中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

中考初中英语常用构词法归纳词汇的分类和构词法一、复习要点阐述我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。二、要点复习的策略及技巧（一）英语的词类英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。分类词类英语名称句子成分例词全称简称实词名词nounn.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补足语Lily莉莉（女孩名），childhood童年，hair头发，visitor访问者，beauty漂亮代词pronounpron.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语I我，we我们，their他（她、它）们的，none没有一个，which哪一个，who谁，whatever无论什么数词numeralnum.主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补足语one一个，ninth第九，60%百分之六十形容词adjectivea.或adj.表语、定语、状语、补足语clever聪明的，pretty漂亮的，popular流行的，interesting有趣的副词adverbad.或adv.表语、状语、补足语curiously好奇地，bravely勇敢地，straight径直地，hard努力地动词verbv.谓语decide决定，like喜欢，borrow借，change改变虚词冠词articleart.a,an不定冠词，the定冠词介词prepositionprep.in在……里，before在……前面，beyond超过、在……外面连词conjunctionconj.and同、和、与，when当……时候，until直到……为止，if如果，once一旦感叹词interjectionint.oh啊、噢，ah啊，aha啊哈，alas啊呀，hurrah好哇从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。（二）构词法语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun,man,head,foot,fish,see,run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。1.合成法合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。1)名词+名词→名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book(书)+shop(商店)→bookshop书店book(书)+store(商店)→bookstore书店house(房子)+work(劳动)→housework家务劳动home(家庭)+work(工作)→homework家庭作业2)形容词+名词→名词black(黑色的)+board(木板)→blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→Englishman英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者)→loudspeaker扬声器3)动词的-ing形式＋名词diningroom餐厅drinkingwater饮用水sewingmachine缝纫机runningwater自来水washingmachine洗衣机writingdesk写字桌walkingstick拐杖writingpaper信纸4)名词＋动词的-ing形式shoe-making制作鞋子letter-writing写信handwriting书法dressmaking做裙子story-telling讲故事centralheating中央供暖注意：合成词的构成方式有3种：①词与词之间加连字符“-”；②词与词合成一个词；③词与词分开；3)介词+名词→名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午)→afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground(地面)→underground地下的4)名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做)→man-made人造的5)名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的)→glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心)→kind-hearted好心的6)副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边)→inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯)→downstairs在楼下2.派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：1)动词或形容词+er/or→名词write(v.)写→writer(n.)作者travel(v.)旅行→traveler(n.)旅客foreign(adj.)外国的→foreigner(n.)外国人invent(v.)发明→inventor(n.)发明家visit(v.)参观→visitor(n.)参观者2)动词+(t)ion/sion→名词invent(v.)发明→invention(n.)发明operate(v.)做手术→operation(n.)手术decide(v.)决定→decision(n.)决定attend(v.)注意/参加→attention(n.)注意3)动词+ing/ed→名词或形容词buildv.建筑→buildingn.建筑物interestv.使感兴趣→interesting/interestedadj.有趣的pleasev.使高兴→pleasedadj.高兴的4)名词+ese→名词和形容词China(n.)中国→Chinese(n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的Japan(n.)日本→Japanese(n.)日本人(adj.)日语的5)名词或动词+ful→形容词help(n.)帮助→helpful(adj)有帮助的use(n.)使用→useful(adj.)有用的6)动词+able→形容词enjoy(v.)喜欢→enjoyable(adj.)有趣的forget(v.)忘记→forgettable(adj.)容易被忘的7)名词+en→形容词wool(n.)羊毛→woolen(adj.)羊毛的wood(n.)木材→wooden(adj.)木制的8)名词+y→形容词sun(n.)太阳→sunny(adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud(n.)云→cloudy(adj.)多云的luck(n.)运气→lucky(adj.)运气好的noise(n.)响声→noisy(adj.)喧闹的smell(n.)味道,气味→smelly(adj.)有使人难受的气味的,臭的9)形容词+ly→副词happy(adj)高兴的→happily(adv.)高兴地wide(adj.)宽广的→widely(adv.)宽广地10)形容词+ness→名词good(adj.)好的→goodness(n.)好意kind(adj.)善良的→kindness(n.)和蔼happy(adj.)开心的→happiness(n.)开心11)名词+ly→形容词friend(n.)朋友→friendly(adj.)友好的love(n.)爱→lovely(adj.)可爱的12)名词+less→形容词(词义与加ful相反)care+less→careless(adj.)粗心的help+less→helpless(adj.)无助的13)名词+al→形容词nation(n.)民族→nationaladj.国家的education(n.)教育→educationaladj.教育性的tradition(n.)传统→traditionaladj.传统的14)名词+ist→名词science(n.)科学→scientist(n.)科学家piano(n.)钢琴→pianist(n.)钢琴家tour(n.)旅游,观光旅行→tourist(n.)旅行者，观光客15)动词+ment→名词develop(v.)发展→development(n.)发展agree(v.)同意→agreement(n.)同意，一致,协议argue(v.)争论，辩论→argument(n.)争吵;论据16)形容词+ity→名词able(adj.)能够的→ability(n.)能力，才能possible(adj.)可能的→possibility(n.)可能性real(adj.)真的,真实的→reality(n.)现实,实际,真实17)名词+ous→形容词danger(n.)危险→dangerous(adj.)危险的18)名词+ish→形容词fool(n.)愚人，傻瓜→foolish(adj.)愚蠢的，傻的child(n.)孩子→childish(adj.)孩子气的，幼稚的book(n.)书→bookish(adj.)书生气的19)形容词或名词+en→动词wide(adj.)广泛的,宽阔的→widen(v.)弄宽sharp(adj.)锋利的,急剧的→sharpen(v.)使...尖锐,变为锐利fright(n.)惊吓→frighten(v.)