题型一 阅读理解 专项训练-高考英语二轮复习

题型一阅读理解（2）--高考英语高频题型专项训练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解Amajoremergencycancreatearefugee(难民)populationofhundredsofthousandsovernight.ThemostimmediatewayinwhichorganizationslikeUNHCRandtheInternationalRedCrosscanhelptheserefugeesisbysettinguprefugeecamps.Refugeecampsaredesignedtobetemporary,buttheyoftenremaininplacefordecades.Insomepartsoftheworld,childrenhavegrownupandhadchildrenoftheirownwithouteverleavingtheircamp.Criticsarguethattheyforcerefugeestobeentirelydependentondonations.OnejournalistwhovisitedtheNyadeoucampinsouthernGuinea(Africa)in2001,describedhownormallypeacefulpeoplewerereducedtofightingwitheachotherwhenthefoodtruckarrived.Refugeecampscaneasilybecomedirty,overcrowdedandoverrunwithdiseaseorcrime.Inmanycamps,murderersanddrugdealershidethemselvesamongthemajorityofinnocentrefugees.Onealternativeforrefugeesistosettleinatownoravillageandbecomepartofthelocalpopulation.Thisisknownas"self-settlement".Severalaidagenciesarguethatself-settlementisinmanycasesabetteroptionthanrefugeecamps.Theysaythatself-settledrefugeescanstarttorebuildtheirlivesstraightaway,andarefreerandsaferthanrefugeesincamps.Oxfam,theRedCrossandmanyotherinternationalaidagenciessupportprogramsinwhichrefugeesarehelpedtoself-settle.RepresentativesofUNHCRarguethatrefugeecampsarethebestwayofsavingthegreatestpossiblenumbersoflives.Theypointoutthatitismucheasiertohelppeopleiftheyareallgatheredinoneplace.Thisiscertainlytrueofemergencyrelief,forexamplethedistributionoffood,water,shelterandmedicalsupplies.Itisalsotruethatlong-termaidprograms,suchasfamilytracing,orphansupportand,perhapsmostimportantly,education,canallbecarriedoutmuchmoreeasilywhenrefugeesarealllivingtogetherinoneplace.1、Whoareresponsiblefortherefugees'dependenceondonations?A.Critics. B.Children.C.Refugeecamps. D.UNHCRandtheRedCross.2、Whatadvantagecanself-settledrefugeesenjoy?A.Morepersonalaid. B.Morelivingspace. C.Bettertrainingprograms. D.Abettersenseofsecurity. 3、Whatbenefitcangatheringrefugeesinoneplacebring?A.Itcanhelpsavemuchland.B.It'seasierforthemtogetschooling.C.Itcanreducethenumberoforphans.D.Itallowsfamiliestobetterhelpeachother.4、Theyarediscussedinthetextexcept__________.A.Theadvantagesofrefugeecamps. B.Thedisadvantagesofrefugeecamps.C.Theadvantagesofself-settlement. D.Thedisadvantagesofself-settlement.

WaterissolowinlargestretchesofItaly'slargestriverthatlocalresidentsarewalkingthroughthemiddleoftheexpanseofsandandanoldshipisresurfacing.

InaparknearthecentralnorthernvillageofGualtieri,cyclistsandhikersstopincuriositytoobservetheZibello,a50-meter-longshipthattransportedwoodduringtheWWIIbutsankin1943.ItwasnormallycoveredbythePo'swaters.“It'sthefirsttimethatwecanseethisship,”saidamateurcyclistRaffaeleVezzal.“I’veneverseensuchadroughtatthistimeofyear—ourmainworrywasourriverflooding,butnowweworryaboutitsdisappearance.”

ThedryingupofthePo,whichruns652kilometersfromthenorthwesterncityofTurintoVenice,isjeopardizing

thedrinkingwatersupplyinItaly'sdenselypopulatedandhighlyindustrializeddistrictsandthreateningirrigationinthemostintensivelyfarmedpartofthecountry,knownastheItalianfoodvalley.

