考研作文词汇部分

考研作文词汇部分

考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画

作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中

常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇（纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保

等问题）。

一、图表作文常用词汇：

表格图table；

图表chart;diagramgraphcolumn

描述：show;describe;illustrate;reveal;represent

数字figure;

数据statistic;

百分比percentage;

比例proportion

上升：increaseriseascendcoresurgegoupclimbmountlevelup

下降：decreasefalldropdescenddeclinereducelessenleveldown

平,念：stablesteadyremain/maintain/keep/bethesameas/similarto

波动：fluctuatefluctuationriseandfallsupanddown

占:occupytakeupaccountforgain

而：whilehoweverwhereasontheotherhandactually/infact

相比：bycontractonthecontrarylikewisecomparedwith

最高点：thehighestthetopthesummitthepeakthemost

最低点：bottomlessleastrockbottom

平均：meanaverage

趋势：tendancytrendinclination

预见：prediction

达到顶峰：mountto

由，••组成：consistof/bemadeupof/becomposedof

占44%比例:accountfor/makeup44percent

位居第一:rankthefirst

仅次于issecondto

居第二位：insecondspot

倒数第一isthelastone

第二大部份rankthesecond/thesecondlargestsection

与..相比：comparedwith

A与B成比例AbeinproportiontoB

差不多：About/around/rough1y

多达asmanyas

正好：Exactly/precisely

水平：leveloff

二、图画作文常用词汇：

⑴常见热点词汇：

1.素质教育:QualityEducation

2.EQ：分两种，•种为教育商数Educationalquotient,另种情感商数Emotional

quotient

3.保险业：theinsuranceindustry

4.保证重点指出：ensurefundingforpriorityareas

5.补发拖欠的养老金：clearuppensionpaymentsinarrears

6.不良贷款：non-perFORMingloan

7.层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-levelcontractingandillegalsubcontracting

8.城乡信用社：creditcooperativeinbothurbanandruralareas

9.城镇居民最低生活保障：aminimumstandardoflivingforcityresidents

10.城镇职工医疗保障制度：thesystemofmedicalinsuranceforurbanworkers

11.出口信贷：exportcredit

12.贷款质量：loanquality

13.贷款质量五级分类办法:thefive-categoryassetsclassificationforbankloans

14.防范和化解金融风险:takeprecautionsagainstandreducefinancialrisks

15.防洪工程：flood-preventionproject

16.非法外汇交易：illegalforeignexchangetransaction

17.非贸易收汇：foreignexchangeearningsthroughnontradechannels

18.非银行金融机构：non-bankfinancialinstitutions

19.费改税：transFORMadministrativefeesintotaxes

20.跟踪审计：foolow-upauditing

21.工程监理制度：themonitoringsystemforprojects

22.国有资产安全：thesafetyofstate-ownedassets

23.过度开垦：excessreclamation

24.合同管理制度：thecontractsystemforgoverningprojects

25.积极的财政政策：pro-activefiscalpolicy

26.基本生活费：basicallowance

27.解除劳动关系：severlaborrelation

28.金融监管责任制：theresponsibilitysystemforfinancialsupervision

29.经济安全：economicsecurity

30.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：toincreasethedeficittospendmoreondevelopment

31.扩大国内需求：theexpansionofdomesticdemand

32.拉动经济增长：fueleconomicgrowth

33.粮食仓库：graindepot

34.粮食收购企业：graincollectionandstorageenterprise

35.粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closedoperationofgrainpurchasefunds

36.粮食销售市场：grainsalesmarket

37.劣质工程：shoddyengineering

38.乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款：arbitrarycharges,fund-raising,quotasandfines

39.骗・匚、逃》匚、套¥匚：obtainforeigncurrencyunderfalsepretenses,notturnover

foreignowedtothegovernmentandillegalarbitrage

40.融资渠道：financingchannels

41.商业信贷原则：theprinciplesforcommercialcredit

42.社会保险机构：socialsecurityinstitution

43.失业保险金：unemploymentinsurancebenefits

44.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税：taxevasion,taxfraudandrefusaltopaytaxes

