高考英语一轮复习第1部分Unit4Astronomythescienceof

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．atmospheren．大气层；氛围2．solaradj.太阳的；日光的3．thusadv.所以；于是4．gentleadj.平和的；高雅的5．climaten．天气6．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)飘荡n．飘荡物9．systemn．系统；系统；制度10．theoryn．学说；理论[语境运用]用所给词的适合形式填空。1．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.2．Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake，whichfrightenedhim.3．However，hewasthegentlest(gentle)manIhaveeverknown.4．Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup，shealsopulled(pull)upachair.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Wearelookingatthebenefitsofsystems(system)whichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.拓展单词1．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全世界性的；全世界的2．violentadj.剧烈的；强烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；剧烈地3．likevt.喜爱prep.像→dislikevt.不喜爱；厌烦→likelyadj.可能的→unlikeprep.与不一样；不像4．harmn．&vt.损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的5．existvi.存在；生计→existencen．存在；生计6．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)诱惑；(使)犯难n．谜；难题→puzzledadj.感觉疑惑的puzzlingadj.令人疑惑的7．religionn．宗教；宗教崇奉→religiousadj.宗教上的；信仰宗教的；忠诚的8．biologyn．生物学→biologistn．生物学家9．reactv．反响→reactionn．反响；回应[语境运用]用所给词的适合形式填空。1．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2．Lastnightwehadadiscussionwereachedanagreementthatwewill

，whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent．Finallyneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth，butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5．Unlikeme，myyoungerbrother，atallandstrongyoungman，likesplayingbasketballverymuch.ItislikelythathewillbecomeaYaoMinginthefuture.(like)阅读词汇1．fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的2．chainn．链子；连锁；锁链3．acidn．酸4．multiplyv．乘；增添5．gravityn．万有引力；重力6．exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽7．satelliten．卫星；人造卫星8．spaceshipn．宇宙飞船9．astronomyn．天文学10．carbonn．碳拓展联想un-前缀高频形容词集锦unlike不像的②unfair不公正的③unimportant不重要的④unusual不平常的⑤unhappy不幸福的⑥unfortunate不好运的unnecessary不需要的以-ful结尾的形容词①harmful有害的②useful实用的③helpful有帮助的④powerful强盛的⑤careful当心的⑥forgetful健忘的sorrowful伤心的3.后缀-ist名词荟萃①biologist生物学家②tourist旅行者；旅客③physicist物理学家④scientist科学家⑤psychologist心理学家⑥specialist

专家⑦artist

艺术家熟词生义你知道下边句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？1．(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.He

pulled

infrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.

泊车2．Asweknow，Japan，madeupofachainofislandsthatlieoffthecoastofAsia，isacountrywherenaturaldisastersoccurfrequently.一系列；一连串3．Smallbusinessesarefindingithardtosurviveinthepresenteconomicclimate.环境[短语多维应用][语境运用]采用左侧短语的适合形式填空。1.in_time实时；终于①Now_thatweallunderstandthatthe高2．prevent_...from阻挡；遏止hazeisharmfultoourhealth，weshould频3．now_that既然takeeffectivemeasuresto②prevent短4．cheer_up感觉快乐；感觉振奋it③fromgettingfrombadtoworse.No语5．lay_eggs下蛋matterwhathappens，wemust④6．give_birth_to产生；临盆cheer_upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon，we'llsucceed⑤in_time.[语境运用]采用左侧短语的适合形式填7.in_one's_turn轮到某人空。8．watch_out_for亲密注意；当心；Afire⑥broke_outinthebuilding高防备lastnight.Luckily，thefirefighters9．depend_on依赖；取决于arrivedintimeandputoutthefire.We频10．break_outwerewarnedto⑦watch_out_for短突发；迸发11．block_out挡住(光芒)electricityandgaswhencookingour语12．get_the_hang_of熟习；掌握；meals.Thankstothefirefighters'理解help，wewerenotinjured.Theyarethe13．at_midnight在子夜menthatwecan⑧depend_onwhenweareintrouble.1．表达“当心；当心”的拓高频短语荟萃④becareful当心②stop/preventsb.from2．“v....from”表“阻doingsth.展①watchout(for)止，严禁”短语③bansb.fromdoingsth.联当心；当心①discouragesb.from④keepsb.fromdoing②lookout想当心③takecaredoingsth.sth.当心[句式构造仿写]教材原句背诵1.whether...ornot能否。Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.makeit＋adj.＋todosth.。Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.形容词作陪伴状语。Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.

