动词不定式课件

动词不定式动词不定式1、非谓语动词；“to+动词原形”/”notto+动词原形”动词不定式的含义及结构2、主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语掌握动词不定式的句法功能3、使役动词、感官动词、whynot\hadbetter等掌握不定式不带to的情况一、动词不定式的含义及结构

1、含义：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。2、基本结构动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成;动词不定式的否定形式是"notto+动词原形”。eg.HedecidestoleaveBeijing.他决定离开北京。(否定)：HedecidesnottoleaveBeiing.他决定不离开北京。二、动词不定式的句法功能做主语作宾语作宾补作定语作状语作表语1.做主语

1）放句首作主语

TolearnEnglishisimportant.

2）动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置，避免头重脚轻。

ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数It做形式主语①Itis+形容词+for/ofsb.todosth.Itisimportant

forustolearnaforeignlanguage.It'snice

ofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.for:前面形容词为客观类词，修饰后面todosth,比如：easy，difficult...可改为：todosth+be+adjforsbof:前面形容词为主观类，修饰人sb,如：kind，nice，clever....可改为：sb+be+adj+todosth

Tolearnaforeignlanguageisimportantforus.YouarenicetohelpmewithmyEnglish.②Itis+名词+todosth.Eg:It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.③Ittakessb+时间+todosth.Eg:Ittakesmeanhourtofinishmyhomework.Exercises1.Itisverykind____youtohelpmewithmyhousework.Itishard____metodoallthework.

A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;toD.to;for2.Itisverycareless____you____lotsofmistakes.

A.of;tomakeB.for;tomakeC.of;makeD.for;make√√2.作宾语

不定式放谓语动词后作宾语

(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.巧记用不定式作宾语的动词想要,

忘记，拒绝(want,forget,refuse);需要，努力,

学习(need,try,learn);喜欢，同意,

帮助(like,agree,help);希望,

决定,

开始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)特别说明动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等连用。Eg.Iforgotwhentogotobedlastnight.(疑问词+to+动词原形作动词forgot宾语)1、Pleasedon'tforget_________(clean)theroomwhileIamawayinBeijing.2、Hebegan_______

(learn)Englishattheageoffour.Exercisestocleantolearn3.做宾语补足语宾补对宾语补充说明用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.否定形式：(v.+sb.+nottodo)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词:advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect，invite,order,teach,tell,want,等。

notnotExercises1、TheteacheraskedMary____adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answered2、Let's____playinthestreet.Fathertellsme____doso.A.notto;nottoB.not;nottoC.don't;tonotD.tonot;don't√√4.做定语1）动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语

2）不定代词常用不定式作后置定语

Ihavealotofclothestowash.

Doyouhaveanythingtodotonight？定语：修饰或限定名词和不定代词。（注：定语修饰名词：一般单个词做定语放在被修饰名词前eg.agoodboy;而大于一个词要放在被修饰词后eg.lotsofhouseworktodo，特例：修饰不定代词放后面：somethingimportant）Exercises1、--Mum，canIhavesomething______?--Oh，dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_____inthekitchen. A.todrink；nothingelseB.drinking；somethingelse C.toeat；somethingelseD.eating；nothingelse2、Moreandmoreyongpeoplearetryingtodosomething____theold.

A.helpedB.tohelpC.helpD.helps√√5.做状语目的状语Igetupearlytocatchtheearlybus.原因状语Hefeltexcitedtoknowthisnews.结果状语Iamtootiredtowalk.状语：表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、伴随等部分。动词不定式作状语的情况分析

1、在句首或句尾表示目的,作目的状语

eg.Tocatchthetrain,hegotupearly.

=Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.2、跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词后,作原因状语

eg.I'msorrytohearthat.听到那件事我很难过。

I'mgladtoseeyou.我很高兴见到你。3、用在too..to结构中,作结果状语。

eg.Heistooyoungtounderstandallthat.

他太年轻,不能理解那一切。Exercises1、_____moreinformationaboutthetrip,youcangoonline.A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found2、Thehouseistoosmallforhisfamily_____.A.toliveinB.livinginC.liveinD.livesin√√6.做表语不定式可以放在连系动词be后面作表语，说明主语的具体内容。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.Hisdreamistobeabusdriver.说出句中不定式的作用1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,notlivetoeat.5.Ihavealotthingstodo.6.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.状语表语宾语主语定语主语宾语补足语不定式放在使役动词have，make和let之后Healwaysmakesmeangry.不定式放在感观动词feel，hear，listento,see，watch，lookat,notice等后面Ioftenhearhersingsongs.不定式在whynot和hadbetter后Youhadbetterhavearest.三、动词不定式不带to的情况三、动词不定式不带to的情况feelsb.dosth.;listen/hearsb.dosth.;make/let/havesb.dosth.;lookat/see/watch/noticesb.dosth.;helpsb.(to)dosth.动词不定式做宾补时省略to的动词：一感指feel；二听指listen(to)，hear；三让指let，make，have；四看指see，look(at)，watch，notice；半帮助指help，help后to可有可无。Exercises1、It'sr