45.夕卜¥匚收支：foreignexchangerevenueandspending

46.安居工程：housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents

47.信息化：inFORMation-based;inFORMationization

48.智力密集型：concentrationofbrainpower;knowledge-intensive

49.外资企业：overseas-fundedenterprises

50.下岗职工：laid-offworkers

51.分流：repositionofredundantpersonnel

52.素质教育：educationforall-rounddevelopment

53.豆腐渣工程：jerry-builtprojects

54.社会治安情况：law-and-ordersituation

55.民族国家：nationstate

56.“台独"："independenceofTaiwan”

57.台湾当局：Taiwanauthorities

58.台湾同胞：Taiwancompatriots

59.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：TaiwanisaninalienablepartoftheChinese

territory.

60.西部大开发：DevelopmentoftheWestRegions

61.可持续性发展：sustainabledevelopment

62.风险投资：riskinvestment

63.通货紧缩：deflation

64.扩大内需：toexpanddomesticdemand

65.计算机辅助教学：computer-assistedinstruction(CAI)

66.网络空间：cyberspace

67.虚拟现实：virtualreality

68.网民：netizen(netcitizen)

69.电脑犯罪：computercrime

70.电子商务：thee-business

71.网上购物：shoppingonline

72.应试教育：exam-orientededucation

73.学生减负：toreducestudyload

74.“厄尔尼诺”：(ELNino)

75.“拉尼娜”：(LaNina)

76.“智商”：(IQ)

77.“情商”：(EQ)

78.“第三产业”：(third/tertiaryindustry,servicesector,thirdsequenceof

enterprises)79.“第四产业"：(quaternary/inFORMationindustry)

79.“军嫂”：(militaryspouse)

80.“峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)"：summit(conference

81.“克隆”：clone

82.“冰毒”：ice

83.“摇头丸”：dancingoutreach

84.“传销"：multilevelmarketing

85."(计算机)2000年问题”：Y2Kproblem(yforyear,kforkiloorthousand)

86.“白皮书"：whitepaper(不是whitecoverbook)

87.“傻瓜相机"：Instamatic(商标名,焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);

88.“白条"：IOUnote（I0U：债款、债务，由Ioweyou的读音缩略转义而来）

89.“巡回招聘"：milkround（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求

职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者唔谈）。

90."减员增效"：increaseefficiencybydownsizingstaff;

91.“抓大放小”：managelargeenterpriseswellwhileeasecontroloversmallones;

92.“市政府要办的X件实事”：xmajorprojectsthatshouldbegiventoppriority

asdesignatedonthemunicipalgovernmentJsworkingagenda;

93.”两个基本点“：twofocalpoints,twoofthemajorpointsofthelinesetby

the13thCongressoftheCPC,I.e.upholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesandthe

policiesreFORM,openingtotheoutsideworldandinvigoratingdomesticeconomyo

94.“投资热点”：aregionattractivetoinvestors,amuchsoughtpieceofhand,

popularinvestmentspot

95.“移动电话"：本系cellular（有时简作cel）或mobile（tele）phone

96.“三角债"：chaindebts或debtchains

97.“拳头产品"：knockoutproduct

98.“投诉热线”：dial-a-cheatconfidentialhotline（打电话告诉一件欺诈事件）

99.“三通”的现译文threelinks：linkoftrade,travelandpost

100.“外资”：overseasinvestments

101.“开放"：opentotheoutsidewor1d

102.“联防”：community/teampo1icing（一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理）

103."三陪服务"：escortservices（陪伴服务）。

104.“五讲四美"：fivestressesandfourpointsofbeauty

105."暴禾：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/suddenhugeprofit（windfal1

profit也好）

106."暴发户"：upstart,parvenu,noov（e）,nouveauriche（newrich）,jumped-up

people（口语）

107.“快餐”：snack（food）,quickmeal,fast（food,meal）,takeaway,carryout,

MRE（mealsreadytoeat）“一次（性/用）”

108.一次处理：single/primarytreatment;

109.一次污染：primarypollution;

