话题十九历史与社会

话题十九

历史与社会第二部分

话题专项训练目录contents话题基础积累与写作话题综合练习话题基础积累与写作目录contents名词：1.警戒，防护装置______2.法律______3.警察______4.真理，事实______5.优点，好处______guardlaw一、基础积累policetruthadvantage6.发展，发达，发育，开发______7.时期，时代______8.交通______9.安全______10.危险______11.发展______developmentperiodtrafficsafetydangerdevelopment动词：1.惩罚，处罚______2.改善______3.证明______4.管理，设法对付__________5.打仗(架)，争论______

punishimproveprovemanagefight6.强迫，迫使______7.余下，留下______8.领导，带领______9.报道，报告______10.增加______11.上升______12.控制______forceremainleadreportincreaserisecontrol形容词：1.大体的，笼统的，总的______2.大众的，通俗的______3.古代的，古老的______4.东方的______5.西方的______6.北方的______generalpopularancienteasternwesternnorthern短语：1.让……进来，放进____________2.放掉，泄露____________3.逃跑，失控____________4.谈论，议论____________5.谈论，议论____________letinletoutrunawaytalkabouttalkof6.为了____________7.逐步建立____________8.闯入，强行进入，插嘴，打断____________9.砍倒____________10.号召，打电话____________11.导致，导向____________inordertobuildupbreakincutdowncallupleadto常用句子：1.——中国的人口是多少？——超过13亿，人口增长非常快。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________—What’sthepopulationofChina?—Therearemorethan1.3billionpeople.Thepopulationgrowstoofast.2.——最严重的社会问题是什么？——我认为最严重的社会问题是污染。