使惊吓,害怕，惊恐20)名词或形容词+ify→动词beauty(n.)美丽→beautify(v.)美化,变美,修饰simple(adj.)简单的→simplify(v.)简化,使单纯21)形容词+ize→动词real(adj.)真的，真实的→realize(v.)了解,实现,察觉;领悟memory(n.)记忆力→memorize(v.)记忆22)动词+tive→形容词act(v.)行为,行动→active(adj.)积极的,主动的attract(v.)吸引,有吸引力→attractive(adj.)有吸引力的,引起注意的23)动词+ess→名词(女性)host(v.)主持,做东→hostess(n.)女主人act(v.)行动,扮演→actress(n.)女演员wait(v.)等待,等候→waitress(n.)女侍者,女服务员前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：1)un-(不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)happy(高兴的)→unhappy(不高兴的)like(像)→unlike(不像)2)im-(不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p,b,m开头的单词前)possible(可能的)→impossible(不可能的)polite（礼貌的）→impolite（不礼貌的）3)in-(不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)Active（活跃的）→inactive（不活跃的）Complete（完全的）→incomplete不完全的4)dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)honest（诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的）agree（同意）→disagree（不同意）advantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件5)mis-(表示错误)understand（理解）→misunderstand(误解)mistake(错误)→misuse(误用)6)re-(再，重复)tell叙述→retell复述build建筑→rebuild重建write（写）→rewrite（重写）7)bi-(两个、双边的)bicolor双色的8)inter-(相互、交互、在一起)interview,international,internet9)tele-(远)telephone,television10)kilo-(千)meter米→kilometer公里，千米gram克→kilogram千克11)micro-(微，小)microwaveoven微波炉microcomputer微型电脑12)sub-(下，次，亚，准，副)subway地铁，sub-zero零度以下的，subcollege准大学程度的，subworker助手，副手，suboffice分办事处，subcompany分公司3.转化法在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。1)名词→动词rainn.雨→rainv.下雨shopn.商店→shopv.购物watern.水→waterv.浇水landn.陆地→landv.着陆namen.名字→namev.命名[注意]不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer(回答)，change(变化),fight(打架),love(爱),rest(休息),smile(微笑),shout(喊),study(学习),talk(谈话),visit(访问),wish(希望),work(工作)等。2)形容词→动词lastadj.最后的lastv.持续tidyadj.整洁的tidyv.使整洁ownadj.自己的ownv.拥有3)形容词→名词backadj.后面的backn.背部，后面lightadj.明亮的lightn.灯4)动词→名词stopv.停止stopn.车站liftv.举起liftn.电梯[注意]①词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词)usev.使用usen.用途excusev.原谅excusen.借口②词形改变的转化：livev.生活lifen.生活fillv.装满fulladj.满的savev.救safeadj.安全的enterv.进入entrancen.入口处differentadj.不同的differencen.不同之处注意：形容词---名词important—importancedifferent—difference4．缩写和简写缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。这种构词方式用得很普遍，特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。缩略法主要有如下几种。（1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。①剪切原词的开始部分bicycle—cycle自行车taxicab—cab出租车airplane/aeroplane—plane飞机telephone—phone电话②剪切原词的中间部分examination—exam考试taxicab—taxi出租车photograph—photo图片laboratory—lab实验室（2）混成法混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。breakfast＋lunch→brunch早晨和中午之间的饭smoke＋fog→smog浓烟motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆boat＋motor→botor电动船news＋broadcast→newscast新闻广播television＋broadcast→telecast电视广播cheese＋hamburger→cheeseburger放有干酪的肉饼beef＋hamburger→beefburger煎牛肉饼European＋television→Eurovision欧洲电视网词汇的分类和构词法专项练习根据句子的意义，用所给单词的正确形式填空。1．Itisoneofthehighest_______(build)inthiscity.2．LiuYutianisthefirstpersontowalkthewhole_______(long)oftheGreatWall.3．Idon’tknowhowtomaketheproblemmuch_______(easy).4．Thisbabyjusthasthree_______(tooth).5．Hewasoneofthe_______(run)whowontherace.6．Lookatthesun.Todayisa_______(sun)day.7．Thestudentsareenjoying_______(them)onthebeach.8．I’mafraidhe’smadethewrong_______(decide)onthatmatter.9．MrsBrownbecame_______(worry)whensheheardthenewsaboutherson.10．Tonygotthe_______(two)placeinthemathsexamlastmonth.11．Thereisa_______(cut)machineinthemiddleoftheworkshop.12．Thewindblew_______(heavy)ontheeveningofChristmasDay.13．Let’shaveten_______(minute)restfirst,thenwe’llgooncollectingthelitter.14．LiHuawonthefirstplaceinthesportsmeet.Heisthe_______(proud)ofourclass.15．ThreeJapanese_______(climber)weretrappedonthemountainlastTuesday.16．TheTVplayisso_______(interest)thatIwanttoseeitagain.17．Look!How_______(happy)thechildrenaredancing!18．Theroomnexttomineisalways_______(noise).19．Don’topenyourbooks.Pleasekeepthem_______(close).20．Thedictionaryisvery_______(help)tomystudy.21．I’mgoingtogivemysistersome_______(beauty)flowersforhergraduation.22．Theweatherhereisveryfine.Wehavealotof_______(sun)everyday.23．Amongallhis_______(invent),thatisthemostimportantoneinhislife.24．AformwasgivenMaggietofillinher_______(person)information.25．Chinaisa_______countrywhileAmericaisa_______country.(develop)一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1．阅读理解JustaLittleSmile

