新视野大学英语3读写教程(第三版)u1课件

3Unit1SectionANever,evergiveup!FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSPPT课件

AIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY13UNIT1

Thewaytosuccess

Geniusis1%inspiration,99%perspiration.Accordingly,a“genius”isoftenmerelya

talentedpersonwhohasdoneallofhisorherhomework.

—ThomasEdison(Americaninventor)Dothebestyoucanineverytask,nomatterhowunimportantitmayseematthetime.—SandraDayO'Connor(Americanjurist)

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23UNIT1

Thewaytosuccess

SectionA

Never,evergiveup!ObjectivesTotalkaboutthesecretofsuccessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheessaywritingskillPPT课件

3SectionANever,evergiveup!

ContentsWarming-upactivitiesTextstudyLanguageapplicationSummaryPPT课件

4SectionANever,evergiveup!

Warming-upactivitiesLead-inPre-readingactivitiesCulturalbackgroundPPT课件

5Lead-inShortanswerquestions1.Whatissuccess??????ToliveyourlifethewayyouwanttoliveitToearnmoney,power,andfameTobesurroundedbypeopleyouadmireandrespectToachieveyourdreams,desires,hopes,wishes,etc.Asuccessfulmanisonewhocanlayafirmfoundationwiththebricksothershavethrownathim.PPT课件

6Lead-inShortanswerquestions2.Whatdoyouthinkarethesecretsofsuccess?????AstrongwillandadequatepreparationDeterminationandpersistenceWellbegunishalfdone.Whenyouwantsuccessasbadlyasyouwantedair,youwillgetit.

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7Pre-readingactivitiesListenandtalkListentoatalkaboutstepstomakeyourdreamscometrue.Fillintheblanksbasedonwhatyouhear.1Aslongasyouarecommittedtoyourgoalsandyouare___________aboutyourdreams,youwillpassionate__________eventuallyaccomplishthem.2Toaccomplish________resultsinyourlife,youhaveamazingtobe100percentcommittedandyoumustbewillingto________yourtimeandeffort.sacrifice3Whatarethethreestepsthatyoushouldfollowtoachievesuccess?

1)__________Mapyourgoalsout_______

2)________________Believeinyourself

3)________________TakeactionPPT课件

8Pre-readingactivitiesListenandtalkListentothetalkagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydomostpeoplefailtoachievesuccessintheend?2.Canyouthinkofanyotherhelpfulstepsthatcanbetakentomakeyourdreamcometrue?PPT课件

9Pre-readingactivitiesListenandtalk1.Whydomostpeoplefailtoachievesuccessintheend??Nothavethepassion;?Notclearaboutwhattheywant;?Notknowtheexactdestinationthattheywanttoreach;?Notfocusonwhattheywant.PPT课件

10Pre-readingactivitiesListenandtalk2.Canyouthinkofanyotherhelpfulstepsthatcanbetakentomakeyourdreamcometrue??First,tolearntoadoptsuitablestrategies;?Second,torealizethesignificanceoflearning;?Finally,tocreateorfindopportunitiesratherthanwaitforopportunitiestofindus.PPT课件

11Pre-readingactivitiesCompounddictationListentoashortpassageonsuccessandfillinthemissinginformation.

Wecannottraveleverypath.Successmustbewonalongoneline.Wemustmakeourbusinesstheonelifepurposetowhicheveryothermustbe___________.subordinateIhateathingdonebyhalves.Ifitberight,doitboldly.Ifitbewrong,leaveitundone.ThemenofhistorywerenotperpetuallylookingintothemirrortoAbsorbedmakesureoftheirownsize._________intheirworktheydidit.PPT课件

12Pre-readingactivitiesCompounddictationListentoashortpassageonsuccessandfillinthemissinginformation.Theydiditsowellthatthewonderingworldseesthemtobegreat,and________labeledthemaccordingly.Tolivewithahighidealisasuccessfullife.Itisnotwhatonedoes,butwhatonetriestodo,thatmakesamanstrong.“Eternal

vigilance,”

ithasbeensaid,“is

thepriceof________.liberty”Withequaltruthitmaybesaid,“Unceasingeffortisthepriceofsuccess.”

