2022高考英语一轮复习学案B3U5

2022高考英语一轮复习学案必修三Unit5Canada-TheTrueNorth复习目标总揽高频单词quizministern.________continentn.________baggagen.________chatvi.&n.________sceneryn.________eastwardadv.________surroundvt.&vi.________harbourn.(=harbor)________measurevi.&vt.________aboardprep.&adv.________eaglen.________withinprep.________bordern.________slightadj.________slightlyadv._______acren.________urbanadj.________________话题________混合；调配________灌木（丛）；矮树（丛）________枫；枫树________霜；霜冻________证实；证明；批准________富有的________距离；远方________薄雾________公用电话间；货摊；售货亭________市区的adv.在市区；往市区________接近；大约________黎明；拂晓；破晓________自助餐；饮食柜台________宽阔的；广泛的________传统；风俗________使恐怖；恐吓________欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的________使印象深刻；使铭记高频短语ratherthan________settledown________managetodo________________看见；瞥见________对……有天赋________在远处高频句型1.Ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada.2.Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.3.Thatnight,theysleptasthetrainrushedthroughthenightacrossthetopofLakeSuperior,throughtheforestsandsouthwardtowardToronto.重点语法同位语从句书面表达报告写作单元考点突破高频单词1.surroundvt.&vi.包围，围绕【典型例句】部队已将该城包围。Thehousewassurroundedbyhighwalls.房子的四周有高墙。Theyhavesurroundedthetownwithtroops.他们出动军队包围了该城。【归纳拓展】surround...with...使surround...with...使……包围besurroundedby/with被……包围【温馨提示】surroundingadj.附近的;周围的surroundingsn.环境;周围的事物【词义辨析】surroundings/condition/environmentsurroundings意为surroundings/condition/environmentsurroundings意为“环境”时，要用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。Sheworksinpleasantsurroundings.她在愉快的环境中工作。It’sdifficulttoimagineyou’relivinginsuchpoorconditions.很难想像你在这样差的条件下生活。Anunhappyhomeenvironmentcanaffectachild’sbehavior.不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。【考点专练】单项填空bythepolice,thethiefhadnochoicebuttosurrender（投降）.A.SurroundedB.HavingsurroundedC.TobesurroundedD.Surrounding解析:选A。besurroundedby被……包围。句子主语thethief与surround呈被动关系。故选A。2.bordern.边界；国界；边沿vt.&vi.与……接壤；接近【典型例句】Imethiminabordertown.我在一座边境小镇认识了他。Shecrossedtheborderindisguise.她伪装过了边境。【词义辨析】border/boundary/bounds/frontierborder/boundary/bounds/frontier这四个词都含有“边界”的意思。border指“边界”时，常指“边境”，即沿着两国边界的地区。boundary指“边界线”，主要指领土的边界。bounds指“具体的界线”，常用复数形式，主要用于诗文中。frontier指“就一国而言的边界”。【考点专练】单项填空Herhandkerchiefhasablue,whichmakesitspecialintheroom.A.BorderB.lineC.map解析:选A。句意为：她的手帕有一个蓝色的花边，这使它在房间里很特别。border此处意为“边饰”。3.measurevi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定n.［C,U］尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施；（一定的）量，程度【典型例句】Thepianistgavealongandvariedrecital,withacoupleofencoresforgoodmeasure.那钢琴家的独奏演出会时间长、节目多，还加奏了两支曲子。Hisresignationisameasureofhowangryheis.从他辞职一事可见其气愤的程度。Hemeasuredthelengthoftheroom.他量了房间的长度。【归纳拓展】measureAbyB用B衡量Asth.measures2metresby4metres某物长measureAbyB用B衡量Asth.measures2metresby4metres某物长4米宽2米measuresb.forasuit=makeasuittosb’smeasure给某人量身做一套衣服takemeasures采取措施beyondmeasure无法估计；极度full/shortmeasure足量/不足量infullmeasure最大程度地，最大限度地insome/equalmeasure在某种/同等程度上【典型例句】Canyoumeasureaccuratelywiththisruler?用这把尺子能量得准吗?It’shardtomeasurehisabilitywhenwehaven’tseenhiswork.没有见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。Ourthanksaredueinequalmeasuretoeverymemberoftheteam.我们同样感谢每一位队员。Wemusttakepreventivemeasurestoreducecrimeinthearea.我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。【考点专练】(1)完成句子①Thetailormadeasuit（为我量身订做）.②Successisn’t(以……衡量)howmuchmoneyyouhave.(2)翻译句子①我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。②一棵高达30米的树被砍倒了。答案：(1)①tomymeasure②measuredby(2)①Ourclassroommeasures10metersby6meters.②Atreemeasuring30meterswascutdown.4.distancen.距离；远方v.不介入，与……疏远【典型例句】Ishisdistancearesultofsnobberyorshyness?他态度冷淡是因为他势利眼呢，还是因为他腼腆？Wecanseeawindmillinthedistance.我们可以望见远处有架风车。Wecanseethemountainfromthedistance.我们从远处就可以看到那座山。【归纳拓展】atadistance隔一段距离；距离稍远atadistance隔一段距离；距离稍远inthedistance在远方outofdistancefrom离……太远；达不到keepsb.atadistance对……冷淡；与……疏远keepdistancefrom与……保持距离distanceoneselffrom使远离；使疏远Myhouseisfourmilesdistancefromthesea.我家离海4英里。What’sthedistancetoBeijing?到北京的距离是多少？Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse.海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。Wesawlightsinthedistance.我们看到了远处的灯火。ShewaswarnedtokeepherdistancefromJohnifshedidntwanttogethurt.