Markwaswalkinghomefromschoolonedaywhenhesawtheboyinfrontofturnfalloveranddropallofthebookshewascarrying,alongwithtwosweaters,abasketballandawalkman(随身听).Markstoppedandhelpedtheboypickupthesethings.Sincetheyweregoingthesameway,hehelpedtocarrysomeofhisthings.Astheywalked,Markknewthattheboy'snamewasBill,thathelovedcomputergames,basketballandhistory,andthathewashavinglotsoftroubleswithhisothersubjectsandthathehadjustbrokenupwithhisgirlfriend

TheyarrivedatBill'shomefirstandMarkwasinvited(邀请)inforaCokeandtowatchsometelevision.Theafternoonpassedhappilywithafewlaughsandsomesmalltalk,thenMarkwenthome.Theyoftensaw.eachotheratschool,hadlunchtogetheronceortwice,andthentheybothfinishedmiddleschool.Theyendedupinthesamehighschoolwheretheysometimessawandtalkedwitheachotherovertheyears.Atlastjustthreeweeksbeforetheyfinishedhighschool,BillaskedMarkiftheycouldtalk.

BillaskedMarkifhestillrememberedthedayyearsagowhentheyhadfirstmet."DidyoueverthinkwhyIwascarryingsomanythingshomethatday?"askedBill."Yousee,Icleanedoutmylocker(锁柜)becauseIdidn'twanttoleaveanythingforanyoneelse.Ihadputawaysomeofmymother'ssleepingpillsandIwasgoinghometokillmyself.Butafterwespentsometimetogethertalkingandlaughing,IbegantounderstandthatifIkilledmyself,Iwouldhavemissedthattimeandsomanyothersthatmightfollow.Soyousee,Mark,whenyoupickedupthosebooksthatday,youdidalotmore.Yousavedmylife."（1）WhenMarkmethimthefirsttime,BillwasgoingA.

tohaveabasketballgame

B.

tohisclassroom

C.

toseeMark

D.

backhome（2）FromwhatBillwascarrying,wecanknowthathe

.A.

wasagoodstudent

B.

likedsportsandmusicC.

likedallthesubjectsinschool

D.

wasag（3）MarkandBill

.A.

wereinthesamemiddleschoolandhighschool

B.

wereinthesamemiddleschoolbutnotinthesamehighschoolC.

oftenhadlunchtogetheratschool

D.

hadknowneachotherbeforetheybegantostudyinmiddleschool（4）Inthispassage,thephrase"breakup"means"

".A.