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13Pre-readingactivitiesCompounddictationListentoashortpassageonsuccessandfillinthemissinginformation.

Ifwedonotworkwithourmight,otherswill;andtheywilloutstripusintherace,andplucktheprizefromourgrasp.Successgrowslessandless

___________dependentonluckandchance.Self-distrustisthecauseofmostofourfailures.Thegreatand_____________helptosuccessindispensableischaracter.Characterisacrystallizedhabit,theresultoftrainingandconviction.PPT课件

14Pre-readingactivitiesCompounddictationListentoashortpassageonsuccessandfillinthemissinginformation.

Everycharacterisinfluencedbyheredity,environmentandeducation.Buttheseapart,ifeverymanwerenottobeagreatextentthe_________ofhisowncharacter,hewouldbearchitectafatalist,and____________irresponsiblecreatureofcircumstances.Insteadofsayingthatmanisacreatureofcircumstance,itwouldbenearerthemarktosaythatmanisthearchitectofcircumstance.PPT课件

15Pre-readingactivitiesCompounddictationListentoashortpassageonsuccessandfillinthemissinginformation.

Fromthesamematerialsonemanbuilds________,palacesanotherhovel.Bricksandmortararemortarandbricks,untilthearchitectcanmakethemsomethingelse.Thetruewaytogainmuchisneverto______desiretogaintoomuch.Wisemendon't

careforwhattheycan'thave.PPT课件

16CulturalbackgroundPublicschoolsintheUK&USQuestionsPreviewing1.WhatdoyouknowaboutpublicschoolsintheUK?Tips2.WhatdoyouknowaboutpublicschoolsintheUS?TipsPPT课件

17CulturalbackgroundPublicschoolsintheUK&US1.WhatdoyouknowaboutpublicschoolsintheUK?????Eton,Harrow,Winchester,etc.;Independentofthestatesystem;Educatesecondary-levelstudentsforafee;EvolvedfromaninstitutionofthelateEuropeanMiddleAgesorRenaissance;?CurriculumplacedheavyemphasisontheGreekandRomanclassics.PPT课件

18CulturalbackgroundPublicschoolsintheUK&US2.WhatdoyouknowaboutpublicschoolsintheUS??Elementaryorsecondaryschoolsmandatedforallchildrenbythegovernment;?Paid,inpartorinwhole,bypublicfundingfromtaxation;?Institutionsofpost-secondaryeducationoverseenbygovernment.PPT课件

19SectionANever,evergiveup!

TextstudyMainidea&structureLanguagefocusCriticalthinkingPPT课件

20Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsPara.1Asayoungboy,WinstonChurchillattendedHarrowapublicschoolcalled_______.Thoughnotagoodstudent,hedidfinishatHarrowandwentontotheuniversity.Heeventuallyhadapremierarmycareerandwaselectedprimeminister.Hisamazing_____________helpeddeterminationmotivatedhisentirenationandwasan__________worldwide.inspirationPPT课件

21Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsWhatdidChurchillsaywhenhewasinvitedtoaddressthepatrioticyoungboysathisoldschool,Harrow?(Para.2)TipsYoungmen,nevergiveup.Nevergiveup!Nevergiveup!Never,never,never,never!PPT课件

22Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsPartI—Paras.1–

__2ByusingWinstonChurchill's

storyandhisspeechatHarrowasanintroductiontothetopic,thetextmakesclearitsstatement:thesecretofsuccessis“____________”Nevergiveup.PPT课件

23Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsWhatcantheexamplesofEinstein,EdisonandAbrahamLincolnillustrate?(Paras.3-4)TipsPersonalhistory,educationalopportunity,individualdilemmas–noneofthesecaninhibitastrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.PPT课件

24Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsWhatcantheexampleofSandraDayO'Connor

illustrate?(Paras.5-6)Tips?Keeptheireyesontheprize;?Upholdacommittedandfocusedwillandspirit;?Havethewilltoovercomeprofoundobstaclesandtoworkdiligently.PPT课件

25Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsPara.7Thesecretofsuccessisbaseduponaburning_____________inwarddesire–arobust,fiercewillandfocus–thatfuelsthe_____________todeterminationact,tokeeppreparing,tokeepgoingevenwhenwearetiredandfail.It'snothowmanytimesyoufalldownthatmatters.It'showmanygetbackuptimesyou___________thatmakessuccess!PPT课件

26Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsPartII—Paras.3–

7Throughtheexamplesofworldfamousscientists,statesman,andjurist,thetextbringsforwardthestatementthatonlythosewithastrongwillthosewho“keep

theireyeson__________,expendthetheprize”,andthosewho__________substantialeffort_______________tokeepgoing,willfinallysucceed.PPT课件

27Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsWhatistheconclusionofthetext?(Para.8)Tips?Wherethere'sawill,there'saway;

?Hardwork,determinationdedicationandpreparation;?Transcendhandicap;?Accomplishanyfeatandachievesuccess.PPT课件

28Mainidea&structureMainideasofthepartsPartIII—Para.8ByreinforcingthestatementgiveninpartII,thetextdrawstheconclusionthatwithhardwork,determination_____________,dedicationandpreparation,transcendyoucan_________anyhandicap,accomplishachievesuccessanyfeat,and______________.PPT课件

29Mainidea&structureStructureofthetextIntroduction

Churchillmanagedtobeasuccessfulman“Nevergiveup”isalthoughthespeechgivenbyhewasnotagoodChurchilltostudentwhenhewasyoungboysinhisyoung.(Para.1)oldschool.(Para.2)

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30Mainidea&structureStructureofthetextIntroductionIllustrationTheexampleofTheexamplesofEinstein,Edison,andSandraDayO'Connorshows

Lincolncanwellthatonlythosewhoillustratethat“keeptheireyeson

nothingcaninhibitatheprize”willfind

strongspirittheirendeavorscommittedtosuccessful.success.(Paras.3-4)(Paras.5-6)PPT课件

Withoutsubstantialeffort,onlysayingthattheywantsomethingwillnotbringsuccesstopeople.(Para.7)31Mainidea&structureStructureofthetextIntroductionIllustrationConclusionWithhardwork,determination,dedicationandpreparation,youcantranscendanyhandicap,accomplishanyfeat,andachievesuccess.(Para.8)PPT课件

32Mainidea&structureStructureofthetextIntroductionIllustrationConclusionPPT课件

33Mainidea&structureSummaryofthetextNever,evergiveup!Wheninvitedtoaddressthepatrioticyoungboysathisoldschool,Harrow,Britain'sgreatPrimeMinister,SirWinstonChurchillgavethisshort,clear-cutspeech:“Youngmen,___________.Nevergiveup!nevergiveupNevergiveup!_____________________!”Never,never,never,never

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34Mainidea&structureSummaryofthetexteducationalopportunityPersonalhistory,___________________,individualdilemmas–noneofthesecan_____inhibitastrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.TakeAlbertEinstein,ThomasEdisonandAbrahamLincolnasanexample.Despitetheimmenseobstaclesandextremecriticism,theirstrongwill,________,optimismdedicationanddeterminationtriumphovertheenabledthemto___________overwhelmingfailuresandprofounddifficultiesintheirlives.PPT课件

35Mainidea&structureSummaryofthetextManyartists,statesmen,writersandinventorsachievedprosperitybecausetheypossesseda______________________tocommittedandfocusedwillkeeppreparingandworkingandapassiontosucceed.Manypeoplesimplysaythattheywantexpendthesomething,buttheydonot___________substantialeffort______________requiredtoachieveit.Manypeopleletthethreatoffailurestopthemfromtryingwithalloftheirheart.PPT课件

36Mainidea&structureSummaryofthetextThesecretofsuccessisbaseduponaburninginwarddesirethat_____fuelsthedeterminationtoact,tokeeppreparing,tokeepgoingevenwhen________________.wearetiredandfailFocusonbecomingmoreknowledgeable.Focuson_________________________.gradual,consistentprogressMaintainthestrongwilltokeepgoing.Withhardwork,determination,dedicationandtranscendanypreparation,youcan_____________handicap____________________,________,andaccomplishanyfeatachievesuccess!PPT课件

37LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

SpecificMeanings

偏离，背离……

PracticalPhrases

1.deviatefrom…

2.precludesb.fromdoing…

3.triumphover…

4.in(the)pursuitof…

5.workone'sway

to/through/into…

6.giveupon…

7.focuson…

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阻止某人做……

战胜……

追求……

通过奋斗逐步达到

放弃……

专注于……

38LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

deviatefrom…

偏离，背离……

短语应用

有人生目标的人是永远不会偏离正确航向的。

意群提示

(lifecompass/correctcourse)Thosewhohavealifecompassintheirmindwillneverdeviatefromthecorrectcourse.PPT课件

39LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

precludesb.fromdoing…

阻止某人做……

短语应用

有志者事竟成。

意群提示

(willingheart/toachievesuccess)

Nothingcanprecludeawillingheartfromachievingsuccess.PPT课件

40LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

triumphover…

战胜……

短语应用

中国人民只要万众一心，必将战胜任何困难，从而立足于世界之巅。

意群提示

(toworkwithoneheartandonemind/tostandontopoftheworld)

AslongastheChinesepeopleworkwithoneheartandonemind,theywilltriumphoveranydifficultiesandstandontopoftheworld.PPT课件

41LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

in(the)pursuitof…

追求……

短语应用

一个国家在追求经济发展的同时，应当对环境保护给予足够重视。

意群提示

(togivedueemphasisto)

Whileinpursuitofeconomicgrowth,anationshouldgivedueemphasistotheprotectionoftheenvironment.PPT课件

42LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

workone'swayto/through/into…

通过奋斗逐步达到

短语逆译

短语应用

通过激烈的竞争进入大学的同学们应当将大学教育作为人生奋斗的新起点而非终点。

意群提示

(

totake…as/lifeendeavor)Studentswhohavefiercelyworkedtheirwayintouniversitiesshouldtakecollegeeducationasanewstartingpointratherthanthefinishinglineoftheirlifeendeavor.PPT课件

43LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

giveupon…

放弃……

短语应用

在地震过后的搜救工作中，解放军战士不放弃任何生命迹象。

意群提示

(searchandrescuework/lifesigns)Inthesearchandrescueworkaftertheearthquake,thePLAsoldiersdidn'tgiveuponanylifesigns.PPT课件

44LanguagefocusPracticalphrases

短语逆译

focuson…

专注于……

短语应用

大学生应将主要精力专注于学习而不是各种令其分心的事物。

意群提示

(variousdistractions)Collegestudentsshouldfocusmostoftheirenergyonstudiesratherthanonvariousdistractions.PPT课件

45LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

FunctionalPatterns

Functions&Usages

用于表达“对已知条件的1.A,B,C–

noneofthesebe/do…

否定”。

2.Sb.dosth.,notbecause…,but

用于表达“某人做某事的原因”。

because…

3.It'snot…thatmatters.It's…thatbe/do…

用于表达“对某事物最为重要的因素是……”。

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46LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

原句译文

个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。

逆译练习

Personalhistory,educationalopportunity,individualdilemmas—

noneofthesecaninhibitastrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.句型提炼

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47LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

句型提炼

A,B,C—

noneofthesebe/do…

应用提示

用于表达“对已知条件的否定”。

句型应用

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48LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

典型例句

金钱、名誉、社会地位，这些都不应作为判断一个人是否成功的唯一标准。

意群提示

(toberegardedas/standardfor)

Money,fame,socialstatus—

noneoftheseshouldberegardedastheonlystandardforthejudgmentofone'ssuccess.

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49LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

原句译文

他们取得了成功，并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的

意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。

逆译练习

Theyattainedsuccess,notbecauseitwaseasy,butbecausetheyhadthewilltoovercomeprofoundobstaclesandtoworkdiligentlyinthepursuitoftheirgoals.句型提炼

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50LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

句型提炼

Sb.dosth.,notbecause…,butbecause

…

应用提示

用于表达“某人做某事的原因”。

句型应用

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51LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

典型例句

我选择厚道，不是因为我笨拙，而是因为我深信，厚德能载物。

意群提示

(honestandkind/greatvirtue/holdtheworld)

Ichoosetobehonestandkind,notbecauseIamstupid,butbecauseIfirmlybelievethatgreatvirtueholdstheworld.PPT课件

52LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

原句译文

你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！

逆译练习

It'snothowmanytimesyoufalldownthatmatters.It'showmanytimesyougetbackupthat

makessuccess!”