NorthernItalyhasn'tseenrainfallformorethan110daysandthisyear'ssnowfallisdownby70%.Aquifers(含水层)，whichholdgroundwater，areexhausted.Temperaturesof2℃aboveseasonaveragearemeltingthetinysnowfieldsandglaciersthatwereleftonthetopofthesurroundingAlps,leavingthePobasinwithoutitssummerwaterreservoirs.Allthesefactorsareleadingtotheworstdroughtin70years,accordingtothePoRiverBasinAuthority(PRBA).

MeuccioBerselli,secretary-generalofthePoRiverBasinAuthority,isworkingonaplantoguaranteedrinkingandirrigationwatertomillionsofhouseholdsandtothePovalleyfarmers,whoproduce40%ofItalianfood.TheplanincludeshigherdrainingfromAlpinelakes,lesswaterforhydroelectric(水力发电的)plantsanddistributionofwaterintheupstreamregions.

Accordingtoastate-ownedenergyservicesystemoperator,55%oftherenewableenergycomingfromhydroelectricplantsinItalycomesfromthePoanditstributaries.Expertsfearthatalackofhydroelectricpowerwillcontributetoincreasedcarbondioxideemissions(排放),asmoreelectricitywillhavetobeproducedwithnaturalgas.5、WhatdoestheresurfacingoftheZibellosuggest?A.ThedroughtofthePoisserious. B.Riverfloodingisworrying.C.Ithasbeenrecoveredfromdamage. D.Residentsarepreservingit.6、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“jeopardizing”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Indicating. B.Increasing. C.Endangering. D.Providing.7、WhatdoesthetextindicateaboutthePRBA’splan?A.Ithelpstogeneraterenewableenergy.B.Itmayleadtoenvironmentalproblems,C.ItwillcausethePotodisappearquicklyD.Itdeserveswidesupportandhighpraise.8、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWartimeShipIsResurfacing B.ItalyIsSeekingWaterSuppliesC.ADroughtIsThreateningFarmers D.Italy'sLargestRiverIsDryingUpWeavinginandoutoftraffic,theminibusesonCairo’sringroadseemtoberacingandcompetingtopickuppassengers.SincearidecostsaslittleasfiveEgyptianpounds($0.32),quantityisthekey.Sodriversspeedalongthemotorway,usingeverylittlegapinthetraffic.Theprivatelyrunminibusesareacommonsceneinthecapital.Butlocalsdonotexactlylikethem.Startwiththenot-all-competentdrivers,whocontributetothecity'sterriblerecordonroadsafety.TrafficinCairoismadeworsewhentheystoptopickupanddropoffpassengers.Theminibuses,whichrunoncheapdiesel(柴油),giveoffpoisonousgasintotheair.Forthegovernmenttheyareanembarrassment,aloudreminderofitsfailuretoprovideenoughpublictransport.Thathelpsexplainwhyofficialssaidthatminibuseswouldbebanned.Takingtheirplacewouldbeanewbusrapidtransit(BRT)systemoperatinginspeciallanes(车道).Butdon’tbefooled:theminibuseswillstillbearoundforawhile.Yearsago,Cairohadasurprisingnetworkoftrams(电车)andbusesaswellasametrosystem.Butnowthetramsareallgoneandevenofficialsareunsurehowmanybusesremain.Themetrohasadifferentproblem.Thoughitcoversalimitedarea,itisoftenoverpacked.Therefore,someEgyptiansbuycarsinstead,whichworsensbothpollutionandtrafficjam.Mostotherfolksrelyontheminibuses.Poorplanningandevenpoorerpoliciesarepartlytoblame.Thegovernmenthasbuiltsatellitecitiesaroundthecapital,mostofwhichareconnectedtoCairoviatheringroad.Butuntilrecentlytherewaslittlepublictransportbetweenthem.Theminibuses,whichconnectthevarioussettlements,fillthegap.ExpertsthinktheBRTwilleventuallyofferreliefbutthatthebanonminibusesispremature.Expertsproposewaitinguntilmoreofthenewpublic-transportsystemisinplace.Thatcouldtakeawhile.ThefirststageoftheBRTwassupposedtoopenattheendoflastyear.Delaysinconstructionhavepusheditback.Sotheminibusesarestillflyingdowntheringroad.9、WhydopeoplelivinginCairodon’tlikeminibuses?A.Theymakethetrafficworse.B.Theirdriversaretooable.C.Theyarethegovernment'sfailure.D.Theirdriverscompetetopickuppassengers.10、Whatdoestheunderlinedexpressionprobablymean?A.satisfytheneeds