相处很好

B.

和好如初

C.

关系破裂

D.

保持联系（5）WhenMarkhelpedBilltopickupsomeofhisthings,he.

.A.

knewhecouldsaveBill'slife

B.

knewwhoBillwasandwantedtohelphimC.

didn'tknowwhyhewasgoingtohelphim

D.

didn'tknowwhathewasdoingwasveryimportanttoBill【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C（5）D【解析】【分析】短文大意：Mark走在回家的路上，看见前面一个男孩拿了一堆东西，走着走着男孩的东西掉了，Mark就帮忙去捡，之后两人就一起走，男孩邀请Mark去家里做客，两个人度过了开心的一下午，后来两人成为了朋友，无话不谈，一起上学一起吃饭一起毕业。后来的某天男孩告诉Mark，原来当天他心情糟透了因为跟女朋友分手拿了学校里的个人物品准备自杀，但他遇见了Mark，后来两人度过的时光让男孩觉得世界还是有很多值得期待的事。Mark不仅帮忙捡了书，也拯救了男孩的生命。（1）D细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句”"DidyoueverthinkwhyIwascarryingsomanythingshomethatday?"askedBill.“可知Mark第一次碰见Bill是在Bill回家的路上。故选D。（2）B细节推理题。根据文章第一句”Markwaswalkinghomefromschoolonedaywhenhesawtheboyinfrontofturnfalloveranddropallofthebookshewascarrying,alongwithtwosweaters,abasketballandawalkman(随身听).“可知，携带两件毛衣，篮球和随身听，推测Bill是喜欢体育和音乐的。故选B。（3）A归纳总结题。根据第二段第三句”Theyoftensaw.eachotheratschool,hadlunchtogetheronceortwice,andthentheybothfinishedmiddleschool.Theyendedupinthesamehighschoolwheretheysometimessawandtalkedwitheachotherovertheyears.Atlastjustthreeweeksbeforetheyfinishedhighschool“可知两人是在同一所中学同一所高中，故选A。（4）C词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句”andthathewashavinglotsoftroubleswithhisothersubjectsandthathehadjustbrokenupwithhisgirlfriend“可知，Bill在学科上遇到了很多困难，”讲的都是不好的方面，break动词，破坏，打碎。继而猜测到应该是与女朋友分手了。故选C。（5）D归纳总结题。根据第一段中“Markstoppedandhelpedtheboypickupthesethings.Sincetheyweregoingthesameway,hehelpedtocarrysomeofhisthings.”可知Mark只是看到Bill的东西掉了帮他捡，他并不知道这将会拯救Bill的生命。故选D。【点评】文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。2．阅读理解

TheGreensgotaratherunhappysurprisewhentheytriedtoflyfromCardifftoLanzarotelastweekend.Becauseofahadmistakeattheairlinecheck-indesk,theGreensgotonthewrongflight(航班)andendedupinAnkara.Sohowdidthemix-uphappen？

Itwasfiveo'clockonSundaymorningwhenCharlieandKateGreenarrivedatCardiffairportwiththeirnine-year-olddaughterTina.TheycheckedinproperlyfortheirfighttoLanzarote,butthecheck-inattendant(服务员)madeamistakewiththeirboardingpassesandalsosentthemtothewrongboardinggate.Unluckily,itwassocurlyandtheGreenswerefeelingsotiredthattheydidn'tnoticeanythingwrong.Whatwasworse,thereweren'tanyannouncementsintheboardinggatearea.