有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点。Afterheretired,hetriedtodistancehimselffrompolitics.退休后，他便尽量使自己远离政治。【考点专练】单项填空Allhumanbeingshaveacomfortablezoneregulatingthetheykeepfromsomeonetheytalkwith.A.DistanceB.scopeC.rangeD.boundary解析:选A。keepdistancefrom与……保持距离。5.mixvt.&vi.混合；调配【典型例句】Hefindsithardtomixatparties.他感到很难在聚会上与人攀谈。Inmyjob,Imixwithallsortsofpeople.我在工作中常和各种人打交道。Youcan'tmixoilwithwater.你不能把油和水混合。【归纳拓展】mixAand/withB把A与B混合起来mixAand/withB把A与B混合起来mixsth.up把某物拌和；混淆某物mixsth.in/into把某物掺进去be/getmixedupwithsth./sb.与某事有关；与某人混在一起Thechemistmixed(up)somemedicineforme.药剂师给我配了些药。Oilandwaterdon’tmix.油和水不能混合。Oilwon’tmixwithwater.油不能和水混合【温馨提示】mixturen.［U,C］混合（物）；混合状态【考点专练】用mix相关短语的适当形式填空①Don’ttrytobusinesspleasure.②Mixtheeggstheflour.③Idon’twanttointheaffair.答案：①mix;with②into③bemixedup6.impressvt.使印象深刻；使铭记【典型例句】Thesightsofthecityneverfailtoimpressforeigntourists.外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。Weweremostimpressedwith/byyourefficiency.你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。【归纳拓展】impresssth.on/uponsb.=impresssb.with/bysth.impresssth.on/uponsb.=impresssb.with/bysth.使某人铭记某事impressionn.［C］印象；感想impressiveadj.给人印象深刻的；令人敬佩的make/give/createanimpressionon/upon...给……一个印象have/gettheimpressionthat/of有……的印象【考点专练】用impress相关短语的适当形式填空①Fathermethevalueofhardwork.②Onecandidateinparticularusherknowledge.③Youanexcellentus.④WhenIfirstmethimIhewasahumorousman.答案：①impressedon②impressed;with③made;impressionupon④hadtheimpressionthat高频短语1.settledown舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯于新的生活方式/工作等【典型例句】Shesettleddowninanarmchairtoreadherbook.她舒适地坐在扶手椅上看书。Whenareyougoingtomarryandsettledown?你什么时候结婚过上安定生活?【归纳拓展】settledowntodoingsth.使settledowntodoingsth.使……安下心来做某事settle(down)in...在……定居下来settleadispute/anargument/anissue解决争端/争论/问题【考点专练】(1)单项填空Newwaterwellsencouragedpeoplenearthewells.A.tobesettleddownB.tosettledownC.tobesettlingdownD.tolivedown(2)完成句子Somethingisdisturbinghim,sohecan’t(安下心来)hiswork.(3)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空Hefinallysettleddownto(do)hishomework.解析:(1)选B。考查固定搭配。encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事；settledown定居。(2)settledownto(3)doing2.catchsightof看见【典型例句】Shesaidthatshecaughtsightofmeinthecrowd.她说她在人群中一下子就看见了我。【归纳拓展】atfirstsight初次见到时；乍看上去atfirstsight初次见到时；乍看上去atthesightof一看见……就……losesightof看不见outofsight看不见（视野之外）in/withinsight看得见；在眼前【考点专练】单项填空Therewasnobodywhenthemancameroundthecorner.A.outofsightB.atsightC.losesightD.insight解析:选D。根据句意可知,空格处的意思应该是“视野之内；看见”。insight看得见；在眼前。3.asfaras远到，直到；至于【典型例句】I’llwalkwithyouasfarasthepostoffice.我会陪你走到邮局。I’vereadasfarasthethirdchapter.我已读到第三章了。【归纳拓展】asfarassb.cansee/tell/rememberasfarassb.cansee/tell/remember就某人看来/所说/所记得as/sofarassb./sth.isconcerned就某人/事而言farfromsth.毫不；一点也不；远非Sofar,sogood.(谚)到目前为止，一切都很顺利。【考点专练】完成句子①(对我个人来说),youcandowhatyoulike.②Theproblemis(绝非易事).③We’llgobytrain(直到)London,andthentakeabus.答案：①AsfarasI’mconcerned②farfromeasy③hedistance在远处；在远方【典型例句】Wecanseethemountaininthedistance.我们从远处就可以看到那座山。Nightfell,thehillsinthedistanceturndarkblue.夜色渐近，远处的山变成了深蓝色。【归纳拓展】atadistance隔一段距离，距离稍远一些atadistance隔一段距离，距离稍远一些fromadistance从远方keepadistance别靠近；保持距离keepsb.atadistance对某人保持疏远【考点专练】用适当的介词填空①Wecanseeawindmillthedistance.②Thepicturelooksbetteradistance.答案:①in②at5.haveagiftfor对……有天赋giftedadj.有天赋的，有才的【典型例句】Hehasagiftfordancing.他有跳舞的天赋。Motherhasagiftformakingpeoplefeelathome.妈妈有一种总让人感觉像在自己家一样的天赋。Thecomposerisalsoagiftedpianist.这位作曲家也是位很有天赋的钢琴家。【考点专练】单项填空YouhaveaformusicandIthinkyoucanhaveachancetobeagreatsinger.A.PowerB.skillC.energyD.gift解析：选D。考查固定搭配。haveagiftfor对……有天赋。高频句型1.Ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada.她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。常用结构：ratherthan...是……而不是……；与其……不如……；不愿【典型例句】Heranratherthanwalked.他是跑的而不是走的。Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.与其让蔬菜烂掉，他不如半价把它们卖掉。【归纳拓展】doAratherthandoB=ratherthandoB,sb.doesAdoAratherthandoB=ratherthandoB,sb.doesA某人不做B却做AAratherthanB是A而不是BwouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB宁可做A而不做BprefertodoAratherthandoB最喜欢做A而不做Bwouldrathersb.did/haddonesth.宁愿某人做某事【温馨提示】ratherthan表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但ratherthan位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。【考点专练】(1)用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空①Ratherthan(ride)onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers(ride)abicycle.②I’dratheryou(notcome)yesterday.③IthinkTom,ratherthanyou,(blame).(2)翻译句子①他一路跑过来而不是走过来。②她喜欢把一些东西保存在房间里而不是把它们扔掉，尽管大部分都是无用的。答案：(1)①ride;toride②hadn’tcome③istoblame(2)①Hecamerunningallthewayratherthanwalking.②Shelikestokeepthingsinthehouseratherthanthrowthemaway,thoughmanyareuseless.2.Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。somemeasuringover90meters是独立主格结构。【思维发散】独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。构成形式：名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。①作时间状语:Themeetingover,theyleftthehall.会议结束了，他们离开了大厅。②作原因状语:Mywatchhavingbeenlost,Ididn’tknowwhattimeitwas.我的表丢了，我不知道几点钟了。③作条件状语:Timepermitting,Ishallgotothecinemawithyou.如果时间允许的话，我会和你一起去看电影。④描述伴随行为或补充说明:Maryenteredtheroom,herhandsinherpockets.玛丽走进房间，手放在口袋里。【考点专练】(1)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空①Thetest(finish),webeganourholiday.②Weather(permit),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(2)完成句子①Hecameintotheroom,hisears(冻得发红).②Hecameoutofthelibrary,abook(夹在胳膊下).答案：(1)①finished②permitting(2)①redwithcold②underhisarm3.Thatnight,theysleptasthetrainrushedthroughthenightacrossthetopofLakeSuperior,throughtheforestsandsouthwardtowardToronto.那天夜里，当列车急驰过苏必利尔湖北部，穿越数片森林、向南驶往多伦多的时候，姐妹俩在车上睡着了。asconj.当……的时候,一边……一边,随着【典型例句】IslippedontheiceasIranhome.我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。Shesangassheworked.她一边工作一边唱歌。Isawhimashewasgettingoffthebus.正当他下公共汽车时,我看见了他。Asachild,helivedinAmerica.他小时候住在美国。Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.随着你年龄的增长,你会变得更聪明【思维发散】asconj.与……一样,像;因为，当……之时,【典型例句】RunasIdo.像我这样跑。Leaveitasitis.保持原状,不要动它。HecanrunasfastasIcan.他能跑得和我一样快。Sheworksinthesamebuildingasmysister.她和我的妹妹在同一栋大楼上班。Iwenttobedearly,asIwasexhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。语法详解同位语从句一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1.由that引导Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他们为你生病发愁。Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不实。I’vecometotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。HereferredtoCopernicus’statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。【注意1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。Icanunderstandtheireagernessthatyoushouldbethemainspeaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：HegabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.由whether引导Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.他是否会来还不一定。Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.你回答我的问题：你来不来。Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.这个是对还是错要看结果。Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。3.由连接代词引导Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么时候开始吗?From1985-90Iwasaninstructorattheregionalpartyheadquarters.AfterthatIwentbacktoworkinafactory.ThenIhadnoideawhatacasinowas.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。4.由连接副词引导Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做的问题。Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她为什么离开。YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!你不知道我多着急!二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.传说他打老婆。Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1．意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome，故that引导的是同位语从句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。4.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：Ihavenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)(fromdon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothemeetingisthatheisill.他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)【语法专练】1.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.析：答案为middleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：2.Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.析：答案为hasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。3.Sheheardaterriblenoise，____broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)析：答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为aterriblenoise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：4.