化学化工专业英语元素和化合物命名

化学化工专业英语元素和化合物命名第1页/共34页InorganiccompoundsOxide:

CO(Carbonmonoxide)

NO

(Nitrogenoxide)NO2(Nitrogendioxide)

N2O3

(Nitrogentrioxide)N2O5

(pentoxide)

N2O(nitrousoxide)

Fe2O3

(Ferricoxide),FeO(Ferrousoxide);

MnO(Manganousoxide)Mn2O3(Manganicoxide),{H2MnO4(Manganicacid)}MnO2(Manganesedioxide),

第2页/共34页Halide:NH4Cl(AmmoniumChloride),CaF2(Calciumfluoride),

NaBr(Potassiumbromide),

KI(PotassiumIodide)

PCl3

(Phosphorustrichloride)

TheNameofCation+Halide第3页/共34页HCl

—(Hydrochloricacid);HF

—

(Hydrofluoricacid);H2S

—

(Hydrosulfuricacid);Acid:HCN

—

(Hydroacid)HBr

—(Hydroacid)（一）Non-oxygenacidHydro_______+acidExercise:第4页/共34页（二）Acidcontaining-oxygenH2SO4

（+6）Sulfuricacid(正)H2SO3

（+4）sulfurousacid;(亚)H2SO5Peroxysulfuric,（过）H2SO7

（+6）Pyrosulfuric,acid)(焦)H2S2O3

(Thiosulfuricacid）

e.g.Na2S2O3（硫代）-H2O-O-O--OS→O第5页/共34页HPO3

（偏）

(Metaphosphoric,)H3PO4(正)(Phosphoric,)H3PO3

（亚）(Phosphorous,)H3PO2

(次)(Hypo-phosphorous,)H4P2O7(焦)(Pyrophosphoric,)分子间-H2O分子内-H2O-O-O+5+3+1

HNO3

(Nitricacid,+5);HNO2(Nitrousacid,+3)-O第6页/共34页H3BO3(Orthoboric,)(原);HClO

(Hypochlorousacid)(次)HClO3(Chloricacid)(正)HClO4(Perchloricacid)(高)KMnO4(Potassium_____manganate)HClO2(Chlorousacid)(亚)-O-O-O+5+7+3+1第7页/共34页Alkali:

Ba(OH)2

—

Bariumhydroxide

Al(OH)3

—

Aluminumhydroxide

NaOH

—SodiumhydroxideTheNameofCation+hydroxideExercise:1)NH4OH;2)Fe(OH)2;3)Fe(OH)3第8页/共34页Salt:NaCl

—Sodiumchloride;KBr

—Potassiumbromide;CaF2—CalciumfluorideZnS

—ZincsulfideNaCN

—SodiumcyanideCa2C—CalciumcarbideKI—

？第9页/共34页MgSO4

—Magnesiumsulfate;

Na2SO3

—Sodiumsulfite;

(NH4)2SO5

—ammoniumperoxysulfate;KNO3(Potassiumnitrate);NaNO2(Sodiumnitrite);Na3PO4(Sodiumphosphate);

K3PO3(Potassium

phosphite);Na2HPO4(Sodiumhydrogenphosphate);

NaH2PO4

(Sodiumbiphosphate);NaHCO3(Sodiumbicarbonate);

NaHSO3(Sodiumbisulfite);第10页/共34页Organiccompounds1.Hydrocarbona)SaturatedMethane

(C1);Ethane(C2);Propane(C3);Butane(C4);

Pentane(C5);Hexane(C6);Heptane(C7);Octane(C8);

Nonane(C9);Decane(C10);Undecane(C11);Dodecane(C12);

Tri+decane(C13);Tetra+decane(C14)……..Nona+decane(C19)CH4(Methane)-CH3(Methyl)C2H6(Ethane)-C2H5(Ethyl)第11页/共34页-C=C-C（Propenyl←

propene);C=C-C-(allyl);-C≡C(Ethynyl←

Ethyne);C=C-(Vinyl)b)Unsaturated

第12页/共34页2,4,5-trimethylheptane2,2-dimethylpropane4-methyl,5-isopropyloctane

or4-methyl,5-(2-methylethyl)octane第13页/共34页c)Aromatic

Cyclo-Octadecanecyclohexanecyclopenta-1,3-diene第14页/共34页第15页/共34页2.HalogenatedHydrocarbon第16页/共34页3.HydrocarbonContainingO*Asasubstitutedgroup,itiscalled“hydroxy”

e.g.Hydroxy-cellulose;7-hydroxy-choleterola)b)第17页/共34页*Asasubstitutedgroup,itiscalled“alkoxy

”c)第18页/共34页d)第19页/共34页e)Carboxylicacid第20页/共34页第21页/共34页f)

Carboxylicacidderivative第22页/共34页第23页/共34页第24页/共34页4.HydrocarbonConta