非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

非谓语动词解说之青柳念文创作非谓语动词:a.概括：1.谓语动词：在句子中担当谓语的动词非谓语动词：是动词的特别形式,在句中能够作除谓语外的全部成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子中间，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）还有别的动词出现时.

,又没有连词的状况下

,Shegotoffthebus,Shegotoffthebus,

leavingbutleft

herhandbagonherseat.herhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和主动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形组成.不定式的形式有五种：1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.2.停止式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.3.达成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.4.主动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.5.达成主动式tohavebeendoneTheboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.疑问词+动词不定式What,who,which,where,when,how,why

等疑问词组成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分.二.动词不定式的用法(1)不定式做主语时，能够直接放在谓语动词以前.Toseeistobelieve

．Nottogetthereintime

isyourfault.(2)注：经常使用

it

做形式主语，将

todo

位于以后，使句子坚持平衡.句型1：It+谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.句型2：It’s+n.(+forsb)+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.句型3：的）

Itis+adj

（+forsb

）

todosth

（是形容事物的性质Itis+adjItiseasyItisverykindIt'simpolite

（+ofsb）todosth（是形容人的质量的formetofinishthisworkbeforeten.ofyoutogivemesomehelp.ofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

）疑问词+不定式作主语Whentostartremainsundecided.1.Itiseasytogettherebybusortaxi.Ittakesabout3hourstoseeallthebirds.Itisalsoimpolitetospeakwithyourmouthfullwhenyouareeating.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.Itisusefulforourhealthtodomorningexercises.接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere稀有动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等Theywanttoget_(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_it__better__to_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_it__betternot_to_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.疑问词+不定式作宾语经常放在这些动词的后边作宾语：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainHetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.(4)作介词but,except,besides的宾语.Can’tchoosebutdoWouldyouliketogotoThailand?(wouldliketodosth.)Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.3.Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.Doyouknowhowtoplayfootball?Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.Herearesomeideasabouthowtofindcheap,funthingstodowithyourfamilyonweekends.Manypeopleliketogotoarestaurant.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.Everyonewantstohaveahappyweekend.ShehopeI’lladviseherwhichtochoose.1.I’llgetsomeone_to__repairtherecorderforyou.2.Whatcausedhim_to__changehismind?v.+sb.+todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三使），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉to，但变为主动语态后，一定带to.

)

等后边的补足语中，不定式不带v.+sb.+doLet

’sgotoThailand

rightnow.

（letsb.dosth.

）Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.(seesb.dosth.)Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.Heisoftenheardtosing(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry(cry).Todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhisdeskmate.(makesb.dosth.)(2)help后边作宾语补足语的不定式能够带to,也能够不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.[helpsb.(to)dosth.]Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.比较：Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.Practice:Nooneletsyousitintheoffice.Iwantyoutoknowsomerules.Iheardhersingtoday.Shesangwonderful.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.Doyoufeelthehouseshake?6.Thebossmadetheworkersworkfor12hoursaday.Weweremadetomaketensentenceswiththesewords.I’mwaitingforTomtogivetheanswer.Wouldyoulikehersingasongforus?Didanyonenoticeastrangemancomeintothebank?IV．作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.不定式用来讲明所修饰词的内容IhavenoHemadeaThereisno

misetobeagoodboy.needtobuildadamonthesmallriver.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Practice:Eachmembercanchooseafilmfortheeveningtowatchtogether.Hesatdownatatableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.3.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.Shehasachildtotakecareof.Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.Itisalreadytimetobeginourclass.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.10.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.V.作状语不定式作状语能够示意目标、原由、成就.Icameheretoseeyou．(目标)Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．（原由）Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（成就）(1)作目标状语示意谓语动作的目标，其逻辑主语往常是句子的主语

.重申换词不定式所示意的目标时，动词不定式可用inorderto+V.(原形)soasto+V.(原形)但soasto不用于句首.Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanceddiettosatisfy(satisfy)theirnutritionalneeds.

