shekeptsilent.⑫Edisonfinallybecameagreatinventor.[我的发现](1)①～⑧句中的黑体部分分别在句中作什么成分？①⑥⑦作定语；②④⑤作宾补；③⑧作宾语。(2)⑫句中的系动词为became，表语是名词；eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))句中有两个系动词；⑩⑪句中的表语都是形容词；⑨句中的系动词为looks，表语是as_if引导的从句。本模块重点复习不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法、动词­ing形式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法、动词­ed形式和动词­ing形式作定语和表语的用法以及连系动词的用法。一、不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法1．不定式作宾语(1)常见的只能用不定式作宾语的动词有want,hope,wish,offer，fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.当我进来时，她假装没有看见我。[名师点津]如果作宾语的不定式还带有自己的补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(不定式)置于宾语补足语之后。常见的词有find,feel,make,consider等。IfounditinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语很有趣。(2)不定式作介词but和except(除了)的宾语。如果but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式要省略to，反之不省。另外，“疑问词＋不定式”常作介词的宾语。Ihavenothingtodobutsithere.除了坐在这里我无事可做。Hehasnochoicebuttostayhere.他除了待在这里，别无选择。[即时演练1]完成句子①Whatdoyouplan_to_doduringtheholidays?你打算在假期里做什么？②Hepromised_to_turn_overanewleafandstudyharder.他保证重新开始，更加努力地学习。③Theyhavedecided_to_gototheseasidefortheirholidays.他们决定去海边度假。2．不定式作宾语补足语(1)后跟不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：force,beg,allow,wish,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,permit,warn等。变为被动语态后，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。Myparentsdidn'tallowmetosmoke.我父母不允许我吸烟。Peter,myEnglishteacher,alwaysencouragesustostudyhard.我的英语老师彼得总是鼓励我们要努力学习。(2)下列动词(短语)后的宾语补足语的不定式常省略“to”，请牢记下面的口诀：吾(五)看三室(使)一厅(听)see,lookat,notice,watch,observe;let,have,make;hearIoftenhearhimsingthatsong.我经常听到他唱那首歌。Isawhimplayinthepark.我看见他在公园里玩。[名师点津]这种句子变成被动语态时，省掉的动词不定式符号“to”需要还原。Heisoftenheardtosingthatsong.人们经常听到他唱那首歌。(3)后跟“tobe＋形容词”作宾语补足语的常见动词有：find,think,consider,expect,believe,suppose,know,understand等。Ineverexpectedhimtobesodetermined.我从没料到他是如此坚决。[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Trytopersuadehimto_come(come)．②Thedoctoradvisedmeto_take(take)moreexercise.③Hisjokemadeuslaugh(laugh)ourheadsoff.④Someonewasheardto_come(come)upthestairs.⑤Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.二、动词­ing形式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法1．动词­ing形式作宾语跟v.­ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考虑),delay,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate等。IenjoywatchingTV.Whataboutyou?我喜欢看电视。你呢？2．动词­ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语(1)有些动词的宾语既可以是不定式也可以是动词­ing形式，动词接这两种形式的宾语意义差别很大。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘记要做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.记得要做某事,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做某事,trydoingsth.尝试做某事))—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—No,Idon'tregretquarrellingwithhim.——你应该向你的兄弟道歉。——不，我不后悔与他吵架。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你你被开除了。(2)require,want,need表示“需要”时，后接动词­ing形式的主动形式和不定式的被动式作宾语时，所表达的意义一样。Themachineneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这机器需要修理了。[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Heisconsideringbuying(buy)anewhouse.②Youngpeoplemayriskgoing(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.③Imeantto_go(go),butmyfatherdidn'tallowmeto.④Rememberto_tell(tell)himthenewswhenhecomesback.⑤Irememberreturning(return)thebooktothelibrarylastweek.2．动词­ing形式作宾语补足语后跟动词­ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：see，hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,get,have,leave等。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让车在门口等着。Ithinkithardtogettheoldmantalking.我认为让这个老人开口说话很难。[名师点津]感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以hear为例：eq\a\vs4\al(hear＋,宾语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing听见……正做……,do听见……做了……))\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone听见……正在被做,done听见……被做))\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Iheardagirlsingingupstairs.我听到一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。