____________________________________________________________________________________—Whatisthemostserioussocialproblem?—Ithinkthemostserioussocialproblemisthepollution.3.中国是一个有5000年悠久历史的国家。___________________________________________________________Chinaisacountrywithalonghistoryof5000years.4.我们必须马上停止污染环境。___________________________________5.不同的国家有不同的习俗。___________________________________________________________Weshouldstoppollutingatonce.Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.二、话题写作A.信息归纳ZhaoHuaisastudentfromauniversity.Hehasledagroupofuniversitystudentvolunteerssincelastyear.Theyhelpchildrenataprimaryschoolwiththeirstudiesanddailylives.“WhenIwasasmallchild，”Zhaosaid，“IknewMarch5thwasadayforpeopletolearnfromLeiFengbutIdidn’tknowtherealmeaningofthespiritofLeiFeng.NowwhenIseethesmilingfacesofthekidsIhavehelped，IdeeplyunderstandLeiFeng.Helpingothersmakesmehappy.”LeiFeng(1940—1962)isoneofthebest-knownsoldiersinChinesehistory.Helosthisparentswhenhewasveryyoung.Hisneighborsbroughthimup.Hediedinanaccidentattheageof22.Hedidmanygooddeedsinhisshortlife.Forexample，hegavehisownmoneytotheparentsofanothersoldier，andboughtaticketforawomanhedidn’tknowwithouttellingherhisname.OnMarch5th，1963，ChairmanMaocalledonpeopleto“LearnfromLeiFeng”andmadetheday“LeiFengDay”.Over50yearshaspassedsinceLeiFeng’sdeath.SomepeoplesaythatthespiritofLeiFengisout.Therehavebeenmanyreportsaboutthecoldnessofpeopletowardsstrangers.ThishasmademanyChinesepeoplethinkdeeplyaboutthemselves.Manypeoplethinkweneedtopromote(提倡)thatspiritagain.TheplaceZhaoHuaandhisgroupworkedasvolunteerslastyear1.Themeaningof“LeiFengDay”2.ThenumberofexamplesofLeiFenghelpingothers3.InformationCardataprimaryschooladayforpeopletolearnfromLeiFeng2/twoThepersonwhosetup“LeiFengDay”4.Whatmanyreportsareabout5.ChairmanMaothecoldnessofpeopletowardsstrangersB.书面表达你觉得雷锋精神过时了吗？请你就此写一篇80词左右的短文。内容包括：1.讲述你或你身边的人帮助他人的一次经历及你的感受。2.你认为雷锋精神过时了吗？为什么？【写作指导】第一步：审题：记叙文+议论文，一般过去时+一般现在时第二步：列提纲第一段：讲述你或你身边的人帮助他人的一次经历及你的感受。参考句型：(1)Oneday，…wasdoing…when…(2)WhenIsawthis，…(3)…butIfeltveryhappybecause…第二段：你认为雷锋精神过时了吗？为什么？参考句型：(1)Idon’tagreewiththeideathatLeiFengSpiritisout./Idon’tthink…(2)Inorderto…，weneed…第三步：列出主要的单词、短语和句型。1.有需要的__________________2.有困难的__________________3.伸出援手__________________4.因某事感谢某人__________________4.做…有困难__________________5.节约时间__________________6.这样的话__________________第四步：运用and，or，so，because，but，first，then等连接词将以上要点连成文章，注意句型多样化。【整篇写作】______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onemorning,Iwastakingabustogotoschoolwhenanoldladygotonthebus.Thebuswascrowdedandtherewasnoemptyseatatall.WhenIsawthis,Istoodupandgavemyseattoher.Theoldladythankedmeandotherpassengersonthebusalsopraisedmefordoingthat.IstoodallthewaytoschoolbutIwasveryhappy.Idon’tthinkLeiFengSpiritisout.Inordertomaketheworldabetterplace,weshouldalwaysreachahelpinghandtothoseinneed.Thiscanalsohelpreducesomesocialproblems.(109words)话题综合练习目录contents一、完形填空Thousandsofyearsago，humandidn’tliveintowns.Sometimestheywouldliveincavesorbuildcamps(宿营地)intheforest.Onlyaboutthirtypeople1ineachcamp.Themenwouldgohuntingwhilethewomenandchildren2foodfromthetreesaroundthecamp.Allthefoodwas3betweeneveryoneinthegroup.Everyfewweekstheymovedtoanotherplacetofindmorefood.Itwasasimplelife，butpeoplehadtobe4.Theyhadtomakeeverythingthattheyneeded，andtheyhadtoknowalotaboutplantsandanimals.Nowadays，mostpeopleliveintownsandcities，andtheyworkinofficesandfactories.Lifeis5thanintheolddays.Therearefewer6，butthereislessexcitement.Somepeoplego7excitement—sailingroundtheworld，climbingmountains，orexploringcaves.Mostpeoplelookforwardtothe8，atimewhentheycanenjoyachangefromtheirnormallife.Forsomethismeansgoingcamping.Butcampingtodayis9fromcampinginthepast.Gascookers，ready-madefoodandair-bedsmeanpeoplecancampmuchmore10thantheydidintheoldtimes.()1.A.livedB.talkedC.cameD.danced()2.A.plantedB.collectedC.watchedD.bought()3.A.foundB.usedC.sharedD.sold()4.A.politeB.kindC.carefulD.clever()5.A.worseB.fasterC.easierD.harderABCDC()6.A.dangersB.storiesC.peopleD.animals()7.A.waitingforB.lookingforC.turningonD.puttingon()8.A.dreamsB.giftsC.mealsD.holidays()9.A.awayB.differentC.freeD.far()10.A.slowlyB.terriblyfortablyD.hopefullyABDBC二、阅读理解AKazakhstanisincentralAsiaandEasternEurope.Let’shavealookattheetiquette(礼仪)init.

MeetingPeople

★Thecommongreetingisthehandshake，oftendonewithbothhandsandasmile.SincemanyKazakhsareMuslim，somemenwillnotshakehandswithwomen.

★Onceyouhavedevelopedapersonalrelationship，closefriendsofthesamesexmayprefertohugratherthanshakehands.GiftGivingEtiquette

★Wheninvitedtosomeone’shousefordinner，itispolitetobringsomethingforthehostesssuchaspastries(油酥点心).

★Donotgivealcoholicbeverages(酒精饮料)unlessyouknowyourhostdrinks.

★Giftsareusuallyopenedwhenreceived.DiningEtiquette

★Kazakhsareveryfriendlypeopleandenjoyhostingdinnersattheirhomes.

★Youwillbeservedteaandbread，evenifyouarenotinvitedtoameal，sinceKazakhsconsiderservingbreadisasignofrespect.

★Whenservedtea，yourcupwilloftenonlybefilledhalfway.Tofillthecupwouldmeanthatyourhostwantedyoutoleave.

