2023年职称英语考试理工类C概括大意训练题

第页共页2023年职称英语考试理工类C概括大意训练题2023年职称英语考试理工类C概括大意训练题WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage(1)Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.WashoehadbeeknowninthescientificmunityandaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.(2)ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardnersdescribedWashoe'sprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstandabout250words.Forexle,Washoemadesignstomunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,“Whoisingtoplay?”OncethenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirownintothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.(3)However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennowtherearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe'skeepersdisagree.RogerFoursisaformerstudentoftheGardners.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.(4)ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelieveWashoeprovidednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees.Today,therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Partofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.(5)Debatecontinuesaboutchimps'understandingofhumanmunication.Yet,onethingissure--Washoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilitiesofanimalintelligence.23.Paragraph1__________24.Paragraph2__________25.Paragraph3__________26.Paragraph4__________A.ReasonwhynotmanyscientistscarryoutthisresearchnowadaysB.ReportaboutWashoe'sprogressinleamingsignlanguageC.GeneralinformationaboutWashoeD.TheGardeners'contributionsrecognizedE.Debateonchimps'intelligenceF.Washoe'sloveforthreeyoungchimps27.Washoecouldmakesignstomunicate__________.28.Somescientistsdoubted29.Washoetaughtthreeyoungerchimpssignlanguage30.TheexperimentersthoughtWashoewasintelligent__________A.iftheGardeners'argumentwassoundB.becauseshewasclevererthanotherchimpsC.whenshewantedtoeatD.whileshewasataresearchcenterinEllensburgE.becauseshecouldusesignlanguagetoaskforfruitsF.whileWashoewaslearningsignlanguage答案与解析：23.C。第一段主要介绍黑猩猩Washoe的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等情况。用GeneralInformationaboutWashoe来概括是很准确的。24.B。第二段的关键句是：“In1969，theGardnersdescribedWashoe’sprogressinascientificreport.”随后的句子简单介绍了Washoe的学习情况和结果，如已学会250个单词，并能用手语表达“该吃饭了”等概念。所以选项B是正确答案。25.E。第三段介绍了对Gardener夫妇发表的报告的两种不同的解读。一派认为Washoe的手语才能只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质鼓励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是Washoe还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的.焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项E用debate来概括上述争论，很恰当。26.A。第四段解释了为什么如今从事这项研究的科学家人数不多，局部原因是由于研究周期太长，所以答案为A。27.C。题干：Washoe能通过手势来交流__________。利用题干【关键词】：^p可以定位到第二段第四句，由该句可知答案为C。28.A。题干：有些科学家疑心__________。利用题干【关键词】：^p可以定位到第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对Gardener夫妇的实验的解读所持疑心态度。题干中出现的doubted引导我们选A。29.D。题干：Washoe__________教三只年幼的黑猩猩标志语言。利用题干【关键词】：^p可以定位到第三段的最后两句，即“HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensbur9，Washington.There，Washoetaughtsignlanguage