SkillsFuture：2022年未来经济技能需求报告

SKILLSDEMANDFORTHEFUTUREECONOMYFOREwORDMrChanChunSingMinisterofEducationAboutSkillsFutureSingaporeSkillsFutureSingapore(SSG)drivesandcoordinatestheimplementationofthenationalSkillsFuturemovement,promotesacultureoflifelonglearningandstrengthenstheecosystemoftrainingandadulteducationinSingapore.ThroughaholisticsuiteofnationalSkillsFutureinitiatives,SSGenablesSingaporeanstotakechargeoftheirlearningjourneyintheirpursuitofskillsmastery.SSGalsoworkswithkeystakeholderstoensurethatstudentsandadultshaveaccesstohighqualityandindustry-relevanttrainingthatmeetthedemandsofdifferentsectorsoftheeconomyforaninnovativeandproductiveworkforce.Formoreinformation,visit.sg.gapore#08-08PayaLebarQuarter2Singapore408533.sgSingaporeTheSkillsFutureMovementwaslaunchedin2015,andhasbeengainingmomentumsincethen.Workersandcompanieshaveheededthecalltocontinuallyupskillthemselves,toseizeopportunitiesinarapidlychangingbusinessenvironment.TheInstitutesofHigherLearning,privatetrainingproviders,SkillsFutureQueenBeecompanies,andtheLabourMovementhaveallcontributedtoadynamiclifelonglearningecosystemthatcaterstodifferentneedsacrossourpopulationandeconomy.Againstthisbackdrop,theinauguralSkillsDemandfortheFutureEconomyreportwasfirstpublishedin2021toachievethreegoals.First,itencouragescitizenstobeawareofglobaltrendsthatcanimpacttheirowncareergrowth,andthatthebestwaytheycanprepareandadaptistoacquiretherightsetofknowledgeandskills.Second,itarticulatesthespecificskillsthatemployersareaskingfor,andrankstheseskillsbasedonhowtransferabletheyareacrossjobroles,sothatcitizenscanprioritiseandtakespecificactiontoupskillthemselves.Third,thereportalsoservestoguideSSG,aswellasprovidersofcontinuingeducationandtraining,torespondandadjustthecoursesandtrainingtomeettheneedsoftheeconomy,inatimelyfashion.This2022editionisasignificantenhancementfromtheinauguralreport,asSSGcontinuallyimprovesitsmethods,andstrengthensthenetworkofexpertsandcollaboratorsthatcontributetothereport.Usingbigdata,quantitativeanalysis,andresearchmethodologies,thereportprovidesreaderswithmoredetailedinformationontheskillsthatmatter,andonwhatemployersseek.Thereportalsoprovideslinkstotherelevantcoursesthatcanhelpcitizensgaintheseneededlsporttohavethefullbreadthanddepthtodescribetheskillsneedsofallsectorsintheeconomy.Norcanitbefullyup-to-datewiththemyriadinnovationsintechnologyandbusinessmodels.Therefore,tocomplementSSG’sskillsanalysiswork,theGovernmentisalsopilotingamodelwhereindustrysectorintermediariesareformallyappointedtogodeepintoeachsector,aggregatesectoralskillsneeds,andprovidetrainingthatcloselymatchthecareerneedsofindividualsandenterprises,bigandsmall.TheultimateobjectiveisforlifelonglearningtoenableSingaporeandSingaporeanstothriveinaworldthatisbecomingevermoredynamicandunpredictable.Thiswillrequirecompanies,unions,tradeassociations,adulteducators,andofcourseSingaporeansthemselvestoworktogether,poolourknowledgeandindustryunderstanding,andsupportoneanother’supskillingjourneys.forthatIamthankfultoallwhocontributed.