清华大学2003-2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(常用版)

清华大学2003-2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（常用版）(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版资料，欢迎下载）

清华大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题清华大学2003-2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（常用版）(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版资料，欢迎下载）PartⅠListeningComprehension(20%)(略)PartⅡVocabulary(10%)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestonethatcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughcenter.16．Writtenatleast100yearsago,thehandwritingfadedandcertainlybecame______.A．infiniteB．illegibleC．infectiousD．immune17．Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatruly______observerofevents.A．inadequateB．impassiveC．geniusD．impartial18．Shewas______bythelackofappreciationshownofherhardwork.A．frustratedB．dispersedC．functionedD．displaced19．Theshuttleexplodedintheairsuddenlyandbrokeinto______atonce.A．diversityB．fragmentsC．doctrineD．drought20．Asthesocietyhasrigidsocial______,everyoneknowshisroleinthesociety.A．hemisphereB．contemptC．controversyD．hierarchy21．Threeyearshave______sincewelastmetattheconferenceforInternetcommunicationinBeijing.A．elapsedB．discernedC．discontentedD．electrified22．Itturnedoutthathehad______thewholestoryjusttocheathisfriends.A．dissipatedB．divergedC．detachedD．fabricated23．Hehadaclear______ofwhatwaswrongwiththemachineandfixeditinashorttime.A．debrisB．deficiencyC．perceptionD．persecution24．Fortenyearstheproblemaboutthewaterhasnotbeensolved,wecametothinkthatithasbeena______probleminthisarea.A．perpetualB．persuasiveC．picturesqueD．possessive25．Hewas______bythenoiseoutsideyesterdayeveningandcouldnotconcentrateonhisstudy.A．peckedB．orientedC．perturbedD．paddled26．Heisofteninclinedto______inotherpeople’saffairs,whichisnoneofhisbusiness.A．manipulatedB．lumberedC．meddleD．littered27．Hepracticed______onherandmanagedtoget$2,000．A．linenB．deceptionC．longitudeD．paradise28．Hewas______totakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfromanearlyage.A．deducedB．dampedC．diminishedD．destined29．Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat______loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.A．compressingB．terminatingC．conformingD．contending30．Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel______withtheheatinside.A．oppressedB．congestedC．confrontedD．craned31．Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe______ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.A．conceptualB．considerateC．optimalD．component32．Shegotveryangryand______herclothesaboutintheroom.A．flungB．flewC．clampedD．clashed33．Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe______awaythedaybeforeyesterday.A．cautionedB．fledC．chatteredD．civilized34．Theevilmannerswouldbe______rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.A．exterminatedB．exemplifiedC．facilitatedD．emitted35．Weallknowthatitisveryhardto______himtogivehisplanup.A．endeavorB．reduceC．assertD．inducePartⅢReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ascorchingsun,anendlessseaofsandandawaterless,forbiddinglylonelylandthatistheimagemostpeoplehaveofdeserts.Buthowtrueisthispicture?Desertsaredrylandswhererainfallislow.Thisisnottosayrainneverfallsindeserts:itmayfallonceortwiceayearinafiercetorrentthatfadesalmostassoonasithasbegun,orwhichevaporatesinthehotairlongbeforeithasgotanywhereneartheearth.Itmayfallinasuddensweepingfloodthatcarrieseverythinginitspath.Rainsmayonlycomeonceinfiveorsixyearsornotfallforadecadeormore.TheMojavedesertintheUnitedStatesremaineddryfortwenty-fiveyears.Withoutwaternolivingthingcansurvive,andonefeatureofthetruedesertlandscapeistheabsenceofvegetation.Withlittlerainandhardlyanyvegetationthelandsuffersunderthesun.Therearevirtuallynocloudsortreestoprotecttheearth’ssurfaceanditcanbeburninghot.Underthesun,soilsbreakupandcrack.Windandtorrentialrainsweepawayanderodethesurfacefurther.Eightmillionsquarekilometersoftheworld’slandsurfaceisdesert.Throughouthistorydesertshavebeenexpandingandretreatingagain.CavepaintingsshowthatpartsoftheSaharaDesertweregreenandfertileabout10,000yearsago,andevenanimalslikeelephantsandgiraffesroamedtheland.Fossilanddunesfoundinfertileanddamppartsoftheworldshowthattheseareaswereoncedeserts.Butnowthecreationofnewdesertareasishappeningonacolossalscale.Twentymillionsquarekilometers,anareatwicethesizeofCanada,isatahightoveryhighriskofbecomingdesert.Withafurther1.25millionsquarekilometersundermoderaterisk,anareacovering30%oftheearth’slandsurfaceisdesert,becomingdesert,orindangerofbecomingdesert.Therateofgrowthofdesertsisalarming.Theworld’sdrylandswhichareunderthreatincludesomeofthemostimportantstock-rearingandwheat-growingareasandarethehomesof600～700millionpeople.Theseregionsarebecomingdesertsattherateofmorethan58,000squarekilometersayearor44hectaresaminute.InNorthAfricaatleast100,000hectaresofcroplandarelosteachyear.Atthisratethereisahighriskthatwewillbeconfinedtolivingononly50%ofthisplanet'slandsurfacewithinonemorecenturyunlessweareabletodosomethingaboutit.36．Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutrainfallinthedesert?A．Itneverrains.B．Itrainssolittlethatnothingcanlive.C．Itrainsunexpectedly.D．Itrainsveryinfrequently.37．Desertsoilsbreakupandcrackbecauseof______.A．theeffectsofwindandminB．thelackofprotectionfromthesunC．thetropicallocationofdesertsD．theabsenceofrain38．Whatdowelearnaboutdesertsfromthistext?A．Desertscanchangeintogreenandfertileareas.B．Certainareashavealwaysbeendesert.C．Desertswereoncethehomeofelephantsandgiraffes.D．Desertshavebeengrowingsincethebeginningoftheworld.39．Howmuchoftheworld'slandsurfaceisatriskofbecomingdesert?A．Lessthantenmillionsquarekilometers.B．Twentymillionsquarekilometers.C．Morethantwentymillionsquarekilometers.D．30%oftheworld'slandsurface.40．Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutthecreationofnewdesertareas?A．Itisanaturaldevelopment.B．Theproblemisnotveryserious.C．Itisaveryworryingproblem.D．Thesituationwillimproveintime.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefirstthingtonoticeisthatthemediawe'reallfamiliarwith—frombookstotelevisionareone-waypropositions:theypushtheircontentatus.TheWebistwo-way,pushandpull.Infinerpoint,itcombinestheone-wayreachofbroadcastwiththetwo-wayreciprocity(互惠)ofamid-cast.Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!AsecondaspectoftheWebisthatitisthefirstmediumthathonorsthenotionofmultipleintelligences.Thispastcentury'sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.Thetypewriterprizedoneparticularkindofintelligence,butwiththeWeb,wesuddenlyhaveamediumthathonorsmultipleformsofintelligence—abstract,textual,visual,musical,social,andkinesthetic.Aseducators,wenowhaveachancetoconstructamediumthatenablesallyoungpeopletobecomeengagedintheiridealwayoflearning.TheWebaffordsthematchweneedbetweenamediumandhowaparticularpersonlearns.AthirdandunusualaspectoftheWebisthatitleverages(起杠杆作用)thesmalleffortsofthemanywiththelargeeffortsofthefew.Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors(顾问).It'swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman—theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers.ThesamethingcanbefoundinoperationatHewlett-Packard,whereengineersusetheWebtohelpkidswithscienceormathproblems.Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat'spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.41．Whatdoesthewordmind-stretchingimply?A．Obtainingone'smentalpower.B．Strengtheningone'spowerofthought.C．Makinggreatdemandsonone'smentalpower.D．Exertingone'smentalpowerasfaraspossible.42．Whatisaterribletoolforactivitiessuchassketchingandpainting?A．Technology.B．Typewriter.C．Text.D．Theweb.43．Whichgroupofpeoplemakesomeeffortstohelppupilsinelementaryschools?A．Teachers.B．Researchers.C．Grandparents.D．Seniorcitizens.44．Thesentencetheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselvesmeanstheseniors______.A．acquireanewmeaningoftheirlivesB．understandthemeaningofthewebC．createawebsiteforthemselvesD．addanewmeaningtotheweb45．Theexpression“scratchthesurface”mostprobablymeansA．thinkhardinapuzzledwayB．dealwithaproblemthoroughlyC．treatasubjectwithoutbeingthoroughD．workoutasolutionforaproblemeasilyQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnoquestionthattheoldstyleofairpollutioncouldkillpeople.Inoneweekfollowingtheinfamous“peasouper”foginDecember1952,4,700peoplediedinLondon.Mostofthesepeoplewereelderlyandalreadyhadheartorlungdiseases.AseriesofthesekillerfogseventuallyledtotheBritishPassingtheCleanAirActwhichrestrictedtheburningofcoal.Fortunatelytheeffectofsmogonthelungsisnotsodramatic.Scientistshavenowconductedanumberoflaboratoryexperimentsinwhichvolunteersareexposedtoozoneinsideasteelchamberforafewhours.Evenatquitelowconcentrationsthereisareversiblefallinlungfunction,anincreaseintheirritabilityofthelungsandevidenceofairwayinflammation(发炎).Althoughirritableandinflamedlungsareparticularlyseeninpeoplewithasthma(哮喘)andotherlungdiseases,theseeffectsofozonealsooccurinhealthysubjects.Similarchangesarealsoseenafterexposuretonitrogendioxide,althoughthereissomedisagreementabouttheconcentrationatwhichtheyoccur.Otherstudieshavefoundthatpeoplelivinginareaswithhighlevelsofpollutionhavemoresymptomsandworsehungfunctionthanthoselivinginareaswithcleanair.Groupsofchildrenattendingschoolcampsshowfallsinlungfunctionevenatquitelowconcentrationsofozone.Thereisalsoarelationshipbetweenozonelevelsandhospitaladmissionsforasthma,bothinNorthAmericaandAustralia.Itissuspectedthatlong-termexposuretosmogmayresultinchronicbronchitis(支气管炎)andemphysema(肺气肿),butthishasyettobeproven.RecentlyanassociationhasbeenfoundbetweenthelevelsofparticlesintheairanddeathratesinNorthAmericancities.ThereasonforthisassociationisnotunderstoodandasyetthereisnoevidencethisoccursinAustralia.However,wedoknowthathazydaysareassociatedwithmoreasthmaattacksinchildren.46．