★Youdon’thavetoarriveontime，althoughyoushouldnotarrivemorethan30minuteslatewithouttelephoningfirst.TableManners

★Theforkisheldinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightwhileeating.

★Somefoodsaremeanttobeeatenbyhand.

★Youwillbegivenabowltodrinksouportea.Whenyoudonotwantanymore，turnyourbowlupsidedown.

★Leavesomethingonyourplatewhenyoufinisheating.Thismeansthatyouhavehadenough.Ifyoufinisheverything，itmeansyouarestillhungryandyouwillbeservedmorefood.()1.WhichisthecommongreetinginKazakhstan?A.Shakehands.B.Bow.C.Kissthecheek.D.Hug.()2.Toshowpolite，whichofthefollowingshouldn’tbedoneatdinner?A.Servingbreadtoshowrespecting.B.Servingahalfcupoftea.C.Servingafullcupoftea.D.Arrivinglessthan30minuteslate.AC()3.Ifyoudon’twantanysouportea，youcan______inKazakhstan.A.leavethetableB.turnyourbowlupsidedownC.talkwithyourhostessD.drinkmoreteaattableB()4.WhenyoufinishyourdinnerinKazakhstan，you______.A.mustuseforkandknifeB.useabowltoeateverythingC.havetoeatfoodbyhandD.mustleavesomethingonyourplateD()5.Thewriterwritesthepassagetotellus______.A.someetiquetteinKazakhstanB.thepositionofKazakhstanC.foodanddrinksinKazakhstanD.howtohavedinnerinKazakhstanABEarlyretirementisadreamforthosewhodon’tliketheirjobs.Retiringearlycouldobviouslyhaveanegativeimpactnotonlyonyourfinances，butalsoonyoursociallifeandevenyourhealth.Here’swhyit’snotalwaysagoodideatoretireearly.Itmightbebadforyourhealth.Retirementcouldcontributetodeclining(衰退)yourphysicalandmentalhealth.Retirees(退休者)don’talwayshaveareasontogetupandgosomewhere，andthatcouldleadtoalifestylethatreducestheirlevelofphysicalhealth.It’smoredifficulttomaintainfriendships.Alotofsocializationoccursonthejoborafterwork，andworkplacefriendshipssometimesfadeawaywhenyouretire.Ittakesmoreefforttomeetpeopleinretirement，andsomeretireeslacksocialinteraction，whichcancontributetodeteriorating(变差的)mentalandemotionalhealth.Youcouldrunoutofmoney.Anearlierretirementmeansalongertimerelyingonyourassets(财产)andagreaterchancethatyouwillrunoutofmoney.Ifyoudon’thaveasolidnesteggorawaytosupplementyourewithpart-timeworkoryourownbusiness，thereisachancethatyouwillwindupinfinancial[DK](财务的)trouble.Yourlifemightlackpurpose.Anotherconsiderationiswhatyouwilldoalldaywithoutyourjob.Manyretireesfinditdifficulttofindapurpose.Whileafewweeksofdowntimewillcertainlyberelaxing，thenyouneedtodecidewhatyouwilldoeachdaythatgivesyourlifemeaning.Inordertomakeearlyretirementwork，youneedtolookaheadanddecidewhatyouwilldowiththeextratime.Youmightwanttotravel，volunteerordevotemoretimetoyourfamily.()6.Howmanydisadvantagesofearlyretirementarelistedinthepassage?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.()7.Youdon’tknowwhattodoafteryourretirement.Itmeans______.A.yourlifelackspurposeB.youhaverunoutofmoneyC.youhavenofriendstosharewithD.yourhealthisnotverygoodDA()8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“nestegg”meaninChinese?A.留窝鸡蛋B.储备金

C.保险D.工资B()9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Retiringearlycanaffectyoursociallifeandhealth.B.Itismoredifficulttomakefriendsafterretiringearly.C.Retiringearlymaymakeyourunoutofmoney.D.Retiringearlycanmakeyouyoungerthanbefore.D()10.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Howtospendretiringlife.B.Retiringearlyisgoodforyou.C.Fourreasonsfornotretiringearly.D.Enjoyyourretiringlife.