©2022–Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemwithoutconsentfromSkillsFutureSingapore.wHATSNSTOREFORYO??DrGogSoonJooSkillsFutureSingaporeInthe2022editionoftheSkillsDemandfortheFutureEconomyReport,wecontinuetofocusonthethreehighgrowtheconomiesinSingapore–theGreenEconomy,theDigitalEconomy,andtheCareEconomy(ChaptersII-IV).Ineachofthesechapters,weupdatereaderswiththerecentdevelopmentsandtrendsinSingapore,andhighlightkeychangesinskillsdemand,byanalysingandpresentingthedemandgrowthandtransferabilityofpriorityskills.Inaddition,wedecidedtofeaturetheapplicationofpriorityskillsintwoways.Firstly,weprovideasectoralperspectiveofhowtheseskillsaredemandedintheadvancedmanufacturingsectorsinSingapore(ChapterV).ReaderswillbeabletoappreciatethedemandofIndustry4.0skills,digitaladvancedmanufacturingsectors.Secondly,weprovideapopulation-specificperspectiveofskillsdemand;specifically,weexamineupskillingoptionsforthemid-careerworkforce(ChapterVI),insupportofoureffortstosupportthisgroupintheircareerplanning.Animportantobjectiveofthischapteristoshowhowtheycantakeadvantageofpriorityskillstoaccessgrowthrolesconomiesandtheresourcesavailabletothem.CriticalCoreSkills(CCS)continuetobeimportant,moresoforenterprisesembarkingontransformationwhichrequirecommunication,coordinationandmanagement.Inthereport,wesharearecentlycompletedstudyontheuseanddevelopmentofCCSinSingaporeworkplaces(ChapterVII).IencouragereaderstotryouttheonlineCCSprofilingsurvey,sothatwecancontinuetoenhancethetoolanddeepenourunderstandingofCCSusageinvariousjobroles.ReaderscanlearnabouttheanalyticalmethodologiesdeployedforthereportintheMethodologychapter(ChapterIX).Supplementingthisreport,wealsoprovidethefulllistofpriorityskillsforinterestedreaders.FacebookandInstagrampagesforannouncementsonupcomingworkshopsandwebinars.Moreimportantly,Ihopethereportwillcatalysefurtherthinkingbyreadersontheirowncareerandlearninggoals,encouragingthemtopartakeinupskillingandreskillingopportunities.ThisreportistheculminationofeffortsfrommultiplestakeholdersinSingapore.SkillsFutureSingaporeisdeeplygratefultothemanycolleaguesfromgovernment,industrypartners,InstitutesofHigherLearning,andfellowSingaporeanswhohavecontributedtothisreport.Iinvitemoreprofessionalsandexpertstojoinusintheco-creationofjobs-skillsinsights.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.CONTENTSII.ExecutiveSummary5IIII.GreenEconomy8IIIIII.DigitalEconomy24IVIV.CareEconomy40 V.JobsandSkillsinIndustry4.0Implementation56 VI.GrowthOpportunitiesandSkills-basedPathwaysforMid-careerWorkers78 VII.TheUseandDevelopmentofCriticalCoreSkillsinSingapore96VIIIVIII.ChartingYourSkillsDevelopmentJourney108IXIX.Methodology114XX.Glossary119XIXI.Acknowledgements121GREENECONOMYDIGITALGREENECONOMYDIGITALECONOMYCAREECONOMYIntheinauguralSkillsDemandfortheFutureEconomyReportidentifiedtheGreen,Digitalandenewjobroles,changeexistingjobcontentandbringaboutnewskillsrequirementsacrossalargeswatheoftheeconomy.Italsointroducedtheideaof‘priorityskills’,whichareskillsthatarehighlytransferableacrossjobroleswithineachofthethreeeconomies.Inotherwords,theseskillsareapplicableinmanyjobrolesandwillcontributesignificantlytotheindividual’slongtermcareerversatility.Sincethen,therehavebeenredoubledeffortstogreenSingapore’seconomy;post-COVIDtailwindshavequickenedthepaceofdigitalisationandautomation;onthecareeconomyfront,therehasbeenincreasedfocusonpreventivehealthcare,lifelonglearningandmentalwell-being.SkillsFutureSingaporehas,therefore,decidedtomaintainthespotlightonthesethreeeconomiesinthe2022report.Buildingupontheinauguralreport,thisyear’sanalysisofskillsdemandhasbeenenrichedinthreeways.First,anewdimensiononskillsdemandgrowthhasbeenaddedandanalysedalongsideskillstransferability.Demandgrowthcapturestherelativescaleoftheincreaseindemandforthatskill