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheresultoflaboratoryexperiments?A．Lowconcentrations.B．Fallinlungfunction.C．Irritabilityofthelungs.D．Airwayinflammation.47．Irritableandinflamedlungsarealsoseeninpeoplewith______.A．asthmaB．lungdiseasesC．goodhealthD．weakhealth48．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecauseoflungdiseases?A．Theburningofcoal.B．Long-termexposuretosmog.C．Exposuretonitrogendioxide.D．Attendingschoolcamps.49．Therelationshipbetweenexposureto______hasnotyetbeendetermined.A．ozoneandfallinlungfunctionB．ozoneandlungdiseasessuchasasthmaC．nitrogendioxideandworselungfunctionD．smogandchronicbronchitisandemphysema50．Theassociationbetween______hasnotyetbeenfoundinAustralia.A．ozonelevelsandhospitaladmissionsforasthmaB．hazydaysandmoreasthmaattacksinchildrenC．thelevelsofparticlesintheairanddeathratesD．highlevelsofpollutionandmoresymptomsQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheeventsofSept.11haveratchetedupsecurityatAmericanairportstothehighestlevelever,accordingtoaspokesmanforTransportationSecretaryNormanMineta.Buttosaythereisplentyofroomforimprovementputsitmildly:Hundredsofemployeeswithaccesstohigh-securityareasat15U.S.airportshavebeenarrestedorindictedbyfederallawenforcementofficialsforusingphonySocialSecuritynumbers,lyingaboutcriminalconvictionsorbeingintheUnitedStatesillegally.Noneofthosearrestedhadterroristlinks,butsomeaviationexpertssaidtheworkerswereinapositiontohelpsmuggleweaponsorbombsaboardaircraftiftheyhadranted.TestsorderedbyPresidentBushandconductedbyfederalagentsat32airportsbetweenNovemberandFebruary,whenairportswereonhighestalert,showedthatSecurityscreenersfailedtodetectknives70%ofthetime,guns30%ofthetimeandsimulatedexplosives60%ofthetime.TwomembersoftheHouseTransportationCommitteearepushingtoreversetheadministration'soppositiontoarmingpilotsbecausegroupsrepresentingpilotsareinsistingthattheirmembersneedtobearmedasalastlineofdefense.AttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftsaidthearrestsofhundredsofairportemployeesshowedthatthesystemofbackgroundchecks—donepiecemealbyairlines,privatecontractorsandothers—needstightening.Thatmuchispainfullyobvious.Whatisn'tcleariswhythesystemwassoporous(有漏洞的)tobeginwithandwhyitwasn'timmediatelytightenedafterthatinfamousTuesdayinSeptember.SomepeopleintheindustrywiselyhavesuggestedthatallairportworkersberequiredtopassthroughthesamemetaldetectorsandotherSecuritychecksasflightcrewsdo.CongresshasorderedthenewTranspirationSecurityAdministrationtofindwaystoenactjustsucharequirement.Unfortunately,nodeadlinehasbeenset,inpartbecausefederalofficialsarepreoccupiedwithgettingthousandsofnewbaggagescreenersinplacebyNov.19—whenthefedstakeoverairportsecurity—andinstallingbomb—detectionequipmentinallairportsbytheendoftheyear.Plainly,thosetwogoalsarecritical.Butitwouldbeamistaketogivelowprioritytofixingothergapingholesinthenation'sairportsecuritynet.Ifthefederalcrackdownisgoingtobeeffective,itneedstobecomprehensive.51．