国家开放大学电大本科《环境水利学》期末试题及答案(试卷号1167)

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！国家开放大学电大本科《环境水利学》期末试题及答案（试卷号：1167）2021-20221167）盗传必究3301项正确的或最好的作为答案，将选项号填入各题的括号中。不选、错选或多选者，该题无分）．资源水利的核心是()。A.水利工程设施的建设BC轻视社会效益D(演替、消亡与再生的关键。C(。．污染物迁移速度加快．污染物沉淀速度加快．底泥的污染物释放4素中，____和——是内在因素，是外在因素。()A．自然环境和社会环境、污染物的种类B．社会环境和污染物的特性、自然环境C．自然环境和污染物的特性、社会环境．污染物的种类和社会环境、自然环境．不是水利建设对环境的正效应。()A.提高抵御自然灾害的能力影响6．水环境一般可以分为静态水环境和动态水环境一属于静态水环境。(．)．水库、湖泊．河流C．渠道中的水流．奔腾的大海7____不属于物理法。()滤法C8碱中和法、絮凝沉淀法、吸附过滤法和____。()A．机械除藻．化学除杀藻法C9作包括两大部分：一是编制评价工作大纲，二是()。．开展调查．编制C．编制进度．开展环境影响评价10.运行期环境管理的特点有系统性、____()A．连续性．区域性．管理手段多样性．时序性二、判断315“√”画“X”）11．溶解氧是反映天然水中氧的浓度指标，其值越低表明水质越好。(×)12.化学耗氧量是指1L水中还原物质（包括有机COD的测定，一般采用高锰酸钾法或重铬酸钾法。(√)13.从水体稀释、(×)14.蓄水工程对自然环境、社会环境的影响都是负面的。(×)15.运动，一类是扩散运动。(√三、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）16.在环境水利中，水和水体有何不同？答：在环境领域中，水和水Hz05贮水体中的水外，它还包括水中的悬浮物、溶质、水生生物和底泥。（5分）17.为什么说底质可以反映污染历史过程？淀过程中，必然会吸附、挟带各种污染物，因而可以从沉积物的污染状况这一侧面，判断、衡量水体的污染程度，并由此追溯水体污染的复一年的累积基本保持相对的稳定性。湖库沉积也有此特点。18．什么叫冷害？答：大型水库水深很大，造成自上而下的水温分层，夏季上层水温高、下层水温低，冬季则相反。夏季深孔泄水形成所谓“”。19.水利水电工程环境影响评价的目的与任务。答:水利水电工程环境影响评价的目的是要保证拟建工程贯彻执行“保护环境”的基本国策,认真执行“以防为主,防治结合,綜合利用”的境和社会环境造成的各种影响,提出环境对策,以保证拟建工程影响区城良好的生态环境和社会环境;同时评价结果也为领导部门决策(拟建)提供重要的科学依据。(5分)水利水电工程的环境影响评价的任务就是要查清工程所在流城的环境质量现状,针对工程特征和污染特征,对工程在自然、社会.生态环境方面可能产生的影响进行分析预测各种影响的范围、程度,预测可能发展的结果,对不利影响要提出相应的工程防止措施与环境对策;根据评价结果回(5分)15分）20.若某水库枯水期库容3X108m3,枯水期50该湖水质标准BODs浓度为3mg/L,BOD5起始浓度为15mg/L,枯水期从湖中排出流量为2X106(m3/d)污染物质自然衰减系数为0.1(1/d)BOD的环境容量。试卷代号：1162中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2)试题2021年1月第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从CD四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。1.Canyouhelpmeclearuptheme?--------------------A.TellmewhomadeitB.NotroubleatallC.Yes,that\\"llbeallrightD.Noproblem3.Isitgoingtobewarmnextweek?-------------------A.Yes,itisB.Idon\\"tbelieveitC.No,ithasn\\"tD.Itchangesallthetime5.15小题：阅读下面的句子，从D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。6.Unfortunatelythepoorgirlcan\\"tdoanythingbut-------.allherbelongingsatalowprice.A.tosellB.sellingC.sellD.sold7.Theywereaskedtoavoid_anywaterwhichhadnotbeenboiled.A.drinkingB.todrinkC.havingD.nottobedrunk8.Johnwasbored,_helefthislifeinEngland..A.inadditionB.soC.howeverD.furthermore9.Sheisverycareful.She_veryfewmistakesinherwork.A.doesB.takesC.makesD.gets10.Theworkersarebusy_modelsfortheexhibition.A.tomakeB.withmakingC.beingmakingD.making11.