,whiletransferabilitycapturesthescopeoftheskill’sapplicabilityacrossdifferentjobroles.Thetwo-dimensionalanalysisseekstoprovidedeeperinsightstothereaderonthenatureofthepriorityskillsidentified.5Second,achapterisincludedtoillustratehowtheseeconomy-wideskillsapplytoaparticularsegmentoftheeconomy,withitsdistinctrequirements.ThischapterexaminestheeffectofadoptingIndustry4.0(I4.0)technologiesandprocessesinthemanufacturingsectoronjobrolesandskills.ThechaptershowshowchangestojobsandskillsduetoI4.0arecloselyintertwinedwiththelargerdigitalisationandsustainabilitymovements.Third,thisreportincludescontenttolookatskillsacquisitionfromtheworker’sperspective,specificallyfocusingonaparticularsegmentoftheworkforce,namely,themid-careerworkers.Asjobrolesundergotransformationandredesign,theseworkerscanupskilltostayrelevant,orreskilltotakeonopportunitiesinadjacentgrowthroles.Someofthesetransitionsrequiremoreupskilling,butcanleadtogreater,longer-termreturns.Thereportprovidesaguidetohowmid-careerworkerscanassessthedifferentoptionsavailableandselectthosethatbestsupporttheircareeraspirationsforcareergrowth.Similartotheinauguralreport,achapteronsorsoftskillsisincludedInthisinstalment,somework-rolearchetypesweredevelopedtoshedlightonwhichofsuchskillsindividualsmightwanttoinvestin,dependingontheirwork-rolearchetypes.KEYHIGHLIGHTSA.TheGreenEconomyEmergingdomains1:•EnvironmentalandSustainabilityManagement•GreenInfrastructureandMobility•Energy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationanceManyexistingjobswillrequiregreenskills,ascompaniesacrosssectorsadoptmoreenvironmentallysustainablepracticesanddevelopsustainabilitytargetsforcomplianceandreporting.WhileGreenInfrastructureandMobility,andEnergy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationarekeyskillsareasthatseeveryhighdemandgrowth,theyaredwarfedbyskillsdemandgrowthinEmergingdomains1:•EnvironmentalandSustainabilityManagement•GreenInfrastructureandMobility•Energy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationanceB.TheDigitalEconomyEmergingdomains:•AI,DataandAnalytics•E-commerceandDigitalMarketing•CyberSecurityandRisk•Cloud,SystemsandInfrastructure•SoftwareDevelopment•TechnologyApplicationandManagementRidingonthepost-COVID-19wave,DigitalEconomyjobsandskillscontinuetoseehighdemand.Inparticular,SoftwareDevelopmentskillsseethehighestdemandgrowth,andalsoveryhightransferability.Cloud,SystemsandInfrastructureisclosebehindintermsofEmergingdomains:•AI,DataandAnalytics•E-commerceandDigitalMarketing•CyberSecurityandRisk•Cloud,SystemsandInfrastructure•SoftwareDevelopment•TechnologyApplicationandManagementC.TheCareEconomyEmergingdomains:•Person-centredCare•CollaborationwithStakeholders•TeachingandLearning•HealthandWellnessPreventivecare,workplacelearning,transformativehumanresource,learninganddevelopmentpractices,aswellastheimportanceplacedonmentalwell-beingaredrivingchangestojobsandskillsintheCareEconomy.CollaborationwithStakeholdersisakeyskillsareathatseesdemandgrowthwhilePersoncentredCareandTeachingandLearninghavethehighesttransferabilityinskillsDemandforHealthandEmergingdomains:•Person-centredCare•CollaborationwithStakeholders•TeachingandLearning•HealthandWellness6D.I4.0inmanufacturingsectorsI4.0technologiesandprocessesenablemanufacturingsectorstoincreaseproductivityandreduceenvironmentalfootprints.Engineersandothertechnicalworkersinthemanufacturingsectorsareincreasinglyrequiredtopossessdigitalandgreenskills.Non-techjobrolessuchasHRbusinesspartners,salesexecutivesandorderfulfilmentcoordinatorswillalsoneedtohavedigitalandgreenskillstostayrelevant.E.Mid-careerworkersMid-careerworkers,aged40to59,formhalfofSingapore’sresidentworkforceandarewell-representedinfivejobfamilies:(i)OperationsandAdministration;(ii)Sales,MarketingandCustomerService;(iii)HumanResource;(iv)FinanceandAccounting;and(v)EngineeringandTechnology.Asthesejobfamiliesevolve,mid-careerworkerswillneedtoupskilltostayrelevantwithinthesamejobfamilyortoreskilltomovetoanother.Therearepathwaysthatrequiregreatereffortinskilling,butmayalsoyieldgreaterlonger-termreturns.Mid-careerworkerswillneedtoassesstheircareerinterestsandgoals,theskillingintensitythattheyarecomfortablewith,andevaluatetheaffordabilityofskillingoptionsandtheattractivenessofnewjobroles.F.CriticalCoreSkills(CCS)CCSareseeingincreasingdemandfromemployersasbusinessestransform.ThetopthreemostimportantCCSusedatworkareSelfManagement,InfluenceandCreativeThinking.Sevenwork-rolearchetypesareidentified,eachwithitsdistinctiveCCSrequirements.Ingeneral,workplacelearningisaneffectivemodefordevelopingCCS.G.ResourcesforactionCuratedcoursesareavailableattheendofeachchapterasquickreferencesforthereader.CitizenscanaccesstheMySkillsFutureportalforalongerlistofcoursesandspeakwithSkillsAmbassadorstogainclarityontheircareerandskillinginterestsandoptions.Industryvoicesandindividuals’storiesprovideinsightsintowhatemployersarelookingforandskillingpathwayswalkedbyfellowcitizens.AlistofresourcescanbefoundintheChartingYourSkillsDevelopmentJourneychapter.Itishopedthattheinsightsandresourcesinthisreportwillempowercitizenstorespondtochange,stayrelevantandseizegrowthopportunities.7••Manyexistingjobswillrequiregreenskillsascompaniesacrosssectorsadoptmoreenvironmentallysustainablepracticesanddevelopsustainabilitytargetsforcomplianceandreporting•Environmental,sustainability,andcompliance-relatedgreenskillsarethemosttransferableacrosssectorsandjobroles,andare‘noregrets’movesforcitizensandworkforcetostartupskillinginPlaninMarch2021,effortshavebeenacceleratingtogreenoursharedenvironmentandeconomy.Forexample,thereareambitiousnewgreentargetsundertheSingaporeGreenBuildingMasterplantogreen80%ofbuildingsby2030,have80%ofnewbuildingstobesuperlowenergy,andachieve80%improvementinenergyefficiencyforbest-in-classgreenbuildings1.Effortstodecarboniseourenergysector,scaleupinvestmentsinwatertechnologies,andgeneratenewenergyfromwasteusinginnovativewaste-to-energytechnologiesarejustsomeoftheGreenEconomyinitiativestobettermanageourlimitedresourcessustainably.Regionalcollaborationsarealsocrucialinthejourneytowardssustainability.Forexample,Singaporehasstartedimportingrenewableenergyfromtheregionaspartofplanstoreducethecarbonfootprintofthepowersector.Thisisnotonlyonesteptowardsournet-zerogoals,butalsostrengthensenergysecurityandsupplydiversification,contributingtowardseconomicdevelopmentfortheregionasawhole.Otherinitiativesinsustainablefinance,electrificationofvehicles,agriculturetechnology(agri-tech),andsustainabletourismwillrequireconcertedeffortsacrosspublic,privateandnon-governmentalorganisationstoscaleupthesupportinginvestmentandinfrastructure.AsAsiamakesitstransitiontonetzero,Singaporeaimstobeitscentreforsustainabilitysolutions.Towardsthisend,theClimateImpactX(CIX)–aglobalcarbonexchangeandmarketplace–hasbeenestablishedinSingapore.Aregionalsustainableaviationfuel(SAF)productionhub,capableofrefininguptoonemillioncubicmetrictonnesofSAF,isslatedforcompletionin20232.AseffortsacceleratetogreentheeconomyandgrowtheGreenEconomy,relevantjobs,skillsandtalentneedscanbeexpectedtoalsogrowintandem3.Thisrequiresemployers,InstitutesofHigherLearningandtrainingproviderstoworkverycloselytogether,sothatskillsdemandcanbetranslatedquicklyintocurriculumdesignandskillstrained.OnesuchinitiativeistheNationalElectricVehicle(EV)SpecialistSafety4certificationprogramme,underthenationalEVRoadmap,whichwaslaunchedthisyeartoupskillautomotivetechniciansinthemaintenanceandservicingofEVs.ThissupportsEVadoptionandgreensSingapore’stransportsystem5.ChannelNewsAsia,20229EmergingdomainsintheGreenEconomySkillsofincreasingimportancetotheGreenEconomycanbedefinedinfouremergingmainsasfollows •EnvironmentalandSustainabilityManagement •Energy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationskillsassociatedwiththemanagementandmaximisingofresourcesthroughmeasurestoclosetheresourceloop,thesustainableuseofenergy,andthemitigationofglobalwarmingimpactthroughthereductionoreliminationofgreenhousegas6emissions.Asacitystate,oururbaninfrastructuresuchasourbuiltenvironmentandtransportationsystems •GreenInfrastructureandMobilitycontributetoasizeableportionofSingapore’s •SustainableFinanceInfrastructureand •SustainableFinanceInfrastructureandMobilitydomainincludesskillsthatsupportthetransitiontowardsasustainableandeco-friendlybuiltenvironment,aswellastheTheEnvironmentalandSustainabilitygreeningofair,landandseatransportsystems.ManagementdomainestablishesthebaselineknowledgeandskillsindifferentaspectsofUnderpinningtheGreenEconomyisaneedforenvironmentandsustainabilitymanagementstrongfinancialinfrastructuretochannelpublicthatareapplicableacrossallindustrysectorsandprivatesectorinvestmentsintovariousgreenandworkforce.Itrelatestotheestablishmentorgreeninginitiatives.TheSustainableFinanceofgovernanceandadherencetoenvironmentaldomainfocusesonskillsthatareimportantinandsustainabilitycompliancerequirements,strengtheningthefinancialecosystemandthesustainabilitypolicies,andsystemsandprocessesprovisionofsustainablefinance,especiallyintomeasure,report,verifyandmanagerelationtoregulations,standardssettingenvironmentandsustainabilityinitiatives,(includingtaxonomyofsustainableactivities),programmesandclimatemitigationefforts.financialinstrumentsforgreeninvestments(includinggreenbondsandloans),andtheAnotherkeyfocusoftheGreenEconomyisontheoperationalisationofcarbonmarkets.sustainableuseofresources.TheEnergy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationdomainrelatesto?0HIGHDEMANDGROwTH1700%CarbonMarketsandDecarbonisationStrategiesManagementMODERATE1550%SustainableInvestmentManagementTRANSFERABILITYNo.ofskills:HIGHDEMANDGROwTHHIGHTRANSFERABILITY9SolarPhotovoltaicEnergyAssessmentTheseskillstendtoHIGHDEMANDGROwTH1700%CarbonMarketsandDecarbonisationStrategiesManagementMODERATE1550%SustainableInvestmentManagementTRANSFERABILITYNo.ofskills:HIGHDEMANDGROwTHHIGHTRANSFERABILITY9SolarPhotovoltaicEnergyAssessmentTheseskillstendtobemorespecifictogrowthsectorssuchasbuiltenvironmentandsustainablefinance.amplesofskillsFacilitiesManagementCarbonMarketsandDecarbonisationStrategiesManagement UrbanFarmingImplementationandManagementSmartFacilitiesManagement Climate-mitigatingFeaturesinBuiltEnvironmentCarbonFootprintManagement