高考单项填空题考查的语言知识点多

高考单项填空题考查的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。一、句子结构还原法英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就要留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：1.将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句()①Whatgreatdifficultywehad________her!A.persuadeB.topersuadeC.persuadingD.persuaded()②YoucannotimaginewhatgreattroubleItook________yourhouse.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.havingfound()③Whowouldyouratherhave________atthemeeting?A.spokenB.tospeakC.speakingD.speak2.将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序()④Marythoughtthatitwas________thatJanedidhertolendherthebeautifulcar.A.possibleB.kindC.necessaryD.afavour()⑤Wasitinthebeautifulpark________waslocatedbythesea________wefirstmetournewChineseteacher?A.where；whichB.which；whichC.that；thatD.which；where()⑥Look！There________MumandDad!A.comesB.comeC.arecomingD.iscoming3.将省略句还原为完整句省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。()⑦—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes，sincehe________theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined()⑧Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow，and________．A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite()⑨Whenfirst________tothemarket，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced()—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—________hernewbike.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing()—Whatdoyouthinkofmycomposition?—Better________it.A.rewriteB.torewriteC.rewritingD.rewritten()Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.Ifyou________nexttime，youwillregretagain.A.don'tB.aren'tC.shouldn'tD.won't()OnAIDSDay，theministerofHealthDepartmentdemandedthattheproblems________paidspecialattentionto.A.referredtobeingB.referredtobeC.refertobeingD.refertobe()ThereisaremarkabledifferencebetweentheshortpoemsthatwerewritteninEnglisharoundtheyear1500and________writtenaround1600.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones4.将冗长题干还原为简单题干(化繁为简法)命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，即将起干扰作用的定语从句、非谓语动词、介词短语或插入语，如Ithink/suppose/believe，doyouthink/suppose/believe，youknow，ofcourse等删除，从而更容易选出正确答案。()Itisglobalwarming，ratherthanotherfactors，______theextremeweather.A.thathaveledtoB.whichhascausedC.whicharecausingD.thathasledto()Theotherday，mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()Thisisthewayyouthoughtof______theproblems.A.beingsolvedB.tosolveC.solvingD.havingsolved()—Eachofthestudents，workinghardathisorherlessons，______togotouniversity.—SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped5.将被动式题干还原为主动式题干()Theteachersaidtimeshouldbemadegooduseof______ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.beinglearned()Acookwillbeimmediatelyfinedifheisfound_____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked二、语境分析法语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难作出正确选择。因此，首先要认真研读题干，抓住特定的信息词(组)，捕获题干中的隐含信息，再作定论。只有分析具体的语言情境，寻找解题的最关键信息，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。()—Annisinhospital.—Oh，really?I______know.I______goandvisither.A.didn't；amgoingtoB.don't；wouldC.don't；willD.didn't；will()—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme，Mary?—Ihaven'ttheleastinterestinit；______，Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo.A.otherwiseB.besidesC.howeverD.therefore()—Howlong________inJi'nan?—Forjusttheweekend.Iwasbackshortlyafterthemeeting.A.didyoustayB.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustayingD.areyoustaying()—WhydoesSaraknowsomuchaboutAngkorWat?—She________havebeenthere，or...A.mustB.mayC.canD.would三、标点暗示法标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之地。它在单项填空题题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构中。有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词(多为分词)。()Hewrotefivenovels，twoof________translatedintoEnglish.A.itB.themC.whichD.that()Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters，________treatinghimwell.A.noneofthemB.noneofwhomC.andnoneofwhomD.andnoneofthem()Asisknowntoall，MontrealisthesecondlargestFrench－speakingcityintheworld，________.A.ParisisthelargestB.ParisthelargestC.ParistobethelargestD.Parisbethelargest()Iwanttobuyagiftforher，________beyondherimagination.A.whichB.thatC.onethatD.something()ThereareeighttipsinDr.Roger'slectureonsleep，andoneofthemis:___tobedearlyunlessyouthinkitisnecessary.A.doesn'tgoB.nottogoC.notgoingD.don'tgo()Pleasedomeafavour—________myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheatreat7：30tonight.A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited四、语法分析法对基本语法的灵活运用是高考单项填空考查的一个主要内容。解题时必须仔细分析句子结构，注意句子前后的一致性，如主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等，并且快速划分出意群，弄清句子结构，找出所缺句子的成分，这样才有利于问题的解决。尤其要查看有无连词。若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中的一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经有连词，一般不再用连词；若还没有用连词，就一定要选连词。()IfanexcellentChinesenovelistranslatedintoEnglish，________meansmanymorepeopleintheworldcanenjoyit.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()AnexcellentChinesenovelistranslatedintoEnglish，________meansmanymorepeopleintheworldcanenjoyit.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()Shemayhavemissedthetrain，________shewon'tarriveforanotherhour.A.inwhichcaseB.inonecaseC.inanycaseD.inthatcase()________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who()Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders____consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which()—Englishhasalargevocabulary，hasn'tit?—Yes.________morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known()JamesCookwasastrictcaptain，but____allthesailorsontheshipshowedrespectfor.A.thatB.theoneC.whoD.one()________buthestilldidn'tknowwhattodo.A.ThoughhehadbeentoldB.HehadbeentoldC.HavingbeentoldD.Told五、固定搭配法固定搭配法就是根据词与词的搭配关系来找某问题答案的方法。常见的是一些特定的句型、句式(如倒装，therebe，it＋be＋...，祈使句＋and/or...)和某些固定的短语搭配等。在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配等等，对做题十分有利。()Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravellingis________inarrivingatyourdestination________inthejourneyitself.A./;butB./;orC.not;orD.not;but()Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace_____herfootwoundedsomuch.A.forB.whenC.withD.while()I____itasabasicprincipleofthecompanythatsuppliersofrawmaterialsshouldbegivenafairpricefortheirproducts.A.makeB.lookC.takeD.think()—We________aswellgostraighthome.There'snothingbettertodo.—OK，thoughIhatetodoso.A.mightB.canC.shouldD.must六、突破思维定式法思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中注意正确理解句意，克服思维定势才是解题的关键。()—Howdoyoufindthebooks?—Oh，theyarewonderful.Peopleherethink______ofthebooks.A.anumberB.agreatmanyC.agreatdealD.aplenty()Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereis________mysparetime.A.fromB.inC.ofD.at()Weshouldpreventpollution________happily.A.livingB.toliving