-新教材高中英语UNIT6SurvivalSectionⅡUsinglanguage课后练习含解析外研版选择性必修第二册

PAGEPAGE7UsinglanguageⅠ.阅读理解AInthepast50years,theamountofwaterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneupmorethanfourfold.Incoastalwaterbodies，includingrivermouthsandseas,low­oxygensiteshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldsince1950.ScientistsexpectoxygentocontinuedroppingevenoutsidethesezonesasEarthwarms.“Oxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheoceans，”saidDeniseBreitburg,amarineecologistwiththeSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentre.“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth'senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.Thereverberations(严重影响)ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones”，likethoseinChesapeakeBayandtheGulfofMexico,oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey'reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.Buttheproblemgoesfarbeyond“deadzones”.Evensmalleroxygendeclinecanpreventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproductionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.Itcanalsocausethereleaseofdangerouschemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenhousegasupto300timesmorepowerfulthancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimalscanboomin“deadzones”，overallbiodiversityfalls.Climatechangeisthekeycriminalintheopenocean.Warmingsurfacewatersmakeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinsideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdslessoxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnutrientpollutionfromlandcreatesalgalblooms,whichuseupoxygenastheydieandbreakdown.People'slivelihoodsarealsoontheline,thescientistsreported,especiallyindevelopingnations.Smallerfisheries(渔场)maybeunabletorelocatewhenlowoxygendestroystheirharvestsorforcesfishtomoveelsewhere.Sowehumanshavetocarryonawarnowandwinthewar.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类活动导致全球变暖，气候变化使海洋中的氧气含量下降影响海洋生物的生存，这些相应地会影响人类的生存，人类必须采取措施应对此问题。1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxygen.B．Theamountofseawaterisincreasing.C．Thecoastalwaterbodiesaredangerous.D．Earthbecomeswarmerandwarmer.解析：选A段落大意题。通读第一段可知海洋面临的现状，在过去的50年里，海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多，低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十倍多。通过这些现状科学家预计，随着地球变暖，即使在这些区域之外，氧气含量也会继续下降，故选A。2．WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg'swords?A．Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.B．Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.C．Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.D．Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblem.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段DeniseBreitburg所说的话可知，海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一，这种不良的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大，由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响，故选B。3．Howdoesthe“deadzone”affectseaanimals?A．Itoffersmorefood.B．Itformsdangerousgas.C．Itreducestheirlivingareas.D．Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones”...oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey'reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.可知，在“死亡地带”，氧气大幅下跌，许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时，它们的栖息地变小，更容易被攻击或捕获，故选C。4．Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?A．Byclosingsmallerfisheries.B．Bycontrollinghumans'badactivities.C．Byimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.D．Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth'senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.可知，是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少，所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动，故选B。BAnewstudy,publishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiology,trackednearly20,000markedfishinSonomaCountystreamsfrom2011to2017.TheRussianRiverwatershed(分水岭)ishometoahighlyendangeredpopulationofcohosalmon(银鲑鱼),whichnearlycollapsedintheearly2000's,buthasbeenrecoveringsincethenthroughaconservationprogram.“Wecouldmeasuresurvivalduringthishistoricdrought,whichwillhelpusunderstandhowfuturedroughtswillaffectthispopulation，”saysRossVanderVorste,whoconductedtheanalysisforthestudy.ClimatechangeleadstomorefrequentandseveredroughtsinCalifornia.Inthewatershed,andelsewhereincoastalCalifornia,salmonspendmuchoftheirlifeinsmallstreams.Thesestreamsoftendryupinplacesduringhot,dryconditions,leavingdisconnectedorcompletelydrypoolsofwater.Majorquestionshavebeentowhatextenthabitatfragmentation(碎片化)causedbymoreseveredroughtthreatenssalmonsurvival,andjusthowmuchwaterisneededtosupportthesalmonpopulationthroughthedrysummermonths.Evenduringthemostextremedroughtyears,thestudyfound,summersurvivalincertainreaches(河段)wassimilartosurvivalinnon­droughtyears,showingthatmanystreampoolsactasrefuges(避难所)．Inotherreaches,lackofflowingwaterledtosalmonbeingtrappedindryingpools,whichmeansmoredeaths.“Aslongaswaterremainedinpoolsthroughoutthesummer,salmoncouldsurvive，”saysVorste,“Soeventhoughwesawdecreasedsurvivalinmanypools,thereweresomeplacesservingasrefuges.”