句型提炼

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53LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

句型提炼

It'snot…thatmatters.It's…thatbe/do…

应用提示

用于表达“对某事物最为重要的因素……”。句型应用

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54LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns

典型例句

要获得成功，你现在的位置不重要，重要的是你前进的方向。

意群提示

(currentposition/toheadfor)

It'snotwhereyourcurrentpositionisthatmatters.It'swhereyouareheadingforthatleadsyoutosuccess.PPT课件

55LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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56LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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57LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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58LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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59LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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60LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation

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61CriticalthinkingThemeexploration

1Howdoyouunderstandtheremark“It'snothowmanytimesyoufalldownthatmatters.It'showmanytimesyougetbackupthatmakessuccess!”?

2Doyouagreethattherearetimeswhenit'ssimplybettertogiveup?

3Howcanweavoidwastingtimeandenergyinachievingsuccess?PPT课件

TipsTipsTips62CriticalthinkingThemeexploration

1Howdoyouunderstandtheremark“It'snothowmanytimesyoufalldownthatmatters.It'showmanytimesyougetbackupthatmakessuccess!”?

Youmayhavetriedandfailedmanytimesbeforeyoufinallygetsuccess.Butitdoesnotmatter.Whatmattersiswhetheryoucansummonup(鼓起)allyourcourageagainandagaintofacethehardshipsstandinginthewayofsuccess.PPT课件

63CriticalthinkingThemeexploration

2.Doyouagreethattherearetimeswhenit's

simplybettertogiveup?WhenIhaverealizedthatIampursuingsomethingthatishardtoachieve,Iwouldtrytosticktothegoal.ButIwillbegintothinkofwhatIcandotoimprovethesituation.Whenitstilldoesn'twork,Iwouldtrytoanalyzewhattheproblemisandthenmakesomechangesandprobablyresetmygoal.PPT课件

64CriticalthinkingThemeexploration

2.Doyouagreethattherearetimeswhenit's

simplybettertogiveup?Yes,sometimeswearepursuingthewronggoalwhichcanneverbeachieved,onlytofindourselvesindeepfrustrationandprofoundfatigue.Inthissituation,Imaygiveupthewronggoalandsetupanothergoalthatisachievable.PPT课件

65CriticalthinkingThemeexploration

3.Howcanweavoidwastingtimeandenergyinachievingsuccess??Followingtheguidanceofseniorpeople.?Gettingsoundadvicefromourparents.?Settingacorrectgoal.?Achievingsuccessstepbystep.?Developinggoodinterpersonalrelationships.PPT课件

66CriticalthinkingCultureexploration

Whentalkingaboutsuccess,doyouthinkthereareany

differencesbetweentheChineseandthewesterners??Chinesebelievethatpersonalrelationshipisthemostimportantfactortoone'ssuccess.?Chinesetendtoequatepower,fameandmoneytosuccess.?Westernersbelievethatself-independenceisakeytosuccess.?Westernerstendtoregardsuccessastherealizationofone'sself-value.PPT课件

67Criticalthinking

Watchavideoclipanddiscussthequestion:Whatdoyouthinkisthekeytosuccess?TipsVideoWatchingPPT课件

68Criticalthinking

BackPPT课件

69Criticalthinking

Whatdoyouthinkisthekeytosuccess?Iagreewithwhatthespeakerholdsinthevideoclip,itisgrit(坚韧不拔的意志).Gritispassionandperseveranceforverylong-termgoals.Itisasignificantpredictorofsuccess.weneedtopossessacommittedandfocusedwillaswellasgrittokeeppreparingandworkingtowardsthegoal.Withhardwork,determination,dedicationandpreparation,wecantranscendanyhandicap,accomplishanyfeat,andachievesuccess!

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70SectionANever,evergiveup!

LanguageapplicationWritingdevicesOralreproductionParagraphtranslationPPT课件

71WritingdevicesEssaywritingDevelopanexampleessayInanexampleessay,yousupportyourpointbyillustratingitwithexamples.If,forinstance,youmakeastatementandsomeonesaystoyou,“Prove

it”,

whatdoyoudo?Mostlikely,youwillprovideanexampleortwotosupportyourclaim.Indeed,itishardtowriteagoodessayofanykindwithoutusingatleastsomeexamples.Goodexampleshelptoclarifyyourthoughtbymakingthegeneralspecific,andtheabstractconcrete.Theyalsoaddinterestandhelptopersuadeorconvinceyourreaders.