.作成就状语不定式作成就状语时，多示意预料之外的成就，其逻辑主语往常是句子的主语.作成就状语的不定式往经常使用一般式，为了示意重申可在不定式前加上only.Irushedtothestation,

only

tofindthetrainhadalreadygone.Wecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy

.不定式作成就状语时，经常使用于enoughto,tooto,onlyto

soasto等布局中

,such.如：

asto

,Shewassolatetomisshalfofthelecture.Sheissuchagoodteacherastoberepectedbyallherstudents.Thehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeople.Thehatistoolargetowear.Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.作原由状语.不定式与感情类形容词连用时，大多示意原由，用来作原由状语.这种形容词主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,dissapointed等.Theyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.ShewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromotedPractice:

.’mgladtoshowyouaroundthezooonsuchabeautifulday.2.Whenpeoplearetootiredtocookafterwork,theyoftengeta“takeaway”.3.Tartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.4.Onedayhewenttoacafeteriatohavelunch.5.Iamtootiredtothinkofanythingnow.6.Iworkhardtopasstheexam.7.Youcouldn’tdothattosaveyourlife.8.Theteaistoohottodrink.9.Englishistoodifficultformetolearn.10.Thisquestionistoohardformetoanswer.Ⅵ.作表语动词不定式常常放在联系动词be的后边作表语.（1）常说明主语的内容、性质、特点Mywishistobecomeateacher.Yourjobtodayistocleantheplayground.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltoyourself.Mysuggestionistoputoffthemeeting.（2）动词不定式作表语，示意未来Theyaretomarrynextweek.Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore10疑问词+不定式作表语Thequestioniswheretogetthemedicine.Thedifficultyishowtodothemostofworkwiththeleastofmoney.PracticeHisdreamistobeadoctor.ThenextstepistoturnontheTV.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.Nowmytaskistofinishthecomposition.Thequestionwashowtodothejobwell.不定式的主动形式示意主动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动词不定式综合演练1.IwanttogiveupthisjobbutIhavetosupportmyfamily.ItwillbedifficulttolivelikethisaftertheytakebackthehousenextJuly.Ittookme3daystolearntheEnglishsong.Thepassagetellsyouwhattodointhefirstfewminutes.Everyoneshouldknowhowtocallforhelpintheirarea.Theteachersalsohelpthemtodothesethings.Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.Whichofthemwouldyoumostliketovisit?9.Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.Theearthisbetterplacetoliveon,butscientistsaretryingtomakethebestuseofthemoon.11.Thebirthdaychildwearsnewclothestomarkthespecialtime.12.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.Somethingisstilltofindout.Howtomakerequestspolitelyisimportant.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouaretosucceed.18.Itwasnecessaryforhertotalkwithhismother.Asyoungadults,itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwitheachchallenge.I'dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Hewasfoundtostealintheshop.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGamesThemandownstairsfounditdifficulttofallasleep.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.WewanttoseeLiuYuachievehisdreams.Didyoufindithardtosolvetheproblem?动词的ing形式（v-ing/doing）一.动词的ing的基本组成主动语态主动语态一般式doingbeingdone达成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit..v-ing的功用v-ing相当于adj.adv.n.的功能，因此，在句中能够作：主语，宾语，定语，状语，表语，宾语补足语作主语Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.Helpingherismyduty.Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.与动词不定式作主语的差别.(1)V-ing形式作主语，示意一般性、经常性的动作.示意一次性的动作多用不准时.Walking/Towalkisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.Towalkthere/Walkingthereisimpossible.不定式作主语经常使用it作形式主语，v-ing作主语常位于句首.只有某些习习用语如nouse,nogood作表语用时，才用it作其余形式主语.Itisnogood/usedoingsth.Itisawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.Itisgreatfundoingsth.ItisnousewatchingtoomuchTV.Itisnogoodtalkingtohim,becauseheneverlistens.(3)句子主语假如不定式，主语也用不定式；句子表语假如v-ing，主语也用v-ing.Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.2.作表语,表抽象的，一般的行为，表主语的特点、性质和内容.Itsoundsinteresting.Thebookseemsboring.Myjobislookingafterchildren.作宾语,既能够作动词的宾语，也能够作介词的宾语.Shesattherewithoutspeaking.以下动词或短语只v-ing形式作宾语：admit(认可),avoid（防备，闪避）,appreciate(感谢),consider（考虑）,enjoy（享受，喜爱）,escape（逃走）,finish（达成）,keepdoing（向来做）,mind（介意）,suggest（建议）,delay（耽搁）,deny（否定）,excuse（谅解）,practice（演练）,resist（服从）等动词.Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.DoyoumindbuyingadictionaryformeontheInternet?Thelittleboyadmittedtakingawaythemoneyinthedrawer.Shekeptwavingtoherhusbanduntilhewasoutofsight.②can’thelp（忍不住）,giveup（放弃）,feellike（想要）,keepon（持续）,thinkof（考虑）,setabout（着手，初步做）,dreamof（梦见，胡想），havedifficulty/trouble(in)（做有坚苦）,bebusy(in)(忙于),putoff（推延）等短语.Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelplaughing.Idon’tfeellikegoingtoseethefilm.Hewasbusy(in)preparinghislessons.Hekeptonworkinguntilmidnightthoughhewastied.③在以下短语中，to是介词，后边应用v-ing作宾语.be/getusedto,lookforwardto,devoteto,payattentionto,objectto,getdownto等.Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.Areyouusedtolivingtherealone?④以下动词或短语，既能够跟v-ing作宾语，也能够跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有差别.示意经常性的行为后接v-ing；love,like,prefer,hate示意详尽的行为经常使用动词不定式.Ilikeswimming’tliketoswimthisafternoon.,butIdon但要注意，假如like,love,prefer前有would，后边择接动词不定式.Wouldyou