110.一次冻透:straight;freez-ing;

111.一次空气：fresh/primaryair;

112.一次爆破：onepull;

113.一次付清：payinfull;

114.•次消费：one-time-consumption;

115.一次误差：first-ordererror;

116.一次成像照片:aPolaroidpicture;

117.一次偿还信贷：non-in-stallment;

118.一次性杯子:sanitarycup;

119.一次性筷子：disposablechopsticks;

120.•次性收入：lump-sumpayment;

121.一次用包装：non-returnablecontainer;

122.一次用相机：single-usecamera

123.西部开发：DevelopWesternRegions

124.假日经济：HolidayEconomy

125.手机的利与弊：AdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheCellPhone

126.传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：CanBeepersBeSoonOutofUse?

127.电脑病毒：ComputerViruses

128.网匕犯罪：CyberCrimes

129.旅游热：TourismWave

130.打拐：CrackingDownontheAbductionofWomenandChildren

131.反毒斗争：Anti-drugBattle

132.黑客：Hackers

133.减负:ReductionofStudents*StudyLoad

134.中国加入世贸组织：China，sEntryintotheWTO

135.沙尘暴：Sandstorms

136.告别1999：FarewelltotheSpecialYear1999

137.千年虫：TheMillenniumBug

138.千禧年的梦想：MyMillenniumDreams

139.拥抱新千年：EmbracingtheNewMillennium

140.网上购物:ShoppingontheNet

141.参考书的负面效应：MyViewontheNegativeEffectsofReferenceBooks

142.因特网的利与弊：PositiveandNegativeAspectsofInternet

143.人类第一张基因草图的意义：TheSignificanceoftheFirstWorkingDraftofHuman

GenomeMap

144.高校合并：TheMergingofUniversities

145.网上求职：HuntingforAJobonInternet

146.何为新世纪的好老师？：WhatIsaGoodTeacherintheNextCentury?

147.中国的外资：China，sforeignInvestment

148.中国的人才流失：TheTalentFlightinChina

149.性教育：SexEducation

150.明天的因特网：TheFutureTomorrowsInternet

151.课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：ATeacher-centeredClassorA

Student-centeredClass?

152,现有的考试制度的利与弊:ThePositiveandNegativeAspectsofExamsandthe

ExistingExaminationSystem

153.中国的因特网:InternetinChina

154.中国的电脑：ComputersinChina

155.中国的大学英语教学：CollegeEnglishTeachinginChina

156.新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗?：DoesNewTuitionPolicyKeepStudentsAway?

157.家教的利与弊：PositiveandNegativeAspectsofHomeTutoring

158.教师,国家的未来：Teachers,ANation，sFuture

159.电子词典:ElectronicDictionaries

160.教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education:Examination-orientedor

Quality-oriented

161.提倡创新精神：DevelopOurCreativeMind

162.计算机辅助教学:CAI/ComputerAssistedInstruction

163.自动取款机的利与弊:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheATM

164.展望廿一世纪：LookingForwardtothe21stCentury

165.盗版问题：ProblemofPiracy

166.学会如何学习:LearnHowtoLearn

167.假文凭：FakeDiplomas

168.书的不良影响：MyViewontheNegativeEffectsofBooks

169.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?：WhyDoPeopleLiketoTryTheirLuckonLottery?

170.兼职工作:MyViewonaPart-timeJob

171.无偿献血:BloodDonationwithoutRepayment

172.留学海外：StudyingAbroad

173.发展经济还是保护环境？：DevelopingEconomyorProtectingtheEnvironment?

174.电子邮件:TheInternetE-mail

175.拥抱知识经济的新时代:EmbracingtheKnowledgeEconomyAge

176.努力更新知识：TryingtoRenewKnowledge

177.深化(中国的)改革:DeepenChinasReFORM

178.因特网的利与弊:TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofInternet

179.我们需要因特网吗？：DoWeNeedInternet?

180.大学英语考试:CollegeEnglishTest

181.大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：IstheCollegeEnglishTestBand4/Band6

Necessary?