WhentheGreensfinallygotontheplane,CharlieandKateGreenfellasleepatonce,thoughtherewereinterestingfilms,magazines,newspapersandmusicforthemtochoosetospendtheboringtime.LittleTinatookoutahistorybookaboutRomeandread.Twohourslater,shefellasleeptoo.Theydidn'twakeupuntilsixhourslater,whentheplanewaslanding.Suddenly,theflightattendantsaid."WelcometoAnkara!"TheGreenscouldn'tbelieveitandlittleTinawasquiteunhappy,Thefamilyhadtogetofftheplaneandthenpay10foratouristvisa(签证).Intheend,theydecidedtogetbackhome,livingat5:00p.m.onthesameday.（1）WheredidtheGreensplantospendtheirweekend？A.

InCardiff.

B.

InLanzarote.

C.

InRome.

D.

InAnkara.（2）WhatdidlittleTinadofirstontheplane？A.

Shesawafilm.B.

Shewenttosleep.C.

Shelistenedtomusic.D.

Shereadahistorybook.（3）HowdidtheGreensfeelwhentheyarrivedinAnkara？A.

Bored.

B.

Excited.

C.

Interested.

D.

Surprised.（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext？A.

WhataWrongI.

B.

ATriptoAnkara.

C.

TheGreens'Trip.

D.

HowlongaTrip.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍格林一家上周末试图飞往兰萨罗特时，由于在航空公司登记处出了一个错误，他们上错了航班，最后在安卡拉降落的故事。（1）细节理解题。根据第一句TheGreensgotaratherunhappysurprisewhentheytriedtoflyfromCardifftoLanzarotelastweekend.上周末，格林一家试图从加的夫飞往兰扎罗特时，他们得到了一个相当不愉快的惊喜。可知，他们去"兰扎罗特"，故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中LittleTinatookoutahistorybookaboutRomeandread.小蒂娜拿出一本关于罗马的历史书读了起来。可知，她读一本历史书，故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中TheGreenscouldn'tbelieveit，格林一家简直不敢相信。可知，他们感觉很"吃惊"，故选D。（4）主旨大意题。本文主要讲述格林一家上周末试图飞往兰萨罗特时，由于在航空公司登记处出了一个错误，他们上错了航班，最后在安卡拉降落，故安卡拉之旅符合标题，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案。主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3．阅读理解

Oneday,Tom'steacher,MissMak,heldaclassmeeting."TherewillbeaflagdaynextSaturday.Doesanyonewanttojointhismeaningfulevent(活动)?"askedMissMak.Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildrenbuthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.

"Tom,youhaven'tsoldflagsbefore,"saidMissMaksuddenly."Wouldyouliketohaveatry?"

Tomwashesitant(犹豫的)，buthefinallynodded.

Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet."Ex-cuseme,Couldy-o-upl-ea-sebuy...?"saidAngelasoftlytothefirstpersonshemet.Themansmiledandputfive-dollarcoinintoAngela'scollectionbag.Thenshesaidthanksandputaflagunderhisshoulder."Ididit!"saidAngelahappily."It'syourturnnow."

Feelingnervous.Tombegantoshake.Soon,hesawayoungladywalkingtowardshim.

Theladywassmilingandholdingafewcoinsinherhand.Sheasked,"AreyousellingflagsforFundfortheHomelessChildred?"Tom'sfacebecameredandsaidyes.Thentheladymadethedonation(捐赠)andTomgaveheraflag."Youmadeit!"laughedAngela.

Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.Allast,theircollectionbagsweresoheavythattheyhadtoholdthemwithbotharms.Theyfeltveryproud.（1）WhydidTomkeepquietinhisseat?A.

Hehadotherplans.

B.

Hedidn'tlikeMissMak.C.

Hewasnotinterestedintheactivity.

D.

Hewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers.（2）WhenMissMakaskedTomtohaveatry,hefinally

.A.

laughed

B.

nodded

C.

refused

D.

cried（3）WheredidTomandAngelasellflags?A.

Inabusystreet.

B.

Intheirschool.

C.

Inatallbuilding.

D.

Inasmallgarden.（4）HowmuchdidthefirstmanpayAngelafortheflag?A.

Fivedollars.

B.

Tendollars.

C.

Fifteendollars.

D.

Twentydollars.（5）HowdidTomandAngelafeelaftertheysoldtheflags?A.

Bored.

B.

Shy.

C.

Confident.

D.

Sad.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：Tom与Angela在学校组织的卖小国旗活动中，战胜了自己，出色地完成了任务。（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildrenbuthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.理解可知，Tom不敢与陌生人说话，所以保持了沉默，故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Tomwashesitant(犹豫的)，buthefinallynodded.理解可知，最后在Mark老师的鼓励下，Tom最后答应参加学校举行的卖国旗的活动，故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句

Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.