“Withthetrendtowardsincreasingdrought,it'sgoingtobeharderandharderforthesesalmontohangon，”saysCaliforniaSeaGrantextensionspecialistMariskaObedzinski.“Soit'simportantthatsomepoolsmaintainconditionssupportingsurvival.”“Therearelimitedresourcestoaddressstreamflowissues,sothisstudyhelpsfocusourattentiononcertainareas，”saysObedzinski,“Therearedifferentstrategiesfordifferentconditions.”Inadditiontoansweringimportantquestionsforlocalsalmonrecovery,thestudyalsoinformsbroaderecologicalquestionsabouttheroleofhabitatfragmentationforendangeredspecies.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于鲑鱼生存现状的研究。5．Whathappenedtocohosalmonintheearly2000's?A．Theyweretrackedandhuntedbylocalpeople.B．TheycametoliveinSonomaCountystreC．Theyweremarkedbytheresearchers.D．Theyalmostwentextinct.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的whichnearlycollapsedintheearly2000's可知，在20世纪初银鲑鱼几乎灭绝了。6．WhatproblemdosalmoninCaliforniaface?A．Theirhabitatsareoftenfragmentedduetodrought.B．TheRussianRiverC．Thewatertemperatureofthestreamsistoohighinsummer.D．Theirpopulationgrowstooslowlywithoutenoughfoodsupply.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的Thesestreamsoftendryupinplaces...habitatfragmentation(碎片化)causedby...threatenssalmonsurvival可知，它们的栖息地经常因干旱而支离破碎。7．WhatdoesParagraph3imply?A．Salmonincertainwatershavegotusedtodrought.B．Somestreampoolsneverdryupeveninsummer.C．Thesummersurvivalofsalmondecreaseseveryyear.D．Poolswithoutflowingwatercanberefugesforsalmon.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的Evenduring...showingthatmanystreampoolsactasrefuges(避难所)．及Soeventhoughwesawdecreasedsurvivalinmanypools,thereweresomeplacesservingasrefuges.可推断，有些溪流池即使在夏天也不会干涸。8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thenextstepofthestudy.B．Theconclusionofthestudy.C．Thesignificanceofthestudy.D．Thebackgroundtothestudy.解析：选C段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲了这项研究的意义。Ⅱ.完形填空WhenmysistersandIwerelittle,wewere1totakenaps.ThesummerIwasseven,Iaskedtotakemy2inatreeintheorchard(果园),theplaceIwenttowhenIwantedtobealoneand3.Inthetree,Ihada(n)4viewoftheorchard,ourhouse,fields,barnsandfences.Mysistersonceforgotmesocompletelythattheystoodunderthetree5secretsOneafternoonIclimbedthetree6，grabbingbranchesand7myfeetcarefullyuntilIwasashighasIcouldgo.8，aflyingnoiseattractedmyattention.Anowl9onathickbranchandgrippeditwithhertalons.Shepressedherwingstohersideandsettleddown.SonaturaldidImovemyselfthattheowlwouldnot10atmybeingthere.Sheflew11amongbranchesuntilshenoticedme.Theowlhesitatedforonesecond12sheliftedherwingsandflewawayintospace.Igaspedandwatchedhergo,13shewouldreturn.ShehadbeengonesolongthatIhad14seeingheragain.Unexpectedly,theowlreappearedinJanuary,accompaniedbyhermate.The15oftheowlgavemeasenseofassuranceIhadnotfeltbeforeandwhichIwouldtreasureforever.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在果园的树上打盹时邂逅了一只猫头鹰，她在发现“我”之后飞离；而之后又再现于一月。“我”对此番经历视若珍宝。1．A.allowed B．expectedC．forbidden D．appointed解析：选B根据空前的werelittle及常识可知，作者小时候应是被期盼着打盹。故选B项。2．A.naps B．lapsC．bonus D．angles解析：选A根据前面的totakenaps可知，七岁那年的夏天作者去果园的树上打盹。故选A项。3．A.ambitious B．brilliantC．peaceful D．competent解析：选C根据前面的alone可知，作者想找一个安静的地方独处。故选C项。4．A.private B．abundantC．grand D．adequate解析：选C根据后面的theorchard,ourhouse,fields,barnsandfences可知，在果园里作者有广阔的视野。故选C项。5．A.whispering B．keepingC．assuming D．hiding解析：选A根据后面的secrets和常识可知，在树下面应是小声说自己的秘密。故选A项。6．A.indisguise B．aswellC．invain D．asusual解析：选D根据上文的提示，作者喜欢在果园里的树上打盹，故这里是说作者像平常一样爬上树。故选D项。7．A.tapping B．insertingC．placing D．striking解析：选C根据上下文可知，作者上树时会小心地在树上放好脚。故选C项。8．A.Apparently B．EventuallyC．Suddenly D．Fortunately解析：选C根据下文可知，一只猫头鹰出现了，故此处指突然有一个声音吸引了作者。故选C项。9．A.landed B．existedC．waved D．picked解析：选A根据空后的onathickbranch可知，这只猫头鹰落在了一根粗壮的树枝上。故选A项。10．A.adaptto B．fadeoutC．getstuck D．getoffended解析：选D根据语境可知，作者自然地移动，以便猫头鹰不会被作者冒犯到。故选D项。11．A.nowandthen B．backandforthC．dayinanddayout D．trialanderror解析：选B根据后面的amongbranchesuntilshenoticedme可知，猫头鹰在树枝间来回飞动。故选B项。12．A.though B．whenC．until D．before解析：选D猫头鹰发现了作者后犹豫了一秒便飞走了。故选D项。13．A.thinking B．prayingC．comforting D．encouraging解析：选B根据最后一段可知，作者将这次经历视若珍宝，所以应是祈祷她会返回。故选B项。14．A.givenup B．cutupC．castdown D．brokendown解析：选A根据前面的Shehadbeengonesolong可知，猫头鹰已经飞走很长时间了，作者认为猫头鹰不会回来了。故选A项。15．A.occupation B．returnC．recovery D．evidence解析：选B根据上文中的Unexpectedly,theowlreappearedinJanuary可知，猫头鹰返回了。故选B项。Ⅲ.语法填空Chinalaunchedalargeroboticspacecrafton17December2020attheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinSouthChina'sHainanProvince,1(task)itwithlandingonthemoonandbringingbacklunarsamples,44yearsafterthelasttimesuchextraterrestrialsubstances(外星物质)2(bring)backtoearth.The3(heavy)andlargestinthenation'slunarfleetChang'e5wouldflyinthetrajectorywithinthenextseveraldaysandmakesomecorrectionoperationsbeforeconductingakeybrakingmaneuver(刹车操作)toavoid4(accident)flyingpastthemoon.Thereturncapsuleof5(China)Chang'e5probetoucheddownonitspresetlandingsiteinSiziwangBanneroftheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionat1：59amonThursday,bringingbackthecountry'sfirstsamples6(collect)from