182.廿一世纪的青年人:TheYouthandthe21stCentury

⑵分类热点词汇：

1.涉及文化教育的词汇：

自学成才tobecomeeducatedthroughindependentstudy

启发式elicitationmethod(ofteaching);heuristicmethod

填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feedingmethodofteaching

普及教育universaleducation

义务教育compulsoryeducation;freeeducation

学前教育preschooleducation

初等教育elementaryeducation

中等教育secondaryeducation

高等教育higher/tertiaryeducation

普遍教育generaleducation

成人教育adulteducation

职业技术教育vocationalandtechnicaleducation

国家教育委员会StateEducationCommission

高等学校institutionofhighereducation

综合性大学comprehensiveuniversity

文科大学universityofliberalarts

文科院校collegesofart

理工科大学college/universityofscienceandengineering

师范大学normaluniversity;teachersyuniversity

师范学院teachers，college

工业大学polytechnicaluniversity

工业学院6ngineeringinstitute

农业大学agriculturaluniversity

农学院agriculturalcollege

医科大学medicaluniversity

医学院medicalcollege/school

中医院instituteoftraditionalChinesemedicine

音乐学院conservatoryofmusic

美术学院academyoffinearts

体育学院physicalcultureinstitute

分校branchschool

重点学校keyschool

业余学校spare-timeschool

业余职工大学spare-timecollegeforstaffandworkers

电视广播大学televisionandradiobroadcastinguniversity

函授学院correspondenceschool

教师进修学校teachers'collegeforvocationalstudies

成人夜校nightschoolforadults

业余艺术/体育学校amateurarts/athleticschool

半工半读学校part-workandpart-studyschool

中等专业学校secondaryspecializedschool;polytechnicschool

中等技术学校secondarytechnicalschool;technicalsecondaryschool

职业学校vocationalschool

附中attachedmiddleschool

在职进修班in-servicetrainingcourse

进修班classforadvancedstudies

短训班short-termtrainingcourse

专修科special(training)course

自学考试self-taughtexamination

教职员teachingandadministrativestaff

教学人员thefaculty;teachingstaff

中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress;principal

大专院校校长president;chancellor

教务长deanofstudies

(系)主任chairman;chairperson

副主任vice-chairman

教授professor

副教授associateprofessor

客座教授visitingprofessor;guestprofessor

讲师lecturer

助教assistant

专职教师full-timeteacher

兼职教师part-timeteacher

辅导员assistantforpoliticalandideologicalwork

教研室/组teachingandresearchsection/group

教学组teachinggroup

教员休息室staffroom;commonroom

母校AlmaMater

校友alumnus;alumna

学生会students'union/association

高年级学生upper/highergradepupil/student;pupil/studentinseniorgrades

低年级学生lowergradepupil/student;pupil/studentinjuniorgrades

走读生daystudent;non-residentstudent

住宿生boarder

旁听生auditor

研究生graduatestudent;post-graduate（student）

应届毕业生graduatingstudent/pupil;thisyear，sgraduates

听课tovisitaclass;tositinonaclass;ptoattendalecture

公开课openclass

课程course;curriculum

必修课required/compulsorycourse

选修课elective/optionalcourse

基础课basiccourse

专业课specializedcourse

课程表schooltimetable

课外活动extracurricularactivities

课外辅导instructionafterclass

课外阅读outsidereading

课堂讨论classdiscussion

（大学的）研究小组；讨论会seminar

教学大纲teachingprogram;syllabus

教学内容contentofcourses

学习年限periodofschooling

学历recordofformalschooling

学年school/academicyear

学期（school）term;semester

学分credit

分数mark;grade

五分制the5-grademarkingsystem

百分制100-marksystem

学习成绩academicrecord;schoolrecord

成绩单schoolreport;reportcard;transcript

毕业论文thesis;dissertation

毕业实习graduationfieldwork

毕业设计graduationceremony

毕业典礼graduationceremony;commencement

毕、业证书diploma;graduationcertificate

毕业鉴定graduationappraisal

授予某人学位toconferadegreeonsb.