B.makeitdifficultC.connecttheroads D.bridgethedifferences11、Whatmighttheexpertsmentionedinthelastparagraphagreewith?A.Cairoshouldbuildlesssatellitecities.B.Thebanonminibusesshouldbeputoff.C.Minibusesshouldbeencouragedandimproved.D.TheBRTsystemswillworkbetterthanminibuses.12、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TrafficproblemsinCairo B.ThefutureofminibusesinCairoC.WhyareminibusespopularinCairo? D.ShouldminibusesbebannedinCairo?Oceansareanappealingtargetforrenewableenergygeneration.Wavesaloneproduce32,000terawatt-hoursofnaturalenergyperyear—forreference,theentireworldusesaround23,000terawatt-hoursannually.Andthereisalsothepowerofcurrentsandtides(潮沙)energy.Theadvantagesofwavepowerareclear.Basically,waveenergydoesnotemitgreenhousegaseswhengenerated,likefossilfuelsdo.Turbines(祸轮机)generateelectricitythroughthepowerofwaves,makingthemacompletelypollution-free,renewableenergysource.Andtheamountofpowerthatisproducedinawaveishuge—thatenergythengetscapturedbywaveenergyconverters(转换器)toproduceelectricity.Thereisalsoalotofpotentialbecausemanycountrieshaveaccesstoanoceanthatcanhelppowertheirelectricgrids.Also,wavesarehardlyinterruptedandalmostalwaysinmotion.Thismakeselectricitygenerationfromwaveenergyamorereliableenergysourcecomparedtowindpower,sincewindisnotconstantlyblowing.Butthedisadvantagesofwaveenergyareserioustoo.Buildingplantsorelectricalwiresdirectlyonthebeachmightprovechallengingbecausetheywouldbeunsightlyandcancausedamagetomarinelifeandthesurroundingecosystems.Localfishingzonescouldbeaffectedortheplantscouldleadtomorecoastalcorrosion(腐蚀).Highcostsisaproblemtoo.Wavepowerisanemergingenergytechnologyintheearlystagesofdevelopment,makingworkingoutcostsdifficult.Maintenancefortheseplantsisprojectedtobeveryexpensivebecausetheywillbesubmergedinconstantly-movingsaltwater.Becauseconstantmovementcanleadtomorebreaking,waveenergyplantswillmostlikelyneedregular(andcostly)maintenance.Despitethechallenges,thereisafutureofwaveenergy.Formanyocean-borderingcountries,waveenergycouldbeagreatadditiontotherenewableenergymix.Thebottomlineisthatwavepowerhashugeglobalpotential.However,theindustryneedsmorefundingandresearchtofinalizethetechnologyinvolvedsothatcountriesandgovernmentscanbeginaddingwaveenergytotheirrenewableenergycollection.13、Whatmakeswavepowermorereliablecomparedtowavepower?A.Beinghugeinamount. B.Beingenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Beingalmostalwaysonthemove. D.Beingaccessibletomanycountries.14、Whyisitdifficulttocalculatethecostsofwavepowerplants?A.Theplantsarestillintheinitialstage.B.Theplantswillruintheneighbouringscenery.C.Itwillcostmuchtomaintaintheirfunctions.D.Theplantswillcausedamagetotheecosystemsnearby.15、Whoisthetextmostprobablyintendedfor?A.Studentsconcernedaboutmarinelife.B.Governmentsattractedbywaveenergy.C.Teachersfocusingoncoastalecosystems.D.Scientistsinterestedinrenewableenergy.16、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardwaveenergy?A.Critical. B.Reserved. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.Youimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity,however,begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttotheirrobots,unimalstheprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals,withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs,aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties:flatgrounds,groundswithhillsandsteps,andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort,butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith,theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes,butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg,oroneextraturninginajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup,andtheprocessrepeated.About4,000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially,though,theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken,andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn,DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin,apsychologist,arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown,thoughinsoftware,isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant,itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’bodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout-of-the-boxidea.17、Howwasthetestconducted?A.Bystimulatingunimals’mutation. B.Byadjustingtheenvironments.C.Byprovingtheevolutiontheory. D.Bypromotingunimals’learning.18、Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?A.Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.B.Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C.Thenumberoftrainedunimals.D.Thereplacementofoldunimals.19、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest?A.Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.B.Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.C.Bodychangesbettermindwork.D.Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotrestaurant.20、What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Approving.Thosewhoareconcernedthatrobotsaretakingovertheworldcanresteasy—fornow.Thoughtheandroidshaveprovedusefulatperformingordinarytasks,theyarenotreadyforthegreatesttime.AtleastthatappearstobethecaseatJapan’sHenn-naHotelchainwhereoverhalfoftherobotstaffarebeingreplacedbyhumans.ThefirstlocationoftheuniquehotelopenedinJuly2015wasatNagasaki’sHuisTenBoschThemePark.Thehotel’sowner,HideoSawada,promisedthehoteltobemanagedprimarilybyrobots.Guestsweregreetedandchecked-inbyadinosaurrobot,whileacuteandroidcalledChuri,placedinsideeachroom,providedinformationaboutattractions.Notsurprisingly,thelodging,recognizedin2016astheworld’sfirstrobot-staffedhotelbyGuinnessWorldRecords,drewincuriousvisitorsfromallaroundtheworld.Butastheyearshavepassed,thehotel’smaindrawisbecominglessnovelandmoreunsatisfactory.Alsoastherobotsare“aging”,theyarecostingmoretorepair.Amongthe283androidsbeingreplacedarethechain’stwodinosaurreceptionists.Inadditiontoscaringyoungguests,theyarealsounabletophotocopyguests’passports,forcinghumanemployeestostepineachtime.AlsooutarethecuteChurirobots,whichannoyedguestsbyinterruptingtheirconversations.Forexample,oneguesttoldTheWallStreetJournalthatChurimistookhissnoringforacommandandkeptaskinghimtorepeathisrequestallnight.SawadatoldTheWallStreetJournal,“Whenyouactuallyuserobotsyourealizethereareplaceswheretheyaren’tneeded—orjustannoypeople.”WhileSawadamaybecuttingbackonhisuseofandroids,therecently-openedSmartLYZHotelandtheFlyZooHotelinChina,arerunentirelybyrobots,withnotahumaninsight.Whethertheemployeeshavemorecompetencethanthose“hired”bytheHenn-naHotelchainremainstobeseen.21、WhatmakesJapan’sHenn-naHotelunique?A.Itsrobotemployees. B.Itsadvancedequipment.C.Itsconvenientlocation. D.Itssuccessfulmanagement.22、Whatistheauthor’spurposewiththeexampleinparagraph3?A.Toentertainreaders.B.ToproveChuri’sdrawback.C.TointroduceChuri’sfunctions.D.Topersuadepeoplenottobookthehotel.23、WhatdoestheownerofJapan’sHenn-naHotelthinkofhisrobotstaffnow?A.Attractive. B.Costly. C.Pioneering. D.Disappointing.24、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotsAreTakingOvertheWorld.B.TheBoomofRobots-staffedHotel.C.RobotStaffAreFiredForNoCompetence.D.TheFirstRobots-staffedHotelWonGuinnessWorldRecord.Septemberisuponus,whichmeansonethingforparentsandchildrenalike:termtime.Manywillbeexcitedtoengagein-person,aftermonthsofremotelearning.Unfortunately,thiswon’tapplytoeveryone.It’salarmingthatanestimated540,000childrenwillcontinuetostayathome,duetomentalorphysicalhealthconcernsdirectlyrelatedtotheCOVID-19pandemic(流行病).Forthosethataren’tabletoattendclassesinperson,maintainingsomeformofconnectionwiththeirpeersisvitallyimportant,bothtoprotecttheireducationaldevelopmentandtopreventthemfrombecomingisolated(孤独)。