句式仿写应用他们能否能够经过沟通达成协议还不清楚。It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationor_not.我精晓英语，这使我更简单找到一份好工作。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，whichmakes_it_easier_for_me_to_findagoodjob.我付出的时间和精力是从前的三倍多，所以我相信我此次能成功。Idevotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asIdidbefore，soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，cold_and_hungry.精讲3个考纲单词1．harmfuladj.有害的单句语法填空Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.AsfarasI'mconcerned，thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译尽人皆知，过度饮酒对你的健康有害。①Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_your_health．(harmful)②Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchdoes_harm_to_your_health．(harmn．)先理解再切记(1)beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害do/causeharmtosb.(2)对某人有害do/causesb.harmThereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没(3)有缺点Itdoesnoharmtodosth.[佳句背诵]Thesedayscausing/doingseriousharmto

，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommon，lifeandtheenvironment.2.existvi.存在；生计单句语法填空①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.③Thereexistsawiderangeofdifferentopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.(2)[链接写作]——达成句子固然很多人有了汽车，可是泊车倒是个现存的问题。Manypeoplehavecarsoftheirown，butparkingis_an_existing_problem．先理解再切记(1)existin...存在于之中existon...靠为生Thereexists...某地有；存在(2)existencen．存在；生计comeintoexistence产生；建立；开始存在(3)existingadj.现存的；现行的[名师点津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existing是只作定语的形容词。puzzlevt.(使)诱惑；(使)犯难；(使)窘困；感觉诱惑n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜单句语法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion，shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartsinceshefailedintheexam，becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle)．③Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.(2)[链接写作]——达成句子事实上，困扰你的事情关于中国的很多父亲母亲来说也是一个难题。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_tomanyparentsinChina.先理解再切记(1)puzzleabout/over绞尽脑汁；苦苦考虑(2)apuzzletosb.一件让某人感觉疑惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj.令人诱惑的(4)puzzledadj.疑惑不解的；疑惑的bepuzzledabout

对疑惑不解[名师点津

]

以-ed

结尾的形容词，如

puzzled

，confused

，frightened

，excited

，surprised等，除了能够用来描绘人的心理活动之外，还能够用来修饰与人相关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。解说3个核心短语1．intime实时；终于；早晚单句语法填空①AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.③Luckily，Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.(2)[链接写作]——达成句子我深信我们的努力早晚会有所回报。Iholdthefirmbeliefthatoureffortswill_pay_off_sooner_or_later/in_time.先理解再切记(1)innotime

马上；马上atnotime

决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装构造

)atatime

每次；一次attimes有时，有时atonetime以前；一度atthesametime

同时fromtimetotime

有时；有时(2)takeone'stime

别焦急；慢慢来killtime

消磨时间2.inone'sturn

轮到某人(1)单句语法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put(put)

forward

anumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译两个女儿轮番照料患病的母亲。①Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherby_turns．Thetwodaughterstook_turns_tolookaftertheirsickmother.先理解再切记inturn挨次；轮番；反之；反过来byturns

轮番；交替地taketurnstodosth.

轮番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.