升级tobepromotedtoahighergrade

留级torepeattheyear*swork;tostaydown

补考make—upexamination

升学togotoaschoolofahighergrade;toenterahigherschool

升学率proportionofstudentsenteringschoolsofahighergrade

奖学金scholarship

(国家)助学金(state)stipend/subsidy

领取助学金的学生agrant-aidedstudent

学费tuition(fee)

伙食费boardexpenses

伙食补助foodallowance

文凭diplomasandcertificates

考研热thecrazeforgraduateschoolstudy

应试教育theexamination-orientededucation

义务教育compulsoryeducation

复合型人才interdisciplinarytalents

文化底蕴therichculturaldeposits

大学生创业theuniversitystudents，innovativeundertakings

扩招expandenrollment

被授予学位begrantedaanofficialcertificatefrom

高分低能goodscoresbutlowqualities

片面追求升学率placeundueemphasisontheproportionofstudentsenteringschools

ofahigherlevel

退学dropoutoftheschool

形成淘汰制度frameaneliminationsystem

教书育人impartknowledgeandeducatepeople

因材施教teachstudentsaccordingtotheiraptitude

德才兼备possesspoliticalintegrityandprofessionalability

品学兼优beastudentsoffinequalitiesandfinescholar

提高学生身心素质improvethehealthandpsychologicalquality

适应社会的改变adjusttothesocialchangesquickly

满足社会的急需meettheurgentneedofthesociety

保护知识产权protecttheintellectualproperty

才疏学浅bewantinginabilityandshallowinknowledge

努力获得精神文明makeeffortstoseekculturalandideologicalprogress

减轻负担reducetheheavyburdens

更加有意义和丰富的生活amorevigorous,colorfulanddynamiclife

2,涉及工作的词汇：

崇高职业noblecareer

白领工作white-collarworkers

跳槽job-hopping

试用期probationaryperiod

人才流动和双向选择talentflowandadual-wayselection

自由职业freelancework

拜金主义moneyworship

获得名利achievefameandwealth

充分发挥个人的潜力developfullyone'spotentialandcreativity

实干精神steadfastandearnestinone，swork

工作出色excelinone'swork

无忧无虑becare-free

社会和个人的尊重socialandpersonalesteem

生计问题abreadandbutterissue

生活补助livingsubsidies

人才交流talentsexchange

培养人才cultivatetalents

推荐人才recommendthevirtuousandable

人才外流braindrain

优化产业结构optimizethestructure

精简人员cutofftheoverstaffedoffices

提高综合素质improvethecomprehensivequality

解决劳动就业问题tackletheproblemoflaborforceutilization

砸掉大锅饭shattertheconventionofironbowl

坚持改革bepersistentinthereformprogress

造成失业问题bringabouttheunemploymentproblem

卜卤人员thelaid-offworkers

自谋生路beself-employed

给出优惠政策givepreferentialtreatment

享受失业救济金enjoyunemploymentpension

需要安全感和生活保障needasenseofsecurityandguaranteeoflife

劳动力短缺shortageofmanpower

提高文化，智慧，品质修养enhancetheirculturalandmoralquality

3.涉及环保的词汇

污染POLLUTION

污染物Pollutants

农业废物Agriculturalwastes

商业噪音Commercialnoise

混合污染Compositepollution

作物废物Cropwaste

火、火灾Fire

危险物质Hazardoussubstances

危险废物Hazardouswastes

重金属Heavymetals

医院废物Hospitalwastes

工业废水Industrialeffluents

工业排放物Industrialemissions

工业烟尘Industrialfumes

工业噪声Industrialnoise

无机污染物Inorganicpollutants

铅污染Leadcontamination

液体废物Liquidwastes

丢弃物，废气物Litter

汞污染Mercurycontamination

微污染物Micropollutants

采矿废物Miningwastes

机动车辆排放物Motorvehicleemissions