Thepossiblereasonforhundredsofairportemployeesbeingarrestedmightbeoneofthefollowingexcept______.A．usingfalseIDB．helpingothersinsmugglingC．beingintheU.S.illegallyD．denyingornotmentioningpastcrimes52．Figuresshowedthatsecurityscreenerswere______dangerousitems.A．abletodetectB．notabletodetectC．noteffectiveindetectingD．veryeffectiveindetecting53．Whois/areagainstthepointthatpilotsneedtobearmed?A．Pilots.B．Federalagents.C．Theadministration.D．TwomembersoftheHouseTransportationCommittee.54．Whatdoestheword“infamous”mean?A．Notfamous.B．Wellknownforsomethingbad.C．Wellknownforsomethingexciting.D．Wellknownforsomethingpermanent.55．WhichoneisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Allthepassengersaresupposedtogothroughsecuritychecks.B．Alltheairportworkersaresupposedtogothroughsecuritychecks.C．Alltheflightcrewsaresupposedtogothroughsecuritychecks.D．Notallthefederalofficialsaresupposedtogothroughsecuritychecks.PartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible56ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea57,orpatentit.A58patentistheresultofabargain59betweenaninventorandthestate,buttheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod60.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances61thelifespanofapatent62toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.Thelongestextensionever63wastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitwasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVto64andthusnohopeforrewardfortheinvention.Becauseapatentremainspermanently65afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe66officecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,if67thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone68toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough69patentsthattheonesurewayofviolationofrelyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform70invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally71totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmodemtechnologicaladvanceis72onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyoneclosely73inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“new”ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheftreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,74makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryformagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886．Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginate75thelate19thandearly20thcentury.56．A．workB．possibilityC．measuresD．courses57．A．openB．coveredC．secretD．improved58．A．grantedB．grantingC．inventingD．invented59．A．strikingB．struckC．tobestrikingD．tostrike60．A．terminatingB．continuingC．continuesD．terminates61．A．areB．tobeC．beD．is62．A．extendingB．willextendC．extendedD．tobeextended63．A．grantedB．grantingC．tograntD．beinggranted64．A．receivingB．sendingC．receiveD．send65．A．publicB．secretC．closeD．concealed66．A．customerB．commerceC．patentD．