轮到某人做某事[佳句背诵]

Peopletrytoavoidpublic

transportation

delaysbyusingtheir

owncars

，whichinturn

createsmoreproblems.3.cheerup

(使)快乐；(使)振奋；感觉快乐；感觉振奋(1)单句语法填空①CheerMaryup，andthingswillworkoutforthebest.②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstill

there

tocheeronherfriends

andpraisetheiraccomplishments.(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级(一般表达)WhenI'mfeelingsad，mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.(高级表达)WhenI'mfeelingdepressed，mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up．先理解再切记(1)cheersb.up

使某人抖擞起来cheersb.on(

竞赛中

)以喝采声鼓舞；为某人加油cheerfor

为而喝彩(2)Cheers干杯！[佳句背诵]Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!打破2个高考句型1．

(

教材

P26)This

produced

achain

reaction

，

which

made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop．这就产生了一系列的反响，使生命的发展成为可能。[重点提炼]makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb.todosth.，此中it作形式宾语，而真实的宾语是动词不定式。(1)单句语法填空①Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto_buy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译跟着一每日过去，我发现很难和他相处。①Withdaysgoingby，Ifound(that)_it_was_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(宾语从句)②Withdaysgoingby，Ifoundit_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(不定式作宾语)先理解再切记(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句make＋it＋形容词/名词＋todo不定式make＋it＋nogood/nouse...＋doingsth.(2)常用于这类句型的动词还有：

think

，consider

，find

，feel

等。2.(

教材

P31)But

whenI

tried

to

step

forward

，I

found

I

wascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我觉察我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因此我跌倒了。[重点提炼]twiceasfaras...是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。(1)单句语法填空①Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavy(heavy)asthatone.Therearefourtimesmore(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译正在修筑的教课楼是那栋教课楼的三倍高。①Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_as_high_asthatone.(high)②Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_higher_thanthatone.(higher)③Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_the_height_ofthatone.(height)先理解再切记英语中常有的倍数表达法：A＋be＋倍数＋as＋原级＋asBA＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋thanBA＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋ofBA＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是的多少倍”[名师点津

]

在表示“两倍”时要用

double

或

twice

，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也能够用分数、百分数、

half

等来替代。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thewomanphysicistgave(give)birthtoafinehealthygirllastyear.2．Noonecanaccountforthereasonwhythefirebroke(break)outsosuddenly.3．Thetwotheories(theory)heputforwardfinallyprovedscientific.4．Asisknowntous，thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.5．Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonEarth.6．Itdoesn'tmattermuchwhetherTomwillcometothepartyornottonight.7．Newtonwasoneofthegreatest

physicists(physics)

intheworld

andmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.8．Unlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycarcometoworkbybus.

，Iusually9．Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.10．Thenewteackingbuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbethreetimeshiggerthanthepresentone.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.makes后加

it2．Wanderinginthecountryside

，Icouldfeelthewindgentleblowingthroughmyhair.gentle

→gently3．There

issomuchrainontheisland

thatits

annualrainfall

reachesasmanyassixtyinches.

many→much4．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

that

→where5．Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree

，puzzlingandsayingnothing.puzzling→puzzledⅠ.课文语法填空依据P25－26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theearthwasjustacloudofdust1.whosefutureisuncertainafterthe“BigBang”．Thenthedustbegantosettleintoasolidballwhichwasso2.violent(violence)andexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime3.to_produce(produce)manythings，whichmadetheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearanditallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater，smallplantsappeared.Theymultipliedand5.filled(fill)theoceansandseaswithoxygen.Land6.animals(animal)followedafterthefirstgreenplantsappeared.Thensmallcleveranimalsspreadall7.overtheearth.Humansdevelopednewmeansofgrowing，huntingandmovingaround.Astimewentbytheycoveredtheearth.Nowtoomuchcarbondioxidehasbeenputintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfrom8.escaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.As9.aresult，theproblemofglobalwarmingoccurs.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears10.to_come(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Ⅱ.写作改错双练依据提示运用本单元所学知识达成下边小作文，并更正学生习作。1．据报导今年我们这里发生火灾的次数是昨年的

3倍。(three

times

asmanyfires

as)2．上个礼拜六，光明路上的一家百货商场发生大火。

(breakout)3．路上有那么多车辆和人以致于消防人员不可以经过，消防车很难凑近现场。(getthrough；getcloseto)4．依赖他们丰富的经验，消防人员最终阻挡了火灾的蔓延。(dependon；prevent...from)5．不言而喻，我们能否能阻挡火灾取决于我们能否有安全意识。(asenseofsafety)第一步：练写作用适合的连结词将上述句子连成一篇短文。_______________