---------youchangeyourmind,Iwon\\"tbeabletohelpyou.A.WhenB.UnleC.WhileD.So12.Wearegoingtohaveouroffice_tomakeroomforanewengineer.A.torearrangeB.rearrangeC.rearrangedD.rearranging13.Sincethisroadiswetandslipperythismorning,it_---------lastnight.A.mustrajnB.wasrainingC.mayberainingD.musthaverained14.DoyouthinkTommyis---------thetruth?A.sayingB.tellingC.speakingD.talking15.Johnfellasleep_hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.assoonas第三部分完形填空（每题2分，共20分）16carrotscanbemadetotasteofchocolateandapplescanbemade18.Somefoodthatappearsthesamehasbeen19improved,forexample,fishcanbemadetogrowfaster.Shouldwe\\"bepleasedorworried?Willnewtechnologybringbenefits,orisitabouttog020control?Geneticallyengineeredfoodsareproducedbytakinggeneticmaterialfromonespeciesandtransferringit21another.Forexample,an6antifreeze\\"genewhichappearsnaturallyinArcticfishhasbeenintroducedintotomatoesandstrawberries22theydon\\"tfreezeincoldweather;ahumangenehasbeenintroducedintopigstomakethem23morequickly.Someclaimgreatadvantages.Theypointoutthatcropscanbemadestrongerandmorediseaseresistant,_24_pesticidescanbereduced.Theyalsomaintainthatfoodcanbemademorenutritiousorthatthefatcontentcan25tomakeithealthier.16.A.areB.wereC.isD.be17.A.suchthatB.suchasC.sothatD.soas18.A.moreredB.muchredC.redderD.reder19.A.scientificallyB.scienceC.scientificD.scientifical20.A.underB.intoC.outD.outof21.A.forB.toC.outD.into22.A.suchthatB.inordertoC.sothatD.soasto23.A.growB.togrowC.growingD.grown24.A.becauseB.causeC.resultD.so25.A.bereducingB.bereducedC.reducedD.reducing第四部分计30分，每小题2分）26Igueyoucanputupwithamattreonthefloor!26.Thispaageisaletterof.A.aninformalinvitationB.aformalinvitationC.thanksD.complaint27.WhenCharleswrites,"I\\"msorryaboutthelackofwarning",hemeansthatheissorrythat_.A:hedidnotgiveBobawarningwhenBobwasunceindangerB.heisshortofmoney,soheisnotabletohelpBobC.heshouldhavegivenBobawarningwhenheisindifficultyD.heisnotabletowritethislettertoBobearlier28.Charlesandhiswifedecidedtoholdthehouse-warmingparty9mainlybecauseA.theydecidedtohavearestafterbeingbusymovingtothenewhouseB.theystillhadalittlemoneylefttoaffordthepartyC.thenewmotorwaywasopenD.theywantedtomeettheirfriendsverymuch29.FromtheletterweknowthatthenewhousethatCharlesmovedinisB.twohoursawayfromdowntownA.verybigxC.inanewhousingestateD.easytofindinthemap30.Inthesentence"Barbaraandlhopethatyoucanmakeit...",thephrase"makeit"isusedtosaythatBobcanA.managetoattendtheirpartyB.findtheirnewhouseintwohoursC.dothetripfromBedfordtoFlindersD.putupwithamattreonthefloor短文理解2Cashofallkinds,theFrenchfranc,theGermanmark,andtheItalianlira,isboundtodisappearphysically.Thepapernotesandgoldcoinsmaysoonbecomecuriouscollectionsofthepre-electronicage.Digitalmoneycanreplaceeveryuseofcashmoney.Itistruethatelectronicmoneyhasbeenaroundfordecades.EachweekbillionsofinstitutionaldollarsflowthroughtheInterbankPaymentSystemthroughtelephonewiresandsatellitelinks.Butinthe21stcentury,entirelynewformsofdigitalmoneywillbecomethemeansofmostpersonalfinancialtrade.Whatagreatchangethiswillbe!Digitalcreditcards,smartcards,electronicwalletsandelectroniccheckswillchangeourwayoflifeinthe21stcentury.Theyareefficientandeasytouse.Customerswillnottakemoneywiththemwhentheygoshopping.Theywillpaytheir\\"billsfromasmartcellphoneortheywillbuytheircoffeebyusingadigitalcreditcard.Howconvenientitwillbe!Andhoweasilypeoplewilldotheirshoppinginsuchaway!Withsomanychangesthesedays,theInternetwillhelpspeeduptheendofcash.InEurope,somebankshavebeenofferingpeopleelectroniccashsincelatelastyear.Customerscanwithdrawmoneyfromtheiraccountsthroughthebank\\"swebsiteandstoretheirincomesontheirhomePCs.Astheelectroniccashisdownloaded,thecustomers\\"bankaccountsarerecorded.SincecustomerscanuseelectroniccashtobuythingsontheInternet,electroniccashwilltransformtheInternetintoaglobalmarketplaceforeverything.Itisgoingtohaveaverybigimpactonourlives.Thelowcostofcomputerandcommunicationshascreatedaworldwidemediumnotjustforfinance,butalsoformanyotherthingsinourlife.TheAgeofInternethasbroughte-busineestoourlife,whichperhapswillformthebackboneofoureconomy.MomandPopcangoglobal40小题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确(T)、错误(F),还是文字中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。阅读理解3*****NS:FACTFILEThereareover80speciesofwhales,dolphinsandporpoises,knowncollectivelyas"cetaceans",throughouttheworld.Theycomeinallshapesandsizes.Herearesomefactsandfiguresabouttheseincredibleanimals.1.LargestThebluewhaleistheheaviestandJongestanimalonEarth.Theaverageadultlengthis25mformalesand26.2mforfemales,withbodyweightsof90-120tonnes.2.SmallestHector\\"sdolphinistheworld\\"sshortestcetacean.Theymaybeonlyl.2mlongwhenfullygrown.3.LargestAppetiteAbluewhaleeatsupt04tonnesofkrilldaily.ThisisequivalenttoeatingafullygrownAfricanelephanteveryday.4.DeepestDiveThespermwhaleisbelievedtodivedeeperthananyothercetacean.Theyhavebeenknowntodiveasdeepas2000m.5.LongestLivedOnebowheadwhaleisreportedtohavebeen130yearsoldwhenitdied.6.HeaviestBrainThespermwhalehastheworld\\"sheaviestbrainwhichcanweighupt09.2kg.Thiscompareswiththeaveragel.4kgforthebrainofanadulthuman.7.MostEndangeredThebaijidolphin,orChineseriverdolphin,istherarestdolphinintheworldandisreportedtobeendangered.ItlivesintheYangtzeRiverinChina.ConservationmeasuresarebeingtakenbytheChinesetosaveit..Questions36-40:36.Hector\\"sdolphinisthesmallestfishintheworld.37.BluewhaleseatasmuchasanAfricanelephantdoeseveryday.38.Somewhalescanliveforaslongas130years.39.Whalesareclevererthanhumans.40.Thebrainofaspermwhalecanbeover6timesheavierthanahumanone.第五部分书面表达（20分）Directions:For