NoIsolation,acompanythatspecializesinunderstandingandreducingtheimpactofloneliness,hasdecidedtotakeaction.Throughoutthesummer,NoIsolationworkedwithindependentresearcher,HenryPeck,tobetterunderstandtheeffectoflockdownoneducationalandemotionaldevelopmentinschool-agedchildren.Theycollectedresponsesfromsomeprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsandfoundthatabout1,320children,ormorethan75%ofthesurveyed,weremoreorlesslonelyduringthelockdown.Thereisnoimmediate“fix"forloneliness,buttherearestepstobetakentohelp.Parentsneedtoopenupadialoguearoundwhatlonelinessis,andwhatitfeelslike,soastostressthatfeelinglonelyiscompletelynormalandatopicthatissafetotalkabout.Foradults,lonelinessisashame,whichmeansthatoftentheyarenotopenenoughaboutitwitheachother,letalonewiththeirchildren.Parentsneedtobreakthetabooaroundlonelinessbytalkingandencouragingchildrentosharetheiremotions.Theyalsoneedtolearntoaskforhelp.Sometimestheseemotionsneedtobetalkedthroughwithfamilyorwithaprofessional.Now,morethanever,parentsshouldbelisteningtochildrenandhelpingtomakesuretheyareheardwhentheyfeellonely.Theyarefacingthesamepandemic,andtheydeserveallofthehelpandsupporttheycanget.25、Whatmaypreventmanyyoungpeoplereturningtoschoolinthecomingnewterm?A.Theinterruptedconnectionwiththeirpeers.B.ThecontinuedspreadoftheCOVID-19pandemic.C.Thebenefitsofremotelearningtheyhaveeverreceived.D.Thephysicalandmentalimpactofthepandemiconthem.26、WhatdothenumbersinParagraph2imply?A.Abadeffectofloneliness.B.ThelargenumberofstudentsintheUK.C.Aworryingcommonphenomenon.D.Theconvincingaccuracyofthesurvey.27、Howcanparentshelpchildrenunderstandthatlonelinessisnormal?A.Bymakingsuretheirchildrenfeelsafeathome.B.Byreceivingeducationonwhatlonelinessactuallyis.C.Bytalkingaboutthenatureoflonelinesswiththeirchildren.D.Byopeningupadialogueabouttheirstrugglewithchildren.28、WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Seriousconsequencesofloneliness.B.Effectivewaysofdealingwithloneliness.C.Possiblewaysofbreakingthetaboo.D.Greatsignificanceofsocialemotionsharing.Eachyear,halfamillionpeoplediefrombrainaneurysms(动脉瘤)—whenabloodvessel(血管)burstsinthebrain.Ananeurysmisabulge(膨胀)inabloodvesselthatcanburst.Ifthathappensinthebrain,itcanbedeadly.Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.Theymayincludememoryproblems,lossofbalance,troublespeakingandevenblindness.Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.BeaumontBaconisasurvivorwhomakeslightofherexperiencebecausesheisacomedian(喜剧演员).Sheuseshumortomakeotherslaugh.Nowshe’sworkingonanewshow.MichaelAlexanderisherdoctor.HeoperatedonBeaumontBaconafterherattack.“Shehadbleedinginthefrontalareaofherbrain,sorightabovetheeyes.Thepartthatwasinthebrainwasaboutmaybethesizeofanegg.So,that’safairlylargebleed.”Ms.BaconhadabetterchanceatsurvivalthanmostpeoplebecauseofDr.Alexander.HedirectstheNeurovascularCenterinLosAngeles.Thecenteroffersnewtechnologiesthatincludeplacingacatheter(导管)intoananeurysm,thenthreadingwirestopromotebloodclots(血栓).Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon’thavetoopenuptheskull(头盖骨)oropenupthebraintodosurgery.It’salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamountofbloodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.”ForBeaumontBacon’srecovery,thehospitalworkedtopreventproblemscommonlyfoundinpatientswithaburstaneurysm.Theproblemsincludebrainswellingthatcanshutdownbloodvessels.Shespentamonthinacoma(昏迷)—unabletocommunicatewithdoctors,friendsandlovedones.Butwithayearoftreatment,sherecovered.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.29、Whatdoyouknowaboutaneurysms?A.Notechnologiescantreatthemnowadays.B.Theymaycauseseveredisabilities.C.Fewpeoplediefromthemeveryyear.D.Theyaredeadlywherevertheyhappen.30、ThenewtechnologyhasthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPTthat_____.A.itismuchfasterforthepatienttorecoverB.itbringsnoproblemsaftertheoperationC.itreducestheamountofbloodlossD.itdoesn’tneedtoopenupthebraintooperate31、ItcanbeknownfromthepassagethatBeaumontBacon_____.A.wasalwaysinanunconsciousstateaftertheoperationB.recoveredsoonafterthetreatmentC.returnedtoworkafterthetreatmentD.wasthefirsttotrythenewtechnology32、Theauthorshowstheeffectofthetechnologyby_____.A.providinganexample B.makingcomparisonsC.offeringdata D.givingexplanationsAristotlesaidthat“happinessdependsuponourselves”andanewstudysuggestsitispossibletophysicallygrowahappierbrainthroughpracticeslikemeditation(冥想).Althoughscientistshaveknownwhichhormones(荷尔蒙)produceemotionslikepleasureordesire,ithasbeenunclearwherethefeelingofoverallcontentmentandwell-beingoriginatesfrom.Tofindout,scientistsasked51volunteerstoratetheirownhappinesslevelsandthenscannedtheirbrains.Interestinglytheydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledtheprecuneus(楔前叶)waslargerinpeoplewhowerehappier.Itsuggeststhathappinesscanbeworkedlikeamuscle.Previousstudieshaveshownthatregularmeditationcanboostgreymatterintheprecuneus,whichcouldexplainwhythosewhomeditatereportexperiencingfeelingsofgeneralcontent.Thescientistsbehindthefindingsaiditwillnowbepossibletoclinicallymeasurewhatthingsmakepeoplehappier.Researchersbelievethattheprecuneusisparticularlyimportantforsubjectivehappiness,suchaswheresomeonechoosestomakethebestofasituationandseeitinamorepositivelight.Volunteerswhoscoredhigheronthehappinesssurveyshadmoregreymattermassintheprecuneus.Inotherwords,peoplewhofeelhappinessmoreintensely,feelsadnesslessintenselyandaremoreabletofindmeaninginlifehavealargerprecuneus.“Ourresultssuggestthatpsychologicaltrainingthateffectivelyincreasesgreymatterandvolumeintheprecuneusmayenhancesubjectivehappiness.”saidDr.Sato.Speakingaboutthisnewresearch,healsosaid:“Thisdoesnotsurprisemeatall.Thebrainiseasilyinfluenced,justlikeotherorgans.Payingattentioncanliterallychangeyourbrain.”ProfDolan,authorofthebookHappinessByDesign,claimsthatmanyofthethingspeoplebelievewillmakethemhappycanactuallyaltertheirlivesinanegativeway,“Mostthingswethinkwillmakeushappywon’t,”hesaid.“We’rereallyalwayshappierifwearefocusingonthepersonwearewithandthethingwearedoingrightnow.Somakethatsomethingyouenjoy.”33、Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudyinparagraph1?A.Aristotle’sideaisnotquiteright.B.Happinesscanbegainedphysically.C.Well-beingisfromcertainhormone.D.Brainsarelargerinthosewhoarehappier.34、Whatcanweknowabouttheprecuneus?A.Itislinkedtoone’shappiness. B.Itisveryimportantforthinking.C.Itcanbegainedfromtrainingquickly. D.Itcanbefoundthroughphysicalexercise.35、Whatistheresearchers’attitudetowardsthefinding?A.Worried. B.Doubtful. C.Interested. D.Optimistic.36、AccordingtoDr.Sato,whoislikelytofindmoremeaninginlife?A.Thosewhomeditateless. B.Thosewithmorephysicaltraining.C.Thosewithmoregreymattermass. D.Thosewhoseekmorematerialwealth.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApachein