Unit 1 要词 好语 精句讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

选择性必修2Unit1ThemassmediaReading:Beacriticalnewsreader10JulyFirefightersputouttowerblockfireFirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelastnight.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrappedFearsgrewthatthenumberofdeathscouldreach5,accordingtofiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices.Fireenginesandambulancescalledat9:30p.m.reachedthescenewithin15minutes.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.Firefightersgotthesituationundercontrolaround11p.m.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.putout≈snuffout≈dousetrap≈entrap≈ensnareaccordingtofiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices根据应急服务机构公布的数据extendto延伸undercontrol在控制之下thereisconcernthat有人担心I1July Localnews A2 DeadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamageAterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynightleavingtheHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.Emergencyservicesestimatethatthenumberofdeathscouldreach9.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeenconfirmeddead.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjuredofwhomareinacriticalcondition.LisaMaver,29,isamongtheluckyoneswhoonlysufferedminorinjuries.Sherecalled,“IwasabouttohaveabathwhenIheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.Itwaslikeanawfuldream."MrPeterson.headofthefireservice.confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooffquicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.estimate≈reckon≈assessinacriticalcondition情况严重sufferminorinjuries受轻伤peoplescreaminganddogsbarking人们尖叫声和狗叫声adroppedcigarette地上的香烟theautomaticfirealarms自动报警器gooff≈blowup≈explodedisaster≈tragedy≈adversitycurrently≈presently≈atpresentinvestigate≈examine≈lookintoReadingnewsreportscriticallyWerelyonnewstolearnaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.However,weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentorevencontradictoryinformation.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?relyon≈dependon≈countoncontain≈cover≈comprisecontradictoryinformation相反的信息comeabout≈happen≈occurItisadvisabletorememberthatjournalistsmayhavedifferentpriorities,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.Let’stakethetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfireasanexample.Wecanseethatthefirstnewsreportpaysmoreattentiontotherescueefforts,whilethesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries.Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandaneventinamorecomprehensiveway.Itisadvisabletorememberthat最好记住differentpriorities不同的重点inamorecomprehensiveway更加全面地Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails.aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.Forinstance,thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.Instead,checkwhenthereportswerewritten.Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.Anotheraspectworthyofmentionisthatjournalistsmayapproachinformationtheygetfromresearchorinterviewsdifferently.Supposeemergencyservicesestimatesofthenumberofdeathsvarybetween5and9.Journalistsmaychoosetopresenttheminimum,themaximumorsomethinginbetweenintheirnewsreports.Therefore,checkingdifferentsourcesenablesustodrawamoreinformedconclusion.frombasicallythesameperspective视角基本一致intermsof关于，涉及complicated≈complex≈intricateconclusion≈deduction≈assumptionnewfactsarebroughttolight事实被披露differentsources不同来源drawamoreinformedconclusion得出更加明智的结论Tosumup,itiswisetoreadnewsreportswrittenfromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages,whichbringsusamoreaccurateunderstandingofasituation.Wealsoneedtobecriticalabouttheinformationwereceiveandremembernottoblindlytrustwhatwehaveread.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.Withgreatdiscrimination,everyoneofushasthepotentialtobeacriticalnewsreader.tosumup总而言之fromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages从不同视角及不同的阶段accurateunderstanding准确的理解critical≈crucial≈essentialtoblindlytrust盲目地相信becommittedto致力于entirely≈completely≈totallydiscrimination≈bias≈prejudicepotential≈possibility≈aptitudeGrammarUsageJosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthelibraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25hehadbecomeapublisher.In1878,hefoundedthenewspapertheStLouisPost-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishedarticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissuesaccusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-DispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebestsellingnewspaperinthecountryPulitzerwasthefirsttoadvocatethetrainingofjournalistsatuniversitylevelIn1892.heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Ofthisdecisionhesaid,“Iamdeeplyinterestedintheprogressandelevationofjournalism…regardingitasanobleprofessionandoneofunequaledimportanceforitsinfluenceuponthemindsandmoralsofthepeople."Pulitzerdiedin1911.Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.SixyearsafterhisdeaththefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.anumberof许多tirelessly≈untiringly≈diligentlyaccusingof≈chargewithelevationofjournalism新闻学的提升shootup≈increaseadvocate≈recommend≈urgeanobleprofession高尚的职业unequaledimportance无比重要establish≈found≈startAdvertising:thepowerofpersuasionInjustonedayapersoncanseehundredsofmarketingmessages.Advertisinghasbecomepartofmodernlife.Butwhatisadvertisingexactly?Inshort,itreferstotheactivityofpromotingaproductorservice.Inotherwords,ittriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice.inshort≈inbrief≈inawordinotherwords≈namelypromote≈advance≈upgradepersuade≈encourage≈induceThehistoryofadvertisinghasalwaysbeencloselylinkedwiththatofthemassmedia.Fromtheancientsimpleadvertisementspaintedonoutdoorsignstothecolourful,interactiveonesinsmartphoneapps,advertisingandthemassmediahavedevelopedhandinhand.Asmediachannelshavegrowninnumberandtype,sohaveadvertisements.Becausethemassmediareachessomanypeople,itisaperfectvehicleforadvertisers.IfanadvertisementisplacedonapopularwebsiteoronTVatpeaktimes,ahugenumberofpeoplewillknowabouttheproductorserviceitisadvertising.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorserviceasuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreateadesiretobuythusboostingbusiness.Thatiswhywhenacompanywantstopromoteaproductorservice,itoftenlaunchesamassmediaadvertisingcampaign.beencloselylinkedwithinteractive≈collaborative≈cooperativeatpeaktimes在高峰期Beawareof知道boost≈enhance≈improvelaunch≈dispatch≈sendoffBasedonthepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuyadvertisershavedevelopedwaysofpersuadingpeopleintopurchasingtheirproductsorservices.Acommontechniquetomakeanimpactistocreateamemorableslogan.Slogansusesimplebutimpressivelanguagetomakeusremembertheproductorservicebeing advertised.Someoftheseslogansmayalsoappealtoouremotions.Forexampleasloganmayconnectafinechinateapotitaimstopromotewithourprideinhavinggoodtaste.YouwillhearavarietyofslogansanytimeyouwatchTV.Thinkaboutyourfavouriteone.Whatmakesitspecial?Andwhatmessagedoesittrytogetacross?Asloganwhichcommunicatesanideaeffectivelycanboostsalesandevenbecomepartofpopularculture.Thatisthepowerofmemorableslogans.purchase≈payforamemorableslogan令人难忘的广告词impressivelanguage令人印象深刻的语言appealto≈callonavarietyof各种各样的Anothertechniqueadvertisersoftenemployistolinktheircompanyorproducttoa“brandambassador"—afamousactorasportsstarorevenafictionalcharacter.Thinkofapopularfast-foodrestaurant.Doesithaveabrandambassador?Isthebrandambassadorpopularamongpotentialcustomers?Themorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewewillbeattractedtobuytheproduct.employ≈utilize≈applyafictionalcharacter虚拟的人物Themorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewewillbeattractedtobuytheproduct.Ofcourse,someadvertisementsarenotsoobvious:productplacementistypicallyusedinfilmswithhugebox-officesuccessandTVshowswithhighratings.Somefilmsarenowsponsoredbyleadingbrandssothatonlytheirproductsappearinthefilms,likethewatcheswornbythetitlecharacterintheJamesBondfilms.Othertypesofmassmediauseproductplacementtoo,includingvideogames.Itisnotuncommonforsportsvideogameseries