NovelFoodDevelopmentandImplementationRenewableEnergySystemManagementandIntegrationMODERATEDEMANDGROwTHHIGHTRANSFERABILITYNo.ofskills:Theseskillstendtobemoretransferableandneeded acrosssectorsandjobfunctions.amplesofskillsvironmentalSustainabilityManagementSustainableEngineering SustainableFoodProductionDesigntainableEngineeringEnergyManagementandAuditGreenBuildingStrategy ImpactIndicatorsMeasurementandReportingImplementationSkillTitleGreenFacilitiesManagementCarbonMarketsandDecarbonisationStrategiesManagementEnvironmentandSocialGovernanceCarbonFootprintManagementSmartGridImplementationandIntegrationUrbanFarmingBusinessDevelopmentandManagementSustainableEngineering2300%GreenFacilitiesManagement EnvironmentandSocialGovernanceNo.ofskills:Theseskillstendtoexperiencehighgrowthacrosssectorsandjobfunctions.amplesofskillsCarbonFootprintManagementocialEnvironmentalSustainabilityManagementSolarPhotovoltaicSystemDesign FarmingBusinessDevelopmentandManagement SmartGridImplementationandIntegrationMODERATEDEMANDGROwTHMODERATETRANSFERABILITYNo.ofskills:7nenergyandurbanfarming.amplesofskillsSmartGridImplementationandIntegrationsDevelopmentandManagement FigureGPriorityskillsintheGreenEconomythatrequireagivenpriorityskill7.RefertotheMethodologychapterforfurtherdetails.EnvironmentalSustainabilityManagementDescriptionManagefacilityoperationsandmaintenancetominimiseenvironmentalimpactandoperationalcostsefficientlyLeadorganisation’sstrategyandpoliciesinresponsetocurrentandprojectedcarbonpolicy,marketdevelopmentsanddecarbonisationstrategies,andprovidesupportfortheorganisationandclientsintheireffortstodecarboniseandbecomenet-zeroUnderstandthelatestindustryand/orclientstandardsregardingEnvironmentandSocialGovernance(ESG)andundertakeESGresearchactivitiesQuantifyandreducetheorganisationalcarbonfootprintDevelopandimplementanintegratedsmartgridsystemusingvariousdistributedenergysourcesandenergymanagementsystemsApplyknowledgeofurbanfarmingtechniquestoformulatecompetitiveagribusinessstrategies,incorporatingagri-technologyinnovationsandsustainablefarm-to-marketbusinesspracticesandvalue-chainIntegrateenvironmentalsustainabilitythroughthedevelopment,implementationandreviewofsustainabilitystrategiesandprogrammesagainstindustrybestpracticesDesign,constructandoperateengineeringsystemsandassetstooptimiseenergymanagementandenhanceenvironmentalperformance???21414KeyjobsandskillstrendsintheGreenEconomyA.GreenInfrastructureandMobilityKeyjobsandskillstrendsintheGreenEconomyA.GreenInfrastructureandMobility,andEnergy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisationdomainshavethehighestskillsdemandgrowth TableG1:EmergingdomainswithhighestskillsdemandgrowthEMERGINGDOMAINDEMANDGROwTHEXAMPLEOFSKILLEXAMPLEOFJOBROLEGreenInfrastructureandMobility•Climate-mitigatingFeaturesinBuiltEnvironment•GreenFacilitiesManagement•ElectricVehicleandHybridElectricVehicleMaintenanceManagement•Architect/Architecturalte•Buildingsupervisor•Technician(automotive)Energy,ResourceCircularityandDecarbonisation•RenewableEnergySystemManagementandIntegration•SolarPhotovoltaicEnergyAssessment•UrbanFarmingImplementationandManagement•Solarphotovoltaicprojectdevelopmentengineer•Energysystemsengineer•AutomationengineerDemandforskillsintheGreenInfrastructureandMobilitydomainhasgrownbyalmost200%from2018to2021.Thisresultsfromthegrowingneedtoimbuegreenbuildingstrategiesintoeveryaspectofthebuiltenvironment,andthetransitiontocleanere