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72WritingdevicesEssaywritingGuidelinesforasuccessfulexampleessay1.Awiseselectionofsufficientexampleswhicharespecificandtypical,interestingandrelevant.Theexamplesmayconsistofeitherpersonalexperiencesorsecond-handinformationfromreliablesources.PPT课件

2.Anexpertarrangementoftheseexamples.Similarorrelatedexamplesshouldbegroupedtogetherandarrangedaccordingtotheorderoftime,space,orimportance.73WritingdevicesEssaywritingTakealookatParagraphs3&4ofTextAtoseehowexamplesareusedtosupportthepoint:PPT课件

74WritingdevicesEssaywritingTopicsentence:Personalhistory,educationalopportunity,individualdilemmas–noneofthesecaninhibitastrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.(Para.3)Furtherillustration:Notaskistoohard.Noamountofpreparationistoolongortoodifficult.(Para.3)Examples:Taketheexampleoftwoofthemostscholarlyscientistsofourage,AlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison.(Para.3)Anothermoredetailedexample:ConsideralsotheheroicexampleofAbrahamLincoln,whofacedsubstantialhardships,failuresandrepeatedmisfortunesinhislifetime.(Para.4)PPT课件

75WritingdevicesEssaywritingReadthesampleessayandseehowtheexamplesaredevelopedandorganized.PPT课件

76WritingdevicesEssaywritingTopic:BiologicalclocksIntroduction:Thesisstatement:Eventhoughitisnoteasytoexplainwhy,scientistsbelievelivingthingsmusthavebuilt-inbiologicalclocksthatcanbereset.PPT课件

77WritingdevicesEssaywritingBody:1Topicsentence:Tostartwith,various24-hourrhythmsobservedinpeople'sbiologicalclockscanbeadjusted.Example:AtravelerflyingfromNewYorktoLondoncanadjusthisnormalrhythmstoLondontime.PPT课件

78WritingdevicesEssaywritingBody:2Topicsentence:Thesamekindofresettingalsotakesplaceinthebiologicalclocksofanimalsandplants.Example1:Theclockofananimalorplantcanbesettothelaboratory-producedhoursoflightanddark.Example2:Musselscanadjusttothetidesofthenewbeachafterbeingmovedfromtheoldone.PPT课件

79WritingdevicesEssaywritingConclusion:Biologicalclocks,inaway,serveasautomaticinternal“watches”foralllivingthings.PPT课件

80WritingdevicesEssaywritingSample:

Haveyoueverheardabout“biological

clock”,

apopulartermforaninternalregulatorresponsibleforvarioustime-basedresponsesinlivingthings?Manyscientiststhinkalllivingthingsareabletoactonaregulartimetable.Eventhoughitisnoteasytoexplainwhy,scientistsbelievelivingthingsmusthavebuilt-inbiologicalclocksthatcanbereset.

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81WritingdevicesEssaywritingSample:Tostartwith,various24-hourrhythmsobservedinpeople's

biologicalclockscanbeadjusted.Themostobviousisthealternationofwakefulnesswithsleep.Disruptionofthehumanbuilt-inrhythmscantemporarilyupsetthebody.Whenapassengerfliesacrossmanytimezonesinafewhours,thediscomfort,called“jet

lag”,results.Let'slookattheexampleofatravelerflyingfromNewYorktoLondon.InNewYork,hisnormal24-hourrhythmofsleepandallhisotherimportantbodyactivitiesaresettotheeasterntimeoftheUnitedStates.

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82WritingdevicesEssaywritingSample:

However,whenhegetstoLondon,thedaybeginsfivehoursearlier.TheNewYorker's

rhythmsarenowoutofstepwithLondonbyaboutthesameamountoftime.Inotherwords,hisclockisstillworkingforNewYorkratherthanLondon.However,withinafewdayshisbodyrhythmwillgraduallyshiftintostepwiththetimeinEngland.

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83WritingdevicesEssaywritingSample:Thesamekindofresettingalsotakesplaceinthebiologicalclocksofanim