television67．A．longerB．olderC．weakerD．younger68．A．wishedB．refusingC．refusedD．wishing69．A．liveB．deadC．workingD．recording70．A．temporarilyB．suddenlyC．permanentlyD．sharply71．A．dangerousB．undesirableC．safeD．terrible72．A．constructedB．sentC．anticipatedD．based73．A．involvingB．involvedC．containedD．containing74．A．whichB．whenC．thatD．where75．A．withB．offC．beforeD．fromPartⅤWriting(20%)Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositiononthetitleof“EffectofChina’sEntryintoWTOonPh.DPrograminChina”withnolessthan200Englishwords.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlinegiveninChinese.PutyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.1．中国加入WTO后，博士研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。2．探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。3．谈谈你个人的看法。清华大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析PartⅠListeningComprehension(略)PartⅡVocabulary16．【答案】B【解析】本句说这个手迹写于至少100年前，字迹褪色自然难以辨认了。四个选项中infinite意为“无限的”；illegible意为“难辨认的，字迹模糊的”；infectious意为“有传染性的，易感染的”；immune意为“免疫的”。只有B项符合句意。17．【答案】D【解析】本句的四个选项中，inadequate的意思是“不足的”；impassive的意思是“被动的，冷漠的”；genius的意思是“天才，天赋”；impartial的意思是“公平的，不偏不倚的”。句中所讲的是一个真正客观公正的事件观察者，只有D项符合句意。18．【答案】A【解析】本句的句意是“她因辛苦的工作没有得到欣赏而沮丧”。frustrated“失败，落空”符合句意，如：Hewasfrustratedbyhispoverty．他因贫穷而灰心丧气。dispersed“被分散的，散布的”；functioned“活动，运行”；displaced“取代，代替”都不正确。19．【答案】B【解析】本句说的是飞机在空中突然爆炸，裂成了碎片。fragments“碎片，断片”是正确的答案。如：Shedroppedthebowlontheflooranditbrokeintofragments．她把碗掉在地上，碗破成碎片。而diversity“差异，多样性”；doctrine“教条，学说”；drought“干旱，缺乏”都与句意不相符。20．【答案】D【解析】从句意“因为社会等级森严，人人都知道自己在社会中的角色”可知，hierarchy“层次，层级”是正确答案。如：Thegovernmentisahierarchy．政府是个官阶分明的统治集团。而hemisphere“半球”；contempt“轻视”；controversy“争论”都无此意，所以正确答案为D。21．【答案】A【解析】本句的意思是“自从我们最后一次在国际互联网交流会见面以来，三年已经过去了”。elapsed“(时间)过去，流逝”为正确答案。如：Fivemonthshaveelapsedsincehejoinedthearmy．自从他参军后，五个月已经过去了。而discerned“辨别，看清楚”；discontented“不满意的”；electrified“使充电，使电气化”都不符合句意。22．【答案】D【解析】本句是说为了欺骗他的朋友们，他竟然捏造了所有的事情。fabricated“捏造，虚构”符合句意，因此是正确答案。如：Thereasonhegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated．他所说的缺席理由显然是编造的。dissipated“沉迷于酒色的，消散的”；diverged“分叉，分歧”；detached“分开的，分离的”都与句意不符，因此不正确。23．【答案】C【解析】本句是说他非常清楚机器出了什么毛病，一会儿就把它修好了。perception“理解，感知”与句意相符。而debris“碎片，残骸”；deficiency“缺乏，不足”；persecution“迫害”都不正确。24．【答案】A【解析】本句说十年来关于水的问题一直未被解决，我们开始想这已是一个永久性的问题。四个选项中，perpetual“永久的”符合句意，而persuasive“善说服的”；picturesque“独特的”；possessive“所有的，物主的”都不正确。因此正确答案为A。25．【答案】C【解析】本句意思为“昨晚外面的噪声搅得他不得安宁，无法集中精神学习”。四个选项中只有perturbed“感到不安”符合句意，如：Motherwasmuchperturbedbymyillness．母亲为我的病甚感不安。其他选项中，pecked意为“啄食”；oriented意为“导向”；paddled意为“划桨，搅拌”都不正确。26．【答案】C【解析】本句说他总愿意干涉别人的事，而这些事跟他毫无关系。meddle意思是“干涉”，如：Don'tmeddleinmyaffairs．别干涉我的事情。其他选项中，manipulated意为“操作，操纵”，lumbered意为“伐木，笨重的行动”；littered意为“乱丢垃圾”；都不正确。27．【答案】B【解析】本句说他设法骗她2000美元。deception的意思是“欺骗，诡计”，如practisedeceptiononthepublic欺骗公众耳目。因此B项正确。linen“亚麻布”；longitude“经度，经线”；paradise“天堂”都不正确。28．【答案】D【解析】本句中空格处意为某事是注定的。四个选项中destined的意思是“注定，命定的”，如：Theyweredestinednevertomeetagain．命运注定他们永不再相逢。因此D项正确。deduced“推论，演绎出”；damped“使潮湿，使沮丧”；diminished“减少，贬低”都不符合句意。29．【答案】B【解析】本句中空格处意为解除贷款协议，terminating“使终结”符合句意，如：terminateacontract(pact)“解除契约(条约)”。而compressing“压缩”；conforming“符合，一致”；contending“竞争，主张”都不正确。30．