城市废物Municipalwaste

氮氧化物Nitrogenoxides

噪声污染Noisepollution

恶臭公害Odournuisance

有机物污染Organicpollutants

难降解有机污染物Persistentorganicpollutants

有机溶剂Organicsolvents

有机卤化物Organohalogencompounds

医药废物Pharmaceuticalwastes

塑料废物Plasticwastes

放射性物质Radioactivesubstances

氨Radon

橡胶废物Rubberwaste

污水Sewage

固体废物Solidwastes

热污染Thermalpollution

有毒物质Toxicsubstances

有毒废物Toxicwaste

痕量元素Traceelements

痕量物质Tracematerials

交通噪音Trafficnoise

废物，垃圾Trash

废热Wasteheat

木材废料Woodwaste

污染源Pollutionsources

生物武器Biologicalweapons

水泥工业Cementindustry

化学武器Chemicalweapons

烟囱Chimneys

冷却水Coolingwaters

机动车辆Motorvehicles

摩托车Motorcycles

核武器Nuclearweapons

海洋倾倒Oceandumping

石油泄漏Oilspills

废金属Scrapmetals

挖掘堆积Excavationheaps

污染治理Pollutionabatement

隔音Acousticinsulation

化学污染清除Chemicaldecontamination

燃料脱硫Desulphurizationoffuels

过滤器Filters

噪音治理Noiseabatement

污染治理设备Pollutionabatementequipment

污染控制技术Pollutioncontroltechnology

辐射防护Radiationprotection

洗涤器Scrubbers

分离器Separators

防烟Smokeprevention

废物最少化Wasteminimization

废物Wastes

电池处理Batterydisposal

废物的化学处理Chemicaltreatmentofwaste

处置场所Disposalsites

废物焚烧Incinerationofwaste

矿山回填Minefilling

残油回收Oilresiduerecuperation

放射性废物管理Radioactivewastemanagement

回收的材料Recycledmaterials

回收Recycling

材料再利用Reuseofmaterials

污水处置Sewagedisposal

废物处置Wastedisposal

废物回收Wasterecovery

废物利用Wasteuse

核安全Nuclearsafety

污染物的影响Pollutanteffects

污染风险Pollutionrisk

与环境有关的疾病Environmentallyrelateddiseases

工作环境Workingenvironment

人机工程学Ergonomics

职业健康Occupationalhealth

职业安全Occupationalsafety

营养与保健Nutritionandhealthcare

过敏素Allergens

基本食物要求Basicfoodrequirements

食品Food

食品添加剂Foodadditives

食用色素Foodcolourants

食品污染Foodcontamination

保健Healthcare

卫生设施Healthfacilities

高蛋白食品Highproteinfoods

医院Hospitals

营养不良Malnutrition

医疗Medicaltreatment

药用植物Medicinalplants

营养Nutrition

食品的营养价值Nutritivevalueoffood

毒物Poisons

吸烟Smoking

主食Staplefoods

传统保健Traditionalhealthcare

灾难DISASTERS

灾难现象Catastrophicphenomena

生物体的意外释放Accidentalreleaseoforganisms

雪崩Avalanches

旋风Cyclones

地震Earthquakes

环境事故Environmentalaccidents

流行病Epidemics

洪水Floods

飓风Hurricanes

山崩Landslides

人为灾难Human-madedisasters

核事故Nuclearaccidents

放射性污染Radioactivecontamination

释放Release

地震海浪Seismicseawaves

泄漏Spillage

暴风雨Storms

台风Typhoons

应急减灾措施Emergencyreliefmeasures

灾难清理作业Disasterclean-upoperations

防灾准备Disasterpreparedness

防灾Disasterprevention

灾难救援Disasterrelief

流离失所人员Displacedpersons

紧急救援Emergencyrelief

应急避难所Emergencyshelter

环境应急计划Environmentalcontingencyplanning

防洪Floodcontrol

放射性污染清除Radioactivedecontamination

临时住房Temporaryhousing

临时避难所Temporaryshelter

生境破坏Habitatdestruction

陆地活动Land-basedactivities

自然改变Physicalalterations

4.关于人口的词汇：

人口Population

人口学家demographer

人口理论populationtheory

人口过剩overpopulation

人口不足underpopulation

人口增殖populationreproduction

人口增长