CC

配对阅读。左栏是五个人的信息，右栏是七种手机游戏。请将这五个人的信息与他们喜欢的游戏进行配对。People()11.Canyousinkyouropponent’sbattleshipsbeforehesinksyoursinthisfunandchallengingbattleshipgame?Playagainstthephoneandtrytosinkallofitsbattleshipsbeforeitsinksallofyours.Thefirstplayertosinkalloftheopponent’sshipswins.C()12.Thetruestreetracingexperiencehasarrivedinyourphone.Startyourcareerandearnrespectbeforeyoucanchallengethebestofthebest.()13.YourroleisafighterforindependenceoftheRepublicofIndonesiawhofoughtagainsttheJapaneseinvadersinWWII.Thisgamebeginswithsomelevelbattlesandexcitingchallenges.DF()14.Movingtoanewcitywithyoursportbike，youhopetocompetewithallyournewopponents.Youcanhavefunwithfriendsbutwatchoutforthepolicemenwhofollowyousincetheminuteyouarriveatthetown.()15.Youhavetotakeactionbecausealiensarriveandattacktheearth.Trytodefendwithyourtank.Destroythealienshipstoincreaseyourgamescore.Letthebattlebegin!AEPhoneGamesA.SportbikesUnlimitedYouhaveapowerfulsportbike，andyoujustmovetoanewcityandwanttoconquerallyouropponents.B.UltimateFighterUltimatefighterisoneofthebestshootinggamesspeciallydesignedforgamelovers.C.BattleshipsGamePlayfun&freebattleshipgameswithmillionsofplayers—gettheshipstofightnow!D.HighSpeed3DOpenyoureyesandexperiencecarracingincities；getreadytotaketothestreetsinHighSpeed3D.E.AlienCombatYouhavetodefendtheearthfromanalienattackwithyourtank.Startthegameandshootasmanyalienshipsaspossible.F.Soldier1945Inthisgame，youcanplayasoldierduringWWIIin1945.G.AngryBirdsThebirdsareangrybecausetheireggsarestolenbythefatpigs.Sotheyaretryingtothrowthemselvestotheplacewherethepigslive.三、短文填空ThereoncelivedinRussiaakingandaqueenwhowereveryfoolish.Onedaythequeenhadababydaughter.Whentheysawtheirbaby，they1._____________cried，“Mygoodness!Howsmallitis!It’stoothless!It’samonster!”Theysentforallthedoctorsinthecountryandorderedthemtopreparesome2._____________forit.bothmedicine“Whenshe3.___________yourmedicine，shemustgrowtotherightsizeandhave4._____________，”thekingsaid.“Ifyoudon’tdothis，you’llhaveabeating.”Thedoctorsthought5._____________impossible，buttheydarenotsay6._____________againsttheking’sorder.Justthenanolddoctorsteppedforward，takesteethitanything“Oh，weshallcertainlyobeyyourorder，”hesaid.“Butittakes7._____________.Wehavetodigforamineral(矿物)fromKunlunMountainswhenthesnowmelts(融化)forthesecondtime.Thesnowmeltsonthesemountainsonlyoncein8._____________years.Soweneedtwelveyears.”timesixAtlastthekingagreedandthedoctorstookthelittleprincess.Onher9._____________birthday，theybroughtherbacktoherparents10._____________longblackhairandbeautifulteeth.Thekingandqueenwereveryhappyandgavethedoctorsexpensivepresents.twelfthwith四、读写综合A.信息归纳Weallknowthestrangefeelingofwatchingthetimechangeonaclock.Youneverreallyseeitchangebecausethehandsmovesoslowly.But，ofcourse，thetimeischangingallthetime.Humanfaces，likeclockfaces，arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks，thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobenoticed.Overmanythousandsofyears，though，hugechangesarepossible.Forexample，thehumanbraintriplesinsize.Ourfacesbecameflatter，andwebegantothinkmore.Ifourheadsbecamelargerinthepast，howwillthingschangeinthefuture?Unlikethechangesofaclockface，thechangesinhumanfacesareverydifficulttopredict.Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthatwecannotcontrolpartsofnature.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago，allchangeswerenatural，butnowwecanactivelychoosepathsforourownevolution(进化).AUSartistnamedNiclolayLammhasrecentlyofferedanideaatwhathumanfacesmayonedaylooklike.Thedesigns