高考英语一轮复习提能练三十二Unit2Robots含解析

PAGEPAGE7Unit2RobotsⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·河北省高三年级名校联考)Inelementaryschool，GlennCameronwasveryawareofthechallengesfacedbyhisfriend，Roger，whohadlostahand.Nowhehasbuiltanartificialhelperforhim.Therobotichandiscalled“Dexi”．Eachofitsfingerscanmoveindependently.Thestrengthandspeedofthehand's“muscles”canbecontrolled.He'salsocreatedadigitalversionofthishand，whichrespondsonacomputerscreen.Throughaspecialheadset，thesystemtakeselectricalsignalsfromahumanbrain，sendsthemtoacomputer，andthenthecomputer“tells”thehandwhattodo.Forexample，tomakethehandclose，you“see”afistinyourhead.Infact，Cameron'sfirstrobotichandwas3Dprintedonline.Realizingthehandwastoolimited，hedecidedtobuildhisown.Itwasquiteachallenge，buthisnewversionwasbetter.Itwasalsocheap，comparedtomanyotherrobotichandprojects.Cameronsaysdesigningandbuildingthehandwashard，buthewenton.ThencametheoneRogerisusing.Cameronisworkingonahandthatcanactuallybeusedbyapersonwho'slostahandatpresent.Hesaysthenewhandwillbesimpler，becausetherewon'tbeasmuchspace.Tomakeupforthis，he'saddingaminicameraandtryingtomakethehandsmarter.Cameronencouragesyoungpeoplewhothinktheymightwanttodosomethingdemandingandsimilar，“Youjustbeginworkingtowardsit.Takeonelittlestepatatime，purposefulandsteadfast，soonerorlateryou'regoingtogettotheplaceyoulongfor.”语篇解读在小学的时候，GlennCameron看到朋友缺少一只手，内心很受触动，他现在已经制造出了可以由人脑控制的机械手来帮助朋友。1．WhichversionoftheartificialhanddoesDexibelongto?A．Thefirst. B．Thesecond.C．Thethird. D．Thefourth.C[考查推理判断。Dexi出现在第二段，但本题要结合上下文内容来推理才能得到答案。根据第一段的尾句和第二段的开头可知，Dexi是Roger现在使用的机械手版本。第三段谈到Cameron制作的第一个机械手是3D打印出来的，但他不满意。于是，他花费时间制造了第二个版本的机械手，这个版本比第一个要好。但他继续研发，于是便有了第三代机械手——Roger现在使用的Dexi。]2．HowcouldauserofthedigitalversionofDexicontroltherobotichand?A．Byoperatingthecomputer.B．Bythinking.C．Bysendingelectricalsignalstothehand.D．Byspeaking.B[考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Throughaspecialheadset...Forexample，tomakethehandclose，you‘see’afistinyourhead”可知，Dexi的数字版本通过特殊的头部装置，收集大脑发出的电子信号并发送给电脑，电脑“告诉”机械手要做什么。比如，为了把手握起来，你可以在你的脑海中“看到”一个拳头。由此可推知，这个版本的机械手的使用者可以通过“想”来操作机械手。]3．WhichsayingdoCameron'swordsconvey?A．Wellbegunishalfdone.B．Thelongestjourneybeginswiththefirststep.C．Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D[考查推理判断。最后一段谈到Cameron鼓励那些想做类似的费力的事情的年轻人：只要开始朝着它努力，一步一个脚印，坚定信念，迟早你会到达想去的地方，即实现目标。D项“Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart”“有志者，事竟成”与他的话所表达的意思一致。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Cameron'sbraincontrolledrobotichands.B．Cameron'sstoryofsuccess.C．Thelatestdesignsofartificialintelligencehands.D．Arobotichelperforthedisabled.A[考查主旨大意。全文主要谈了Cameron为帮助失去手的人设计和制造的机械手，故选A项。]B(2021·武汉市部分学校质量检测)Neverplaygameswithabot(robot)—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI，anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco，hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghide­and­seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpwin.BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam­baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模拟的)environmentfilledwithfixedwalls，movableboxesandladders，andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide­and­seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn'tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.Atfirst，thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickestwaytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemtoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateam­player—passingobjectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout—wasthequickestwaytowin.Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall，theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss，saysBaker.“Maybethey'llevenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon'tyetknowhowto.”However，itisalargeleap(跳跃)fromvirtualhide­and­seektorealproblem­solving.