like

togoshoppingwithme

?Whatwould

youprefer

toeat

tonight?⑤下边几组词接v-ing作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义分歧.doingsth.忘掉已做过某事.forgettodosth.

忘掉要做某事remembertodosth.doingsth.

记得要做某事懊悔做过某事regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事doingsth.意味着meantodosth.打当作某事doingsthcan’thelp

忍不住做某事(to)dosth.

不克不及辅助做某事todosth.全力做某事doingsth试着做某事stopdoingsth停下正在做的事情todosth.持续做本来的事情goondoingsth.持续做正在做的事⑥动词need,require,want作“需要”讲时，以及

beworth

后来用v-ing的主动形式示意主动意义.Yourcoatwantswashing.=Yourcoatwantstobewashed.Themethodneedsimproving.Thispairofshoesrequiresmending.Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing4．作宾语补足语，赔偿说明主语的性质或状态

.常跟动词的

-ing

作补语的动词有：①示意感觉和心理状态的动词.稀有的有see，watch，hear，feel，smell

，find

，notice

，observe

，catch

等等.Icouldfeelmyheart

beatingfast.②使役动词.稀有的有Theyhadthelight

have，set，keep，get,leaveburningallnight.

等.5.作定语.Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?作状语,它作状语时，往常都示意主语正在停止的此外一动作，用来对谓语动词示意的动作加以修饰或作为衬托.它能够示意时间、成果、条件、退步、方式或陪伴动作，相当于相应的状语从句.①示意时间.Hearingthenews,

theyalljumpedwithjoy.Seeingitsmother

,thebabysmiled.当重申与谓语动词同时发生时，在

v-ing

前能够用连词

when或

while.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet

.②示意原由.Beingill,hewenthome.③示意条件.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.④示意成就.Thesnowlastedaweek,leadingtoaserioustrafficjaminthewholearea.⑤示意陪伴，v-ing形式示意的动作和谓语动词所示意的动作同时发生.它没有相应的状语从句取代.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Theywalkedonthewayhome,singingandlaughing.三．v-ing的复合布局v-ing前能够加一个物主代词或名词全部格来示意这个v-ing的逻辑上的主语，组成v-ing的复合布局或v-ing短语.1.v-ing复合布局作主语时一般用名词全部格或形容词性的物主代词.Nixon’svisitingChina

Chinadiplomaticrelations.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.2.在白话和非正式语体中，只需不是作主语，v-ing复合布局中的逻辑主语常采纳名词通格或人称代词宾格.Thedoctordoesnotmind

me/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.DoyoumindI’mafraidofPractice

Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?thetentfallingdown.1.Playingbasketballisveryinteresting..2.Helikesplayingbasketball.3.Thegirlsinourclassaren’tinterestedinplayingfootball.4.Myhobbyisplayingbasketball.5.Theboyplayingbasketballontheplaygroundisourmonitor.6.IsawhimplayingbasketballwhenIpassedtheplayground.7.Afterhavingplayedbasketball,hefelttired.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Manypeoplecometotheparks,lookingforrelaxationsandentertainment.Headmittedhavingdonewrong.Theroomwantscleaning.Hisnotgettingtothestationontimemadeallofusworried.Theproblemneedsworkingout.Thestudents’knowingEnglishwellwillhelpthemtolearnFrench.DoyourememberJohnandhisfathercomingtoseeuslastChristmas?Besides,smokingdoesharmtobrainsanditcaninfluencestudies.Wedon’tneedtogofartofindaninterestingsite.Insteadoftravelingtofamoussitesontheothersideofthecountry,wecanfindoutmoreaboutourownlocalhistoricalflavor.Irememberedsettingupatentandsleepingoutsidewithmyfamilies.Learningaboutcomputerscanbelikelearninghowtorideabikeordriveacar.Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.Heforgotbuyingthebookseveraldaysago.Asaresult,heboughtanotheroneyesterday.YoucantrywritingsomecompositionsinEnglish.Theteacheraskedthestudentsintheclasstostoptalking.Thelittleboycouldn’thelpcryingafterhistoyshadbeentakenaway.Thescientistbeganhiscareerin1975byworkingonariceresearchprojectinhishomecountry.Themoviewasdefinitelyworthseeing.Themechanicwentoncheckingthemachineinthefactoryaftertheleader’scoming.Mr.Hucameintheclassroom,carryingahandbaginhisrighthand.Themanagerfoundtheclerkplayingcomputergamesatwork.过去分词过去分词相当于adj.和adv.的功能，因此，它能够作定语，状语，宾语补足语和表语.过去分词的用法，一是表达成，二是表主动.规则动词的过去分词以-ed开头组成，不规则动词的过去分词更改见不规则动词表.1．作定语：过去分词作定语，假如是单个的词，常置于其所修饰的名词以前.假如是过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词以后abrokencup一只打破的杯子(主动)spokenEnglish白话（主动）aretiredworker退休的工人(达成)badly-builthousenewly-arrivedvisitors新来的赏析者(达成)well-behavedchildren表示好的孩子（达成）注意：过去分词作定语与v-ing形式，动词不定式作定语的差别therisensun已升起的太阳（达成）therisingsun正在上涨的太阳（停止）thefallenleaves落在地上的叶子（达成）thefallingleaves正在飘落的叶子（停止）HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun？Haveyouseenthepersonwritingthebook?Ihaveanimportantlettertowrite.Thebridge,builtin1950,brokedownyesterday.Theworkershavingbuiltthebridgehavelefthere.Theworkerstobuildthebridgearefrommountainousareas.

.

.2．作表语Thecupisbroken.(表主动，达成)Heisretired.(达成)注意过去分词作表语与主动语态的差别.Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(主动语态，示意动作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(过去分词作表语)注意过去分词作表语与v-ing形式作表语的差别.interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等往经常使用其过去分词来修饰人，用v-ing形式来修饰物.ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3．作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾补，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要注意与动词不定式、v-ing形式作宾补的差别.能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词:(1)示意感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等.IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Iheardhersingingthesongintheclassroom.Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.Wefoundhimlyingontheground.示意“使，以致”意义的词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.I’llHegotDon’t

havemyhaircuttomorrow.histoothpulledoutyesterday.leavethosethingsundone.4．作状语,表主动，达成的动作，和句子主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.注意：与动词不定式、v-ing形式作状语的差别.Seenfromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)with+复合宾语布局（1）with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.（2）with+名词/代词+副词Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.（3）with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.（4）with+名词/代词+v-ingShefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.（5）with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.6）with+名词/代词+-en分词PracticeThissupermarketisnowclosed.Theletterpostedtodaywillreachhimtomorrow.Themachineproducedlastyearareveryexpensive.