【答案】A【解析】本句说房间里全是人和烟，她开始觉得热得难受。oppressed“压抑，压迫”符合句意，如：Asenseoftroubleaheadoppressedmyspirits．对今后困难的预感使我情绪低落。其他选项中，congested意为“拥挤的”；confronted意为“面临，对抗”；crane意为“起重机”都不正确。31．【答案】C【解析】本句意为语言专家认为学习外语的最佳年龄为6岁。optimal“最佳的，最理想的”符合句意。而conceptual“概念上的”；considerate“考虑周到的”；component“组成的，构成的”都不正确。32．【答案】A【解析】本句意为她非常生气，在屋里乱扔衣服。flung是fling的过去式，意思是“抛，掷，扔”，如：Don'tflingyourclothesaboutonthechair;hangthemup．别把衣服乱扔在椅子上，把它们挂起来。选项flew是fly的过去式，意为“飞翔，飘扬”；clamped“夹住，夹紧”；clashed“猛撞，冲击”都不符合句意。33．【答案】B【解析】本句说他知道自己的错误很严重，将会受到严惩，因此他前天就逃跑了。fled是flee的过去式，意思是“逃逸”，符合句意。如：Hewastofleehisnativevillagetojointherebelarmy．他被迫逃离家乡参加了叛军。而cautioned“警告”；chattered“喋喋不休地谈”；civilized“文明的”都与句意不符。34．【答案】A【解析】本句空格处意为被彻底消除。exterminated意为“消除”，符合句意。exemplified“例示”；facilitated“使便利，推动”；emitted“发出，释放”都不正确。35．【答案】D【解析】本句意为“我们都知道说服他放弃计划是很困难的”。induce意思是“说服，促使”，符合句意。如：Nothingshallinducemetojointheirclub．我怎么都不会去加入他们的俱乐部。endeavor“努力，尽力”；reduce“减少，还原”；assert“断言”都不正确。PartⅢReadingComprehension36．【答案】D【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“Rainsmayonlycomeonceinfiveorsixyearsornotfallforadecadeormore．TheMojavedesertintheUnitedStatesremaineddryfortwenty-fiveyears．”可知，沙漠地区五六年或十多年下一次雨，即很少降雨，但不是不降雨。infrequently意为“罕见地，稀少地”，因此D项为正确答案。37．【答案】B【解析】根据第二段第三句“Therearevirtuallynocloudsortreestoprotecttheearth'ssurfaceanditcanbeburninghot．Underthesun，soilsbreakupandcrack…”可知，在沙漠地区没有云、没有树保护地面，地面很容易曝晒，因此裂开。B项说地面缺乏保护，符合句意。38．【答案】A【解析】答案在文章第二段第六行“Throughouthistorydesertshavebeenexpandingandretreatingagain．”，从这段可知，一些肥沃的地方以前曾经是沙漠，而现在的沙漠以前也曾经是沃土和绿洲，所以A项正确。39．【答案】C【解析】根据文章第二段中间的一句话“Twentymillionsquarekilometers，anareatwicethesizeofCanada，isatahightoveryhighriskofbecomingdesert.Withafurther1.25millionsquarekilometersundermoderaterisk．”分析这句话可知，2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的高危险，而125万平方公里的土地有中度危险，因此C项为正确答案。40．【答案】C【解析】根据文章的最后一句话“Atthisratethereisahighriskthatwewillbeconfinedtolivingononly50％ofthisplanet'slandsurfacewithinonemorecenturyunlessweareabletodosomethingaboutit”，意为“如果我们不采取措施我们将会面临着很严重的危机”。所以C项“这是一个非常令人担忧的问题”符合文章的本意。41．【答案】C【解析】本题属于推论题。在解答本题前应先找到mind-stretching所在的句子，即“Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!(在网络上人们可以是信息接受者也可以是发布者，这很让人有点迷惑，但是却对人的思维有很高要求)”。因此C项为正确答案。42．【答案】B【解析】根据文中第八行“Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics．”可知，对作家来说是有利的工具，但对其他创造性的活动则是不利的工具，这个工具可以从紧跟的上文中找到，是thetypewriter，因此B项正确。43．【答案】D【解析】是谁努力帮助小学生呢?答案可参照文章倒数第五行“Thus，thesmalleffortsoftheman—theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers．”再结合上文，说的是小学请来年长者作为顾问，所以是年长者努力帮助小学生，故选D。44．【答案】A【解析】在解答本题前应首先理解本题句子的含义。theseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves的意思是“这些老人也感觉到了自己的价值”。这句话并没有涉及网络的内容，因此B、C、D三项都不对，只有A是符合题意的。45．【答案】C【解析】scratch的意思是“乱涂，擦，刮，抓，挖出”，词组scratchthesurface的意思是“只接触表面”，C项“处理某事物不全面”跟这个意思相符，因此C项正确。46．【答案】A【解析】根据文章第二段第二句话可知，即使浓度非常低，也会导致肺功能的降低，导致肺的过敏性增强，并引发导氮管发炎。从中可知，B、C、D三项都是laboratoryexperiments的结果之一。所以答案为A。47．【答案】C【解析】从原文第二段的“Althoughirritableandinflamedlungsareparticularlyseeninpeoplewithasthma(哮喘)andotherlungdiseases，theseeffectsofozonealsooccurinhealthysubjects．”可知，健康的人也会患肺气肿。因此选项C正确。48．【答案】D【解析】该题要选择不是lungdisease的原因的选项。A、B、C三项都可能是导致肺部病的原因。根据文中的“Groupsofchildrenattendingschoolcampsshowfallsinlungfunc