(表示一个主动、正在进行的动作)Iheardagirlsingupstairs.我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。(强调唱歌的事实)Iheardthesongbeingsung.我听到有人正在唱这首歌。(表示一个被动、正在进行的动作)Iheardthesongsung.我听到有人唱过这首歌。(表示一个被动、完成的动作)[即时演练4]翻译句子①昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调看见了他干活这一事实)I_saw_him_work_in_the_garden_yesterday.②昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调看见他正在干活这一动作)I_saw_him_working_in_the_garden_yesterday.③我在超市购物时看到一位女士的包被抢了。(强调被动)I_saw_a_woman_robbed_of_her_bag_when_I_went_shopping_in_the_supermarket.三、动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作定语的用法1．动词­ing形式作定语与被修饰词之间是主动或进行关系；动词­ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间是被动或完成关系。Look!Theyounggirlchattingwithourteacherismysister.看！那个和我们老师聊天的年轻女孩是我姐姐。Thisisthemoneycollectedfortheproject.这是为这个项目募集到的钱。2．某些具有使动意义的动词­ed形式表示心理感受或心理状态，常被译作“感到……的”，常修饰人或表示人的声音、嗓音或表情等。而其­ing形式常表示事物的性质特征，常译作“令人感到……的，令人……的”，常修饰物。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(excitedchildren兴奋的孩子们,excitingstories令人兴奋的故事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(afrightenedlook一个害怕的表情,afrighteninglook一个令人害怕的表情))[即时演练5](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Tomhadanunusualandinteresting(interest)life.②Thefrightened(frighten)childrenwerecallingfortheirmothers.③Therewasasurprisedlookonhisfacewhenhesawthesurprisingscene.(surprise)(2)单句改错①Theboyreadabookbytheriverisveryexcellent.read→reading②Sheisateacherlovingbyallthestudents.loving→loved③Youcannotacceptanopinionofferingtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offering→offered四、动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作表语的用法动词­ing形式作表语表示主语的性质；动词­ed形式作表语表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受。Themusicismuchpleasingtotheear.这段音乐非常悦耳。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他们对现在的工作很满意。[即时演练6]完成句子①Whatyouhavesaidis_disappointing(令人失望)．②Iam_disappointed(失望的)aboutwhatyouhavedone.③ThesceneintheTVplayis_touching(令人感动)．④Theywere_touched(受感动的)bythesceneaftertheysawtheTVplay.五、连系动词1．用法连接主语和表语(表示主语身份、性质、状态)，连系动词后一般可跟名词、形容词等作表语。2．分类(1)状态系动词：beTheseshoesaretootightforme.这双鞋我穿太小。(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。Heremainedsingleallhislife.他一辈子单身。Pleasestayseated.请继续坐着。(3)表象系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那名医生似乎很能干。Heappearedquitewell.他看起来身体很棒。(4)感官系动词：表示“……起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。Themeatsmellsterrible.这肉闻起来很难闻。Themusicsoundsnice,doesn'tit?这音乐听起来很好听，不是吗？(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大了。She'sgrowingfat.她正在长胖。(6)终止系动词：主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。Hisstoryprovedtrue.＝Hisstoryprovedtobetrue.他的故事证明是真的。[即时演练7](1)完成句子①Ourgrandmotherlooks_very_worriedtoday.今天奶奶看上去很担心。②Healwayskeeps_silentatthemeeting.他总是在会议上保持沉默。③Thiskindofclothfeels_very_soft.这种布摸起来很软。(2)翻译句子①随着年龄的增长，我们也变得更聪明了。(get)We_get_wiser_as_we_get_older.②她最后成了一位著名的歌唱家。(become)She_finally_became_a_famous_singer.③她的计划证明是成功的。(turnout)Her_plan_turned_out_(to_be)_a_success.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2．Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowing(borrow)moneyfromhimyesterdaywhenIsawhimtodaysoIforgotto_return(return)themoneytohim.3．Iregrettedto_tell(tell)himthathehadbeenlaidoff.Tomysurprise,hesaidtome,“Iamnotsad.Ionlyregrettaking/having_taken(take)upthewrongjob.”4．Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneedscutting/to_be_cut(cut)．5．Tom'sparentsdonotallowTomto_go(go)swimming.6．Theywon'tallowusing(use)mobilephonesinclass.7．Hethinksitnousearguing(argue)withTom,becausehewillneverchangehismind.8．Iheldthelittlebirdinmyhandandfeltitsheartbeating(beat)．9．Whydoyouhavethewaterrunning(run)allthetime?10．Isthereanythingyouwantfromtown?I'mgoingtogetmysonto_drive(drive)methere.Ⅱ.根据提示词完成句子1．Visitorsare_not_permitted_to_enter_the_parkafterdark.(permit)游客不允许在天黑后进入公园。2．Theangrymanlooks_mad.(look)那个怒气冲冲的人看起来疯了。3．Hepassedbyuswithout_greeting_us.(without)没有向我们打招呼他就从我们旁边过去了。4．Sheimagi