“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation，”saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。5．WhydidBowenandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?A．Toteachbotstoplaygames.B．Totrainbotstousebasictools.C．Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.D．Toseethepotentialofbots'cooperation.D[考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，OpenAI的BowenBaker和他的同事们想看看OpenAIFive的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。]6．What'sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thetoolsoftheresearch.B．Thedesignoftheresearch.C．Thecompetitorsofthegame.D．Theenvironmentofthegame.B[考查主旨要义。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏；且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Passingobjects.B．Movingboxesaround.C．Makinguseoffaults.D．Hidingthemselvesfromview.C[考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合尾段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。]8．WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?A．ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.B．Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.C．Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem­solving.D．Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.D[考查推断判断。根据尾段尾句中ChelseaFinn所说的话“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation”可知，ChelseaFinn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，ChelseaFinn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。]Ⅱ.七选五(2020·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测)Telecommuting(alsoknownasworkingfromhome)isaworkarrangementinwhichtheemployeeworksoutsidetheoffice，oftenworkingfromhomeoralocationclosetohome.__1__Doctorsandcountlessotherhealthcareworkersoftheworldwillalwaysneedtohavehands­onexperienceswithpatients，justas：

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Scientistsneedtobeinlabs.Theexistenceoftelecommutingmusthaveitsbenefitsandappropriatepopulation.Morefreedom.Telecommutingallowsaworkergreaterfreedomregardingherorhisworkhoursandworklocation.Itgivestheemployeemoreflexibilitytobalanceworkandpersonalobligations(义务).Productivity.Workingfromhomecanmakeyoumoreproductive，becauseyoudonothavethedistractions(分散注意力的事)ofofficespace.__3__Sometimesyoumightbeeasilydistractedbyhomeappliancessuchaswashingmachines，oryouactuallyneedsupervision(监管)fromyourbosstoconcentrateonyourwork.Employees'welfare.Allowingworkerstotelecommuteoftenmakesthemmoreproductive.__4__Telecommutersarealsolikelytobehappierintheirjobsandarethereforemorelikelytostaywiththecompany.Telecommutingevensavescompaniesmoneyinofficeexpenses，suchasrentandstationery(文具).__5__Somepeoplealsofindworkingfromhometobeabitisolating(隔离的)，becausetheyarenotaroundtheirco­workers.Thosewhoenjoyteamworkmaylosetheiropportunitytobondwithcolleaguesbyteleconferencingalone.Youshouldcomeupwithastrategicplanifyouwanttoaskyouremployerifyoucantelecommute.A．Mentalhealthissues.B．Cooperationwithworkers.C．Thatcanbenefitthecompany.D．Ofcourse，thisisnotnecessarilytrue.E．Youneedtofindanappropriateplacetodowork.F．Constructionworkersneedtobeonbuildingsites.G．However，manyjobsarenotsuitedtoremotework.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了远程办公的定义和好处。1．G[本空是一个过渡句。根据上文中的“theemployeeworksoutsidetheoffice，oftenworkingfromhomeoralocationclosetohome”和下文中的“needtohavehands­onexperienceswithpatients”可知，本空承上启下，讲的应该是远程办公并不适合所有的工种，故G项符合语境。]2．F[根据“otherhealthcareworkersoftheworldwillalwaysneedtohavehands­onexperienceswithpatients，justas”可知，本空讲的应该也是需要现场办公的工种。另外，结合并列位置上的“Scientistsneedtobeinlabs”可以判断，F项符合语境。]3．D[本空是一个过渡句。根据上一句中的“youdonothavethedistractions(分散注意力的事)ofofficespace”和下一句中的“Sometimesyoumightbeeasilydistractedbyhomeappliances”可知，本空承上启下，故D项符合语境。]4．C[本空是一个过渡句。结合下一句中的“Telecommutersarealsolikelytobehappierintheirjobs”可知，空处讲的应该是这样做的一种好处，故C项符合语境。]5．B[本空是一个小标题。结合并列位置上小标题的特点可知，本空应该是一个名词词组，故A、B选项符合要求。再根据本部分中的“Thosewhoenjoyteamworkmaylosetheiropportunitytobondwithcolleagues”可知，本段主要讲的是合作，故B项符合语境。]Ⅲ.书面表达假