理解可知，Tom与Angela在一个闹市区卖国旗，故选A。（4）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Themansmiledandputfive-dollarcoinintoAngela'scollectionbag.

理解可知，第一个人给了Angela五美元，故选A。（5）理解归纳题。根据文中的语句

Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.

理解可知，Tom与Angela通过这一活动，对自己充满了信心，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本题主要考查了细节理解题，以及判断题，做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，它可以帮助我们很快地定位原文，找到答案。4．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Doyouthinkyourschoolrulesareboring?Takealookattheserules.Nohugging

SomeschoolsinPortlandandFloridastartedtherule—Nohuggingin2010.TwoyearslatersomeschoolsinNewJerseyandBrooklynmadethesamerule.Thereasonisclear—toavoid"unsuitableinteractions(不适当的互动)"betweenstudents.Nobagsintotheclassroom

OnehighschoolinMichigandoesn'tallowbagsintotheclassroomatall.Theschoolasksstudentstoreturntotheirlockers(储物柜)betweenclassesfortheirbooksinordertomakesuretheyaresafeinlunchroomsandclassrooms.NoUggboots(Ugg靴子)

ItmightgetverycoldinwinterinPennsylvania,butstudentstherearen'tallowedtoweartheirUggbootsintoclass.It'stostopthemfromhidingthingslikemobilephonesintheboots.Noballs

ATorontoschooldoesn'tallowitsstudentstobringanyhardballstoschool.Why?Aparentwastakentohospitalwithaconcussion(脑震荡)afterbeinghitbyaball.

Interested?Click(点击)heretoreadmore.（1）WhendidsomeschoolsinNewJerseymaketherule"nohugging"?A.

In2008

B.

In2010

C.

In2012

D.

In2014（2）WherearethestudentsatMichiganschoolaskedtokeeptheirbooks?A.

Inthelockers

B.

Intheclassrooms

C.

Inthelunchrooms

D.

Inteachers'offices.（3）Mobilephonesarenotallowedintoclassin_________.A.

onePortlandschool

B.

someschoolsinFloridaC.

onePennsylvaniaschool

D.

someschoolsinBrooklyn（4）WhoisthereasonforaTorontoschool's"noballs"rule?A.

Ateacher

B.

Adoctor

C.

Astudent

D.

Aparent（5）Whereisthematerialprobablyfrom?A.

Anewspaper

B.

Awebsite

C.

Aspeech

D.

Adiary【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）D（5）B【解析】【分析】本文介绍几个学校的规则。（1）推理题。根据SomeschoolsinPortlandandFloridastartedtherule—Nohuggingin2010.TwoyearslatersomeschoolsinNewJerseyandBrooklynmadethesamerule波特兰和佛罗里达的一些学校开始了这项规定——2010年禁止拥抱。两年后，新泽西和布鲁克林的一些学校也制定了同样的规则，可知新泽西的一些学校2012年制定了“禁止拥抱”的规则，故选C。（2）细节题。根据

OnehighschoolinMichigandoesn'tallowbagsintotheclassroomatall.Theschoolasksstudentstoreturntotheirlockers，可知密歇根学校的学生被要求把书放在储物柜里，故选A。（3）推理题。根据studentstherearen'tallowedtoweartheirUggbootsintoclass.It'stostopthemfromhidingthingslikemobilephonesintheboots那里的学生不允许穿ugg靴子上课，为了阻止他们把手机之类的东西藏在靴子里，可知Pennsylvania不允许上课使用手机，故选C。（4）细节题。根据Aparentwastakentohospitalwithaconcussion(脑震荡)afterbeinghitbyaball一名家长被球击中后因脑震荡被送往医院，可知多伦多学校“不准打球”规则的原因是因为一位家长，故选D。（5）推理题。根据Interested?

Click(点击)heretoreadmore有兴趣吗？点击这里阅读更多，可知文章来自网站，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。5．阅读理解

ChineseFarmers'Harvest(收获，收割)FestivalisthefirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinox(秋分)eachyear.TheAutumnalEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms(节气)oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.

Asweallknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationallovertheworld.Itwasdifficulttofeedthelargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopening(改革开放),withthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture(农业),people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentispayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'life.Itwillgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.Chinahasalonghistoryofagriculture.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongfarmingculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilization(文明)andimprovestheculturalself-confidenceandnationalpride.

Sincethefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